The NCAA’s name, image and likeness policy, or NIL, is an interim rule that allows college athletes to earn money by lending their celebrity to endorse or promote products, services or brands. Since it took effect in 2021, NIL deals have exploded, increasing by 146% from 2022 to 2023 according to SponsorUnited, an online platform that tracks sponsorship data.
In addition to the impact on college athletics, the policy increases access for smaller businesses that couldn’t previously afford big university sponsorships, allowing them to align themselves with the school brands through smaller NIL deals.
“There are a lot of athletes who want to be part of this economy, at most schools, and not all of them are looking for million-dollar deals,” says Robert Boland, a sports law professor at Seton Hall University and attorney at Shumaker law firm with a specialization in collegiate and professional sports, including NIL sponsorship.
Here’s what small-business owners need to know before investing in this type of partnership.
NIL is similar to other types of marketing
The majority of NIL deals involve social media posts, according to Opendorse, an online athlete marketplace and NIL technology company. These types of deals work similarly to other types of influencer marketing, where popular social media personalities collaborate with businesses to promote their products.
NIL activities can also include print or TV ads, clinics or in-person meet-and-greets or autograph signings. While compensation can be cash, small-business owners can also offer free or discounted products or services to athletes in exchange for promotion, Boland says.
The NIL landscape is broader than it looks
Though big-name companies and star athletes get all the media attention, data from Opendorse indicate that the average NIL deal since the policy was implemented ranges from $228 to just over $10,000, depending on the athlete and collegiate division. Keep in mind, though, that those averages are inflated by high-dollar deals that only a handful of star athletes receive. Many NIL sponsorships are, as Boland describes, “small-dollar deals.”
Though NCAA football is by far the leading sport for NIL endorsements, sports like volleyball, track and field, baseball and softball make up nearly a quarter of NIL activity, and athletes who compete in less visible sports can also be great partners, according to Boland.
The leading industries for NIL deals are apparel and footwear, followed by local restaurants and technology companies — but those aren’t the only businesses that can see a return from NIL deals.
Brian Quigley, founder of Beacon Lending, a Colorado-based mortgage company, has collaborated with three college athletes in Boulder and Fort Collins to promote his business. He’s found that these sponsorships have grown brand recognition and trust, particularly among a younger demographic, and have also deepened his ties with the respective communities, which he sees as especially important for someone in his industry.
Collectives can help facilitate NIL deals
Small-business owners who aren’t comfortable reaching out to athletes directly can go through NIL collectives, which are school-specific, independent organizations that act as marketplaces for athletes to connect with interested companies and vice versa. Collectives function similarly to marketing or talent agencies and are intended to protect athletes and businesses by facilitating NIL transactions and handling the financials of the deals.
Currently, there are over 250 collectives in existence or on the way, and the majority of schools in the Power 5 conferences — The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), Big Ten Conference, Big 12 Conference, Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC) — have at least one collective.
NIL activity isn’t uniformly regulated
The NCAA’s policy doesn’t allow an athlete to be compensated for athletic performance and strictly prohibits deals that are contingent on enrollment at a particular university. For now, such deals are regulated at the state and university level, which means that schools and students bear the responsibility of monitoring and reporting activity and potential violations.
This has led to concerns that NIL deals lend themselves too closely to a “pay-for-play” model and encourage illegal recruiting activities. Currently, several pieces of bipartisan legislation have been introduced in Congress that could make regulations universal nationwide.
This means that the model for NIL sponsorships is still very “dynamic,” cautions Steven Baker, a mentor at the Coachella Valley, California, chapter of SCORE, a nonprofit that offers free resources for small-business owners. Small-business owners need to be intentional about each aspect of their approach, including their marketing strategy and plans for return on investment, according to Baker. Above all, avoid investing just because you’re a fan.
Small-business owners will need to do their research on whom they’re working with. Quigley’s recommendation is to prioritize authenticity. “Choose athletes who resonate with your brand values,” he said in an email. “It’s not just a transaction but a partnership.”
Nutritionists advise others on what to eat in order to lead a healthy lifestyle or achieve a specific health-related goal, such as losing weight or reducing blood pressure. Some nutritionists work directly with clients and patients in clinical settings, while others work in community settings like schools or health centers developing food plans and strategies for certain groups or demographics.
How much a nutritionist makes will depend on their qualifications, experience, and where they work, but the average nutritionist’s salary in the U.S. is $54,137 a year, according to ZipRecruiter.
Read on to learn more about how much a nutritionist can make a year and an hour, which cities and states pay the highest salaries, and other compensation and occupational benefits nutritionists enjoy.
What Are Nutritionists?
A nutritionist is an expert in using food to improve health and to prevent and manage disease. Nutritionists often advise people on what to eat to address a particular medical issue, such as hypertension, diabetes, or obesity. They may also be called upon to come up with a plan of action in situations where a treatment protocol, such as chemotherapy, impacts an individual’s overall diet or creates particular food sensitivities. Their exact role will depend on their specialization.
Being a nutritionist is not an ideal job for antisocial people, since you generally don’t work alone. Nutritionists can work in a variety of work settings, including:
• Hospitals and doctors’ offices
• Nursing homes
• Gyms and recreation centers
• Foodservice organizations
• Food and beverage companies
• Pharmaceutical companies
• Government organizations
While the terms “nutritionist” and “dietician” are often used interchangeably, there are some key distinctions between them. A registered dietitian (R.D.) is qualified to diagnose and treat certain medical conditions. Nutritionists, on the other hand, tend to focus on general nutritional aims and behaviors.
Dietitians also tend to have more education and credentials, though that’s not always the case. Depending on the state they practice in, a nutritionist may be required to have specific qualifications, certifications, or a license. However, in some states, there are no such mandates — meaning anyone can use the title if they want to.
While every dietitian can be called a nutritionist, not every nutritionist is a dietitian.
Check your score with SoFi
Track your credit score for free. Sign up and get $10.*
How Much Do Starting Nutritionists Make a Year?
While the average nutritionist’s salary is $54,137 a year, someone just starting out in the field may not be able to earn that figure as an entry-level salary. That said, a nutritionist coming into the profession with an advanced degree, such as a master’s or doctorate, and a license or other credentials, may be able to command a higher-than-average salary even when they are just starting out. 💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.
What is the Average Salary for a Nutritionist?
While salaries for a nutritionist can range anywhere from $32,500 to $90,000, the average annual pay for a nutritionist in the U.S. is $54,137 a year, according to February 2024 data from ZipRecruiter.
Nutritionist’s typically get paid an annual salary but some may make money by the hour, which can range from $15.62 to $43.27.
How much a nutritionist makes, however, can vary significantly by education, credentials, experience, industry, and location. Advanced education, such as a master’s or doctoral degree, can generally help you qualify for a higher-than-average nutritionist’s salary.
Certain metropolitan areas also pay more than others. The top paying cities for nutritionists include: Berkeley, CA,; Renton, WA; Newark, CA; Woburn, MA; and Santa Monica, CA.
Recommended: Is a $100,000 Salary Good?
The Average Nutritionist Salary by State for 2024
As mentioned above, how much money a nutritionist makes can vary by location. What follows is a breakdown of how much a dietician makes per year, on average, by state (listed from highest to lowest).
State
Average Annual Salary
Wisconsin
$83,731
Alaska
$81,044
Massachusetts
$80,824
Oregon
$80,772
New Mexico
$80,529
North Dakota
$80,527
Washington
$80,268
Minnesota
$79,381
Hawaii
$78,914
Ohio
$77,594
Colorado
$76,879
Nevada
$76,629
South Dakota
$76,107
New York
$75,623
Iowa
$74,908
Rhode Island
$74,814
Connecticut
$74,143
Tennessee
$74,087
Vermont
$73,710
Utah
$73,446
Mississippi
$72,808
Delaware
$72,604
Virginia
$71,688
Illinois
$71,072
Maryland
$70,347
New Jersey
$69,540
California
$69,458
Louisiana
$69,304
Pennsylvania
$69,281
Nebraska
$68,943
Kansas
$68,520
Missouri
$68,260
Maine
$67,953
South Carolina
$67,618
New Hampshire
$67,312
Oklahoma
$66,767
Idaho
$66,358
Wyoming
$66,356
North Carolina
$66,222
Texas
$65,834
Indiana
$65,561
Arizona
$64,205
Kentucky
$64,000
Michigan
$63,673
Montana
$63,238
Alabama
$62,448
Arkansas
$60,647
Georgia
$58,176
West Virginia
$53,507
Florida
$51,486
Source: ZipRecruiter
Nutritionist Job Considerations for Pay & Benefits
To get a job as a nutritionist or dietician, you may need:
• A bachelor’s degree, ideally in dietetics, nutrition, food service systems management, clinical nutrition, or a related area.
• Advanced degree (such as a master’s or doctoral degree)
• Supervised training through an internship
• A license (many, though not all, states require licenses for dietitians and nutritionists to practice)
• Certification (many dietitians earn the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist credential, which requires a bachelor’s degree and completed a dietetic internship program).
Nutritionists who work on staff typically receive not only competitive pay but also a suite of benefits, which may include:
• 401(k)
• Dental insurance
• Disability insurance
• Employee assistance program
• Flexible spending account
• Health insurance
• Life insurance
• Paid time off
• Retirement plan
• Vision insurance 💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.
Pros and Cons of Becoming a Nutritionist?
As with any profession, becoming a nutritionist comes with both advantages and disadvantages. Here’s a closer look at the job’s pros and cons.
Pros of Becoming a Nutritionist
• Opportunity to help people: Nutritionists help people by guiding them in their food choices and assisting them in reaching their health and nutritional goals, which can be highly rewarding.
• Varied tasks and responsibilities: A nutritionist can enjoy meeting a variety of people in different contexts. No client or situation will be the same, and each will bring new challenges.
• Can work in a variety of settings: Nutritionists can choose where they want to work, such as a hospital, nursing home, school, or gym. With extensive experience, a registered dietitian might open a private consulting practice and offer specialized services to their patients.
• Strong job outlook: The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts the employment of dietitians and nutritionists to grow 7% between 2022 and 2030, which is faster than the average for all occupations.
Cons of Becoming a Nutritionist?
• May need an advanced degree and certification: Depending on where you want to work, you may need to obtain a master’s and/or certain certifications (on top of a bachelor’s degree).
• Can be emotionally draining: Though generally a low-stress job, nutritionists may need to have frequent interactions with seriously ill patients, which can be emotionally challenging.
• You constantly have to stay up to date: Nutrition is an evolving science, which means you’ll need to stay current on the latest nutritional guidelines, regulations, and research, and adjust your practice based on new developments.
• Competition for top-paying jobs: While the job outlook is strong for nutritionists, jobs with competitive pay may receive a lot of applicants. Obtaining more than the minimum education and training required by the state, however, can set you apart from other job competitors.
Recommended: How Much Does a Nurse Make a Year?
The Takeaway
Working as a nutritionist can be a rewarding career for people who want to help others improve their health and lifestyle. Nutritionists can choose where they want to work and who they want to work with. A nutritionist’s salary can range from $32,500 to $90,000 or more depending on their certification, experience, and employer.
Whatever type of job you pursue, you’ll want to make sure your earnings can cover your everyday living expenses. To help ensure your monthly outflows don’t exceed your monthly inflows, you may want to set up a basic budget and check out financial tools that can help track your income and spending.
SoFi helps you stay on top of your finances.
FAQ
Can you make $100k a year as a nutritionist?
Earning $100K as a nutritionist is possible but isn’t typical. Nutritionist salaries range anywhere from $32,500 to $90,000 a year, according to ZipRecruiter. That said, getting an advanced degree and extra certifications and/or starting your own private practice could lead to a six figure income.
Do people like being a nutritionist?
People who want to help others and who have an interest in the science of food will enjoy being a nutritionist. There are plenty of opportunities for nutritionists in a variety of contexts.
Is it hard to get hired as a nutritionist?
Nutritionists and dieticians are currently in demand and job opportunities are expected to grow 7% between 2022 and 2030, which is faster than the average for all occupations, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Photo credit: iStock/Candle Photo
SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.
*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Irvine is an undeniable bright spot in the sunny state of California. With its meticulously planned neighborhoods, top-rated schools, and a thriving job market, Irvine is a highly sought after place for families and professionals alike.
Whether you’re exploring Great Park on a beautiful day or locking down a new tech job, there’s a place for everyone to feel right at home in Irvine.
If you’re searching for apartments in Irvine, houses for sale, or want to learn more about what Irvine is known for, this is the guide you’ve been waiting for.
1. Master-planned community
Irvine is renowned for its meticulously planned and well-maintained neighborhoods. The city is home to a variety of residential communities that offer a high quality of life, with plenty of green spaces, parks, and top-notch amenities for residents to enjoy. Needless to say, there’s never a dull day in Irvine.
2. Tech industry
Irvine has a thriving technology industry, with many prominent tech companies and startups calling the city home. The presence of these companies has solidified Irvine’s reputation as a center for innovation and technological advancement. This sentiment is best highlighted by Irvine Tech Week, a gathering of tech leaders and professionals that showcases and celebrates the best in tech.
3. University of California, Irvine
The University of California, Irvine is a prestigious research university that has put Irvine on the map as a hub for academic excellence. The university’s cutting-edge research and talented student body contribute to the city’s highly-regarded intellectual atmosphere.
4. Irvine Global Village Festival
The Irvine Global Village Festival is a celebration of diversity and one of Irvine’s most anticipated annual events. It showcases a range of cultures through live music, dance performances, international cuisine, and art from around the world. If you’re not a local, it’s worth making the trip.
5. Safe and clean
Irvine consistently ranks as one of the safest and cleanest cities in the United States. The city’s commitment to public safety and environmental sustainability has made it an attractive place to live for families and individuals who ultimately want to avoid the stresses of big city living without losing the convenience of the urban sprawl.
6. Great Park
Once a Marine Corps Air Station, Great Park has transformed into a sprawling, innovative public space that offers an array of activities. It features sports facilities, walking and biking trails, a farmers market, and the iconic Great Park Balloon, offering panoramic views of the surrounding area.
7. Tanaka Farms
Tanaka Farms stands as a beacon of agricultural heritage within Irvine, offering a unique farm-to-table experience in an urban setting. This working farm invites visitors to participate in seasonal activities, like strawberry picking, watermelon tours, and pumpkin patches. It’s an educational and fun destination for families.
8. Family-friendly community
With top-rated schools, family-friendly attractions, and a strong sense of community, Irvine is often recognized as an ideal place to raise a family. The city’s emphasis on education and family-oriented amenities makes it a welcoming environment for residents of all ages.
9. Architectural diversity
Irvine showcases a diverse range of architectural styles, reflecting its evolution from a planned community to a dynamic urban center. From the sleek, modern designs of corporate offices and the University of California, Irvine, to the thoughtfully designed residential neighborhoods that blend with the city’s green spaces, Irvine’s architecture mirrors its inclusive and forward-thinking spirit.
10. Sustainable practices
Irvine is committed to sustainability and environmental stewardship, with initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions, conserving natural resources, and promoting eco-friendly practices. The city’s dedication to sustainability sets a positive example for what suburbia could look like throughout the country in the future.
Boise is a gem in the Pacific Northwest that often flies under the radar but boasts more than a few unique attractions and characteristics that make it stand out. From its serene outdoor spaces to a burgeoning arts scene, Boise combines the warmth of a small town with the perks of a larger city. Whether you’re considering renting an apartment in Boise or just curious about what makes it tick, this guide will walk you through the highlights that define Idaho’s capital city. Let’s explore what Boise is known for.
1. The Boise Greenbelt
Boise is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, thanks in large part to the Boise River Greenbelt. This extensive network of trails and parks stretches over 25 miles, offering residents and visitors alike a picturesque route for biking, walking and jogging. The Greenbelt connects Boise’s downtown area with lush riverside parks, providing a natural escape in the heart of the city. It’s a perfect example of Boise’s commitment to preserving green spaces and promoting an active lifestyle.
2. Boise State University and the blue turf
Boise State University is a cornerstone of the community, known nationally for its unique blue turf football field. Home to the Broncos, the university brings energy and excitement to the city with its athletic events, particularly football games that draw fans from across the nation. Beyond sports, BSU is a center for academic excellence and events, contributing significantly to Boise’s lively atmosphere and community engagement.
3. Boise Art Museum
The Boise Art Museum (BAM) in Boise, Idaho, is a cool spot for art lovers. Since 1937, it’s been showcasing everything from historic to modern art, with a special nod to American and Pacific Northwest pieces. They also host fun workshops and events, making art accessible for everyone in the Boise community.
4. Historic Hyde Park
Situated in the North End area, Hyde Park is the heart of Boise’s historic district. This charming area is lined with well-preserved early 20th-century architecture, quaint shops and cozy eateries that offer a glimpse into Boise’s past. It’s a favorite spot for locals to spend a leisurely afternoon shopping, dining or simply enjoying the neighborhood’s nostalgic ambiance.
5. The Boise River
The Boise River is more than just a backdrop for the city; it’s a focal point for recreation and leisure. During the warmer months, residents flock to the river for tubing, kayaking and fishing. The Annual Boise River Float is a highlight of the summer, attracting people of all ages to enjoy a leisurely float down the river.
6. Finger steaks
Boise finger steaks are a popular regional dish originating from Boise, Idaho. Essentially, they are pieces of steak that have been cut into long, thin strips, battered and deep-fried. This regional dish is often served with a side of fries and a few dipping sauces, typically cocktail sauce, ranch dressing or a spicy hot sauce.
7. Idaho State Capitol
Boise’s history is alive and well in landmarks like the Idaho State Capitol Building and the Old Idaho Penitentiary. These sites offer a window into the state’s past, from its early days as a frontier town to its development into the thriving city it is today. Tours of these historic sites provide insight into the people and events that shaped Boise and Idaho at large.
8. Boise Foothills
The Boise Foothills provide a stunning backdrop to the city and a playground for outdoor enthusiasts. With hundreds of miles of trails for hiking, mountain biking and running, the Foothills are easily accessible from the city and offer breathtaking views as well as a chance to connect with nature. This proximity to the great outdoors is a defining feature of Boise’s lifestyle.
9. Downtown Boise
Boise’s downtown area is the heartbeat of the city, combining historic charm with modern vitality. With an array of shopping, dining and entertainment options, downtown Boise is a bustling hub of activity day and night. The area’s walkability and the variety of events held throughout the year, from farmers’ markets to festivals, make downtown an essential part of Boise’s identity.
10. Community spirit and quality of life
Perhaps what Boise is most known for is its strong sense of community and high quality of life. Residents pride themselves on a friendly, welcoming atmosphere that makes newcomers feel at home. The city’s safe neighborhoods, excellent schools and community-oriented initiatives reflect Boise’s commitment to fostering a supportive and strong community.
Bakersfield is a city that uniquely blends its historical roots with a keen eye toward the future, offering a distinct experience unlike any other.
From its legendary country music heritage to its significant role in the oil and agriculture industries, Bakersfield is a city that stands out in the heart of the Golden State.
Whether you’re exploring its scenic outdoor spaces, diving into its rich musical history, or enjoying the local food scene, living in Bakersfield is not a bad way to spend your days.
1. The Bakersfield sound
Bakersfield strikes a chord in the hearts of country music lovers everywhere. Known as the birthplace of the Bakersfield Sound, this city played a pivotal role in shaping the direction of country music in the 1950s and 1960s. Legends like Buck Owens and Merle Haggard brought a raw, electrifying sound to the genre, distinguishing themselves from the polished Nashville style. Today, Buck Owens’ Crystal Palace stands as a living monument to this musical heritage, offering live performances, a museum, and a restaurant, all dedicated to preserving and celebrating the unique sound that Bakersfield contributed to the world of country music.
2. Oil
Bakersfield’s economy has been significantly shaped by the oil industry since the late 19th century. The city sits atop one of the largest oil-producing areas in the United States, making it a critical hub for energy production. This industry has not only powered local economic growth but has also provided numerous job opportunities, shaping the city’s landscape and community. The presence of oil derricks scattered around the outskirts is a testament to the enduring legacy and importance of the oil industry in Bakersfield.
3. Agriculture
The fertile lands surrounding Bakersfield contribute to its status as a powerhouse in the agricultural sector. Known for producing a wide variety of crops, including almonds, carrots, and citrus, the city plays a crucial role in feeding the nation and the world. Bakersfield’s agricultural success is celebrated annually at the Kern County Fair, where locals and visitors alike can experience the diversity and richness of the region’s produce.
4. Kern River
Bakersfield’s geographical location offers unique opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts. The city is a gateway to the great outdoors, with the Kern River providing a playground for water sports, fishing, and hiking. The surrounding areas, such as the Sequoia National Forest, offer breathtaking landscapes and a chance to escape into nature. Whether it’s rafting down the river or exploring the trails, Bakersfield is a haven for those seeking adventure and natural beauty.
5. The Fox Theater
The Fox Theater is an architectural and cultural gem in the heart of Bakersfield. Since its opening in 1930, the theater has hosted a myriad of performances, from movies to live concerts and plays. Its stunning restoration has preserved its historical charm while allowing it to remain a vibrant venue for entertainment. The Fox Theater is a symbol of the city’s commitment to preserving its cultural landmarks and continuing to offer a rich arts scene.
6. Higher education
Bakersfield is home to several higher education institutions, including California State University, Bakersfield (CSUB), and Bakersfield College. These institutions not only provide educational opportunities for residents but also contribute to the local economy and cultural life. With a variety of programs and initiatives, these schools are integral in preparing the next generation of leaders and innovators.
7. The Basque community
Bakersfield boasts a significant Basque community, one of the largest in the United States. This cultural presence is celebrated through its cuisine, with several Basque restaurants offering traditional meals in a communal setting. The annual Basque Festival showcases traditional dance, music, and sports, highlighting the rich cultural heritage that the Basque community brings to the Bakersfield area.
8. Kern County Museum
The Kern County Museum provides a deep dive into the historical and cultural fabric of Bakersfield and the surrounding region. With exhibits ranging from oil production to the pioneer experience and the development of the Bakersfield music scene, the museum offers a comprehensive look at the forces that have shaped the area. It’s a must-visit for anyone looking to understand the city’s past and its impact on the present.
9. First Friday Art Walk
Bakersfield’s art and culture scene is vibrant and growing, with galleries, theaters, and community events that celebrate local talent and creativity. The First Friday Art Walk in downtown Bakersfield is a popular monthly event where artists and performers showcase their work. This thriving ecosystem reflects the city’s diverse population and its staunch support for the arts.
10. Carrots
Carrot farming plays a significant role in Bakersfield, California, positioning the region as a leading producer of carrots in the United States. The area’s favorable climate and fertile soil provide ideal conditions for carrot cultivation, contributing substantially to the local economy and employment. Bakersfield’s carrot industry not only supports a vast network of farmers and agricultural workers but also hosts research and development in carrot breeding and farming techniques, enhancing the quality and yield of the crop.
Editor in Chief Sarah Wheeler sat down with Dan Stewart, founder and CEO of Happy Grasshopper, to talk about the company’s tech strategy in creating content that resonates with consumers. Storytelling is key to the company’s success and Stewart’s own story explains how he stays cool in any market cycle. Turns out being stranded at sea in shark-infested waters puts everything else in perspective.
Sarah Wheeler: What differentiates your technology?
Dan Stewart: When you think of the technical landscape today, specifically for CRM, at the very core, everything does almost exactly the same thing: It segments contacts and it sends messaging. That’s not a significant technical challenge. The challenge is creating and delivering messaging that produces the desired result for the person sending the message. And that’s what we focus on.
Today we’re nurturing about 37 million contacts on behalf of our members. And we’ve built a reporting engine we affectionately call queen bee reporting. We leverage AI to crunch the numbers, because the datasets get so large so quickly. We leverage AI to make sure that our members are sending content that’s most likely to be well-received by the target audience and to produce the conversations that they need to have.
SW: How do you know what the “right” content is?
DS: Looking in the data, it really highlights some key things:
The No. 1 thing that determines the effectiveness of a message is the relationship between the sender and the recipient.
We all have people in our lives, it doesn’t matter what the subject line is, we’re going to pay attention to their message because it’s from them. Right? On the other hand, if your phone rings and it says potential spam, there’s almost no chance you’re going to answer it. So relevancy of that relationship is very important.
The second most important thing is the relevancy to the time that the message is sent. So the cycle of what’s happening in the world becomes extremely important for creating effective messaging. The way to start that conversation is to leverage what I call the formula for engagement — basically we have to raise their curiosity and leave it unresolved.
SW: What are some use cases of the formula for engagement?
DS: So first, as a brand, we create content for agents that’s designed to go to people they know, typically past clients and sphere. And this content is not typically about real estate. It’s about something interesting that’s happening today, that we can use as conversation starter.
The second type of content we send is lead conversion and nurturing content. The timing, the duration, the frequency — all of that gets influenced by the source of the lead and the time of day that the lead is captured.
The third category is the attraction and recruitment of more people to a brand. Whether it’s branch managers to a mortgage firm, LOs to the branch manager, real estate referral partners to the LOs — there needs to be a very clear understanding that the content strategy must be very appropriate to the goal.
SW: What really differentiates your tech?
DS: Happy Grasshopper is a true managed service so our tech is very important, and yet our core belief is that tech alone isn’t enough. Agents have a lot of technology today. But that doesn’t mean they’re using it as well as they could be.
I have three core beliefs that really underpin everything I do at Happy Grasshopper. The first is that whatever we want to achieve in business, it’s most easily achieved through relationship. The second is that relationships only really live in one place and that’s conversation. And the third is that conversations lead to closings. I’ve yet to meet an agent or an LO who will not earn more commission if they have more conversations.
SW:What past experience influences the way you think about tech today?
DS: Prior to Happy Grasshopper, I built and exited a CRM company. We built white label software for franchisors — we gave the brand exactly what they wanted. And then of course, they’d roll it out to their franchisees who would log in once and then almost never come back. Which was what kept me up at night at the time.
Post-exit, I had this realization that we did it in the wrong order: we really should have built from the bottom up. So very intentionally when I started Happy Grasshopper, we focused only on serving the end user. And then we added teams, and then we added brokerages. And now we’re at the true enterprise brand level. And we get lots of usage and engagement in our application, because we’ve built it in such a way that the end user actually gets value from it every time they use it.
SW: How is AI helping you with the actual content you create? Or is that created by humans?
DS: We do not use generative AI to create content for our members. We have a staff of real human writers, college-educated, with 401(k), medical, dental benefits — real, actual people who take the time to interview our members. And we ask our members to review the content that we wrote for them and confirm whether or not it sounds like them.
And then we leverage the AI to really scrub the data — we’re sending messaging to 37 million contacts, we really need help understanding what the results of all that data means. It’s not like we have just one reporting page where you could see what your open rate was on a particular email and make a good decision. We’ve used the API to parse the messaging for tone, for length. And we use that data in conjunction with the data reporting, to help our human writers understand why particular messages are more successful than other messages. And I’m really proud of the results we’ve been able to create for our members.
We have taken the time to really build this, and we’re at the precipice of massive scale. We’re about to grow tremendously. Because it’s, it’s time for the brands to really understand how we can help all of their agents find more transactions. And in a market that’s having fewer deals closed than in years past, relationships are what’s going to lead people through this.
What do we do in our lives in times of crisis? We turn to people we trust. Whatever’s happening in the market, it can always be used to start a valuable conversation and help the right-minded real estate professionals show up as people who provide massive value rather than just attempt to garner commissions.
SW: What’s the profile of your members?
DS: We have members today in about 40 different verticals. Over 90% of our membership is in real estate and mortgage and we create content for buyers agents, listing agents, team leaders, broker owners, regional management, national management. We’ve also written content for brands.
SW: How do you think about cybersecurity?
DS: At Happy Grasshopper we don’t retain mortgage information, financial information — no one uploads that into our system, because it’s not necessary for us to have that information on file. So just from a business case perspective, if we were ever breached, the sorts of things that would be taken, we would just be limited the contact information. And course, that would be a horrible thing. But I know that being diligent and then having a business use case where we’re not really hanging on to any sort of super-sensitive information is an advantage for us.
SW: What keeps you up at night?
DS: Almost nothing. I sleep incredibly well. I’ve lived a very weird life. I moved a lot. As a kid, I had 14 schools before I graduated. One of my formative experiences was when my father’s boss inherited a sailboat. And my dad volunteered to sail it from the Florida Keys up to Sarasota. And the boat sank — we spent the better part of two days thinking that the sharks were going to come in and eat us. I can tell you: there’s nothing that I’ve ever faced in business that scared me as much as that.
SW: What? I think we need more details!
DS: My dad was a West Point grad, a civil engineer. He was an experienced power boater — he was not an experienced sailor. And that didn’t bother him. He thought, ‘You know what, this would be a great family vacation, let’s go.’ And so we left Islamorada, sailing due east. And he sailed us right into the largest barrier reef in North America. It knocked a hole in the side of the boat and the boat went down really quickly. It leaned over on its side and we had this little hump of fiberglass just above the water that we clung to the rest of the day, waving our arms. And then the sun went down and the tide came up — that night was terrifying. [The family was in the water another day] As the sun came up on the second day, there was a Coast Guard cutter, and they came and got us off the reef.
So, how privileged are we to be alive at this particular moment? The poorest of us have access to things the richest people up to 100 years ago couldn’t even imagine. It’s an amazing time to be alive. And I feel really privileged to be part of that fuel that’s connecting people in the digital age.
The investing information provided on this page is for educational purposes only. NerdWallet, Inc. does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks, securities or other investments.
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn how to utilize a tax advantaged 529 plan to help your or a friend’s children save for future education expenses.
This Week in Your Money: What are the risks of purchasing a home without an inspection? How can you plan for major expenses when healthcare providers can’t tell you how much their services will cost? Hosts Sean Pyles and Sara Rathner share their hot takes on unexpected financial challenges, with tips and tricks on handling surprise expenses, understanding the importance of home inspections, and dealing with healthcare industry inefficiencies.
Today’s Money Question: What are the benefits of a 529 college savings plan? Can you contribute to a friend’s 529 plan to support their child’s future? NerdWallet writer Elizabeth Ayoola joins Sean and Sara to discuss the essentials of 529 college savings plans. They discuss the types of educational expenses covered, the tax benefits associated with 529 plans, and the flexibility of choosing different state plans. They also answer a listener’s question about how to approach the sensitive topic of financial gifts for education with parents, sharing methods for contributing to a loved one’s 529 plan without overstepping boundaries. Then, they discuss the implications of the Secure Act 2.0 on 529 plans, methods for estimating necessary savings for a child’s education, and tactful ways to discuss educational contributions with parents.
Check out this episode on your favorite podcast platform, including:
NerdWallet stories related to this episode:
Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sara Rathner:
Hey Sean, has money ever made you mad?
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, it has, especially when I get a bill that I don’t expect to pay but have to anyway. So yeah, why?
Sara Rathner:
Yeah. Yeah, those surprise major expenses are a huge pain. I just had to replace my washing machine because the fun never stops in my house.
In this episode, we are going to let off a little steam about what makes us mad in the world of money.
Sean Pyles:
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money Podcast. Our job today is to help you be smarter with your money, one money question at a time. I’m Sean Pyles.
Sara Rathner:
And I’m Sara Rathner.
So listener, this show is all about you and your money questions. So, whatever financial decision you’re pondering, whatever’s making you mad about your money, let us know.
Sean Pyles:
Leave a voicemail or text the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. Or you can email your questions to podcast@nerdwallet com.
Sara Rathner:
In this episode, Sean and I answer a listener’s question about contributing to 529 accounts for your loved ones. But first, we’re going to yell into the void in our semi-regular Money Hot Takes segment.
Sean Pyles:
So here’s how this works. Sara and I just rail against whatever we feel like in the world of money. And let’s put, say, 100 seconds on the clock. That’s what? A second for every penny in a dollar. I don’t know, it’s just an arbitrary number really.
Sara Rathner:
That works for me. It’s a nice round number.
Sean Pyles:
All right, Sara, are you ready?
Sara Rathner:
Sean Pyles:
I’m starting my timer. Go.
Sara Rathner:
All right. I hate the trend where home buyers feel pressure to completely waive getting a home inspection before buying a property. That’s different from the type of waiver where you’ll still do the inspection, but then you’re assuming the cost of anything you find. It’s when you just do without the inspection entirely.
I live in a block of houses that are like 107 years old, and two houses on my block sold with waived inspections where the buyers had to put tens of thousands of dollars unexpectedly into problems in their house that they didn’t know about. I just had a neighbor text me asking for a roofer because the first time it rained since she moved in her house, it started raining on the inside of her house, which means that the seller just lived with that for however long before selling the house and passing the problem onto somebody else.
So especially if you’re a first-time home buyer, if you are going to drain your savings to buy your house, and then you’re not going to have much money left for repairs, be really careful about this. And as a society, can we just make inspections mandatory? That’s more consumer-friendly, honestly. People need to know what they’re getting into, and frankly, people should feel pressure to keep their houses well maintained before sale. There I said it.
Sean Pyles:
You’ve got 40 more seconds if you want to keep on railing.
Sara Rathner:
Oh man, I do? Well, if you haven’t bought a home yet, what’s nice about getting an inspector involved is they’ll look at all the major systems of the house, the appliances, the roof, all sorts of stuff, the electrical, the plumbing, and they will tell you the lifespan of some of those major things like a furnace or a boiler, your roof, your HVAC system. And even if something is going to go in the next year or two, at least you have this laundry list of things and when they’ll probably need to be replaced, and you can begin to budget for those replacements.
Sean Pyles:
Okay, that’s 100 seconds.
Sara Rathner:
Boom. All right, Sean, you got any reaction?
Sean Pyles:
Well, I totally feel that, because buying a house without knowing what’s wrong with it is very risky financially. Buying a house can be financially risky in and of itself, depending on how expensive the home is. But imagine getting into the house, it’s your first day, you’re super happy to be a homeowner, and then you realize, oh, it’s raining inside the house, or the crawl space is infested with termites. You don’t know what you’re getting into if you don’t have an inspection. And even if it may make you a more competitive buyer, it isn’t worth it, in my opinion, to get yourself into something like that because you just don’t understand the risks you could be taking on. And I’m all about mitigating risks as much as possible.
Sara Rathner:
All right, Sean, I have had my turn, and now it is your turn. I have set my timer for 100 seconds. And go.
Sean Pyles:
Okay. Today I am mad about industries that are designed to extract money from us while making our lives miserable or at least really frustrating. And I have one, maybe two, examples depending on how far 100 seconds takes me.
First step is healthcare. Americans spend far more on healthcare than other wealthy nations. Nearly 18% of our GDP in 2021 went to healthcare. And what are we getting for it? An incompetent extractive industry that exploits nearly everyone that engages with it. Among wealthy nations, the US has the highest rates of infant and maternal mortality and excess deaths, not to mention the daily indignities that come with trying to access healthcare.
I have a recent example that is a microcosm of these larger issues. I recently got a bill in the mail for some regular lab work, and the thing is, I have these labs done every few months, and they’re always covered by my insurance. But this time I got a surprise bill for nearly $200, and I’d already had an expensive month with some car repairs, and I was not excited about the prospect of an additional $200 to cover. So I called my doctor, and they said, “Oh yeah, the company that does the lab work just messed up. Oops, just disregard the bill.”
So if I hadn’t called my doctor, I would have been on the hook for this bill. This was a relatively small bill as far as medical bills go, and it was fairly easy for me to clear up. I’m obviously very fortunate in this case, but for so many people, especially those with chronic illnesses or complex medical conditions, the onslaught of navigating insurance, verifying that you’re being billed correctly and then somehow coming up with the money to cover bill after bill is just totally exhausting and can make achieving financial goals nearly impossible.
So why am I going on and on about things that we already know too much about?
Sara Rathner:
Just so you know, you’re over time.
Sean Pyles:
Oh, God. I’m going to keep going. I’m almost done.
Sara Rathner:
Keep going, Sean. Let’s do this.
Sean Pyles:
All right. I am going on and on about this because I think it’s important to remind people that it does not have to be this way. We are in an election year, people, so I don’t know, let’s try to do something about it.
Okay, Sara, how many seconds was that?
Sara Rathner:
Oh, well I stopped timing it the second it hit the clock, so that might’ve been just an extra 10 seconds, honestly.
Sean Pyles:
Okay. It’s hard to fit so much into such a small amount of time.
Sara Rathner:
You know what? Your rage is such that it cannot be fit into a tiny container and that is valid. It’s okay to let the rage out and give it some more space.
I agree with you. What’s annoying is, for example, this past year I had a baby, and that is expensive to the tune for me of $7,000 out of pocket after insurance. Hi. $7,000 is a lot of money, people.
And what was annoying about that, and this is something for anybody who maybe is facing a planned medical procedure like a surgery or childbirth or anything like that, or who takes medication for chronic illnesses, I tried to call the billing department at the hospital to talk to my insurance company to say, “Can you at least give me an idea of how much money I will be out?” I knew going into it that I would be having a C-section. So I could say, “I’m having a C-section, that means I have to work with an anesthesiologist, which is an extra expense. Can you tell me ballpark, even if you’re off by a grand, how much should I budget for this?” And everyone’s like, “We don’t know.” Shrug emoji.
Then the bills just fly in for months and you think you’re done. So you’re like, “Okay, we’re done paying for the hospital bill. Now we can put our money into other stuff.” And then you get another bill for like, $1,100.
Sean Pyles:
And you have to question, was this billed correctly? Was it coded correctly? You don’t know. And it just flies in the face of all the things that we try to talk about in the personal finance space, which is around anticipating big expenses, budgeting for it, saving up for it if you can. It’s impossible when you don’t know what you’re going to be paying.
Sara Rathner:
Right, and if you’re facing surgery, what, are you just going to not have anesthesia to save money? Do not recommend.
Sean Pyles:
That is not a money-saving tip that we would recommend. No.
Sara Rathner:
No, that’s a place where you should spend good money, get good and numb.
But really it is an extra expense. And that’s so, so frustrating because you are not only out a lot of money, but you’re feeling kind of vulnerable because you’ve just gone through some medical stuff, even if it’s just blood work or something, and you want to take good care of your health, and it’s sometimes financially impossible to do that.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. Not to mention completely demoralizing.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, and some people just don’t go to the doctor because of the cost, or the dentist. And then years later, they’re faced with really serious health issues because they’ve been neglecting their health because of the cost.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. I don’t know, it’s really tough in this space to talk about medical expenses because at NerdWallet and in the personal finance realm, we try to give actionable advice, and a lot of the time the advice is reactive. If you get a medical bill, you do have to ensure that it’s coded correctly. Maybe try to work out a payment plan with your medical office if you can’t cover the bill in one go. But it’s so hard to be proactive like you were just describing and understand what you’re going to have to pay if you want a routine procedure like blood work or something more significant like having a baby, makes me want to yell into the void all day every day.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah. Well, we took more than 100 seconds about this. If you have a body, then this is something that affects you, and it is really hard to deal with those extra unexpected costs.
Sean Pyles:
All right, so that is what we are mad about this week, listener. I know there’s a lot to be mad about in the world of money, so do not keep it in. Let us hear what you’re mad about, and we might just share it on a future episode.
You can text your Money Hot Take to us or leave a voicemail on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. Or you can email it to podcast@nerdwallet com.
Sara Rathner:
All right, I don’t know about you, but my heart rate is starting to come down from all of that. Ooh, deep breaths, everyone. This episode’s money question is up next. So calm down too and stay with us.
Sean Pyles:
This episode’s money question comes from Lauren, who wrote us an email. Here it is.
“Hi nerdy Nerds. I’m not a parent. I’m never going to be a parent. Because of that, I have made it part of my financial plan to contribute to the 529 plans of kids around me. Because I don’t have nieces and nephews, I’m contributing toward the savings of my friend’s three-year-old. How much needs to go into a 529 starting at age two or three to cover a four-year private college?”
“I got the details on this kid’s 529 plan from his dad and started contributing about $100 a month. We didn’t talk about it. I intend to keep chipping in until the kid is done getting formal education 20 to 25 years from now. How do I talk to the parents? I want to understand if I’m helping enough without becoming privy to their private financial details. I also don’t want to make it seem like I have any vote whatsoever in how the kid charts an educational path. How do I broach this with the parents?”
Sara Rathner:
To help us answer this listener’s question, on this episode of the podcast, we are joined by NerdWallet writer Elizabeth Ayoola. Welcome.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Hello, and hi.
Sean Pyles:
Elizabeth, so good to have you on.
So let’s start by setting some groundwork. Can you please describe what a 529 college savings plan is, how they work, and why they’re such a big deal?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
A 529 plan is a huge deal indeed to me anyway. I wish I had one when I went to college because I was left with a huge bill. But anyways.
529s are tax advantaged college savings plans, and they allow people to save and invest money for education expenses. So, with that said, the money gets to grow, and it gets to compound, which can mean beneficiaries have a nice education pot to pull from when they need the money. And for those who don’t know what compounding is, it’s essentially when your interest earns interest.
Sara Rathner:
It’s the eighth wonder of the world.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Sara Rathner:
So you mentioned education expenses and that’s what the purpose of this account is, but what kinds of education expenses can you use a 529 to fund?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Funds in a 529 account can be used to cover a vast range of qualified expenses, and that can range from tuition to computers and education related equipment. The expenses can also be used to pay for education needs of your beneficiaries. And the good thing that I like is that the beneficiaries can be in anywhere from kindergarten through grade 12. So that said, it’s not only for college students.
Sean Pyles:
Right, that is a really good point because people hear about 529 accounts, and they think they may be specifically for people going through a traditional four-year education, but people can also use the funds in the 529 college savings plan to cover things like trade schools too. So it really isn’t only for that traditional four-year higher education route.
Sara Rathner:
So earlier you mentioned that 529s are tax advantaged accounts. Can you talk a little bit about the tax treatment of them, and what should people know when they’re considering opening a 529?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Well, one thing that I personally like about these accounts that some people don’t know also is that some states offer a tax deduction if you contribute to their plan. And when I say their plan, I mean the state that you live in. But there is no federal tax deduction for a 529 contribution. So it’s only at a state level. The tax deduction is usually capped. So no, you can’t just deduct your entire contribution. The deduction amount varies from state to state. So it’s best that you check in your state what the amount may be, if they offer it.
And a little bit off-topic, but I also like that the IRS doesn’t set a cap on your contributions to a 529 account, although some states do set a limit.
Sean Pyles:
And I’ll call out two other tax benefits of 529 college savings plans. The first is that investment growth in this account is tax-free, and second, distribution for qualified expenses like tuition or books are also tax-free.
Elizabeth, another important thing to know about 529 college savings plans is that each state has their own, and you don’t have to choose the 529 plan from the state that you live in. And this can all get a little bit confusing because there are so many states to choose from. So, at a high level, can you outline the main differences between a 529 from one state to the next, and how would someone go about choosing which state’s 529 plan to use?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
One of the major differences that people should know and a reason that people may cheat on their state’s 529 plan is lower fees. I personally have a 529 from a different state than my current home state for that very reason. So people should consider shopping around and comparing fees before opening an account. Ultimately, the goal should be to do some math and see whether the deductions and the credits that you’re going to get in the state that you live in are worth more than the lower fees that you could get in another state in the long term.
Also, note that you can open multiple 529 accounts. I have multiple 529 accounts. I recently opened a second one in my home state, Florida, because my son was awarded a grant and it could be transferred to a 529 account, but the catch was it had to be a Florida 529 plan.
Sara Rathner:
So 529s have some flexibility, which we talked about before, not just for four-year educations, but also for trade schools and for K to 12 expenses as well. And interestingly enough, 529s were just made even more flexible. Can you talk about recent changes around the ability to roll 529 funds into a Roth IRA, and what that means for folks who maybe aren’t considering going to college?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
The Secure Act 2.0 was recently passed, and if I can be honest, that’s what motivated me to open up my first 529 account, and I just opened it last year. I was always on the fence and only saved money in a brokerage account because I was afraid of what would happen if my son decided not to go to college in 15 years. He’s six, by the way.
I decided to get off the fence when the Secure Act 2.0 made it possible for people to roll at least a portion of the unused funds into a Roth account. However, you do have to wait until 15 years after you’ve opened the 529 account before you can roll those funds over. And you can also only roll up to a certain limit starting in 2024. It may be ideal to read the IRS’s rules, they have a lot of fine print around the conversion or speak to a finance professional about it.
I think Roths are also awesome because they aren’t subject to required minimum distributions and withdrawals. They’re also tax-free when you meet certain requirements like waiting until 59-1/2, amongst other rules.
Sara Rathner:
All right, well thank you for that great summary of the tax rules surrounding this new change. We just want to let you all know that we are not investing or tax professionals, and if you have any specific questions to your own situation, definitely consult a professional who can give you guidance.
Now let’s turn to the fun stuff. The math, Sean. I know that you are in the midst of your certified financial planner coursework. I have slogged through that myself. It is a lot. It is a lot of math.
Sean Pyles:
Sara Rathner:
And now that you know how to do it, I’m sure you’re eager to show off your chops. So are there any insights you can share that will help our listener figure out how much they need to save every month or every year to help their friends reach their savings goals?
Sean Pyles:
As a matter of fact, yes. And you’re right, I have been waiting for an opportunity to show off what I’ve been learning about because often I’m just doing calculations in silence and this is a time for me to be loud and proud about hitting buttons on a calculator. So let’s do it.
I’ll spare you and our listeners the specifics of the calculation, but I plugged the listener’s situation into a time value of money calculation and got a rough estimate for how much they will need to save.
Sara Rathner:
All right, drum roll. What’s the number?
Sean Pyles:
For our listener to meet the savings goal that they outlined in their question, remember, they want to save for four years of education at a private college starting now-ish and saving until the kid finishes school. They would need to save around $8,000 per year. Obviously, that’s a lot of money to contribute to a 529 account, no less for a kid who isn’t your own. And this is why 529s are often just part of the picture when it comes to paying for college, which usually includes some combination of scholarships, grants and loans and generous gifts from family friends.
Sara Rathner:
That is definitely more than a hundy a month.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, that’s for sure.
All right, so all of that math out of the way, I want to talk about the other part of our listener’s question. They seem to be concerned about how much they should contribute and also how to talk about this with their friends. I am not a parent, so I would love to hear from both of you who are parents, how you would approach the situation if you had such a generous friend. Would you welcome the money, or say get out of my business? Or if you are going to accept this money, if you want to have this conversation with your friend, how would you want them to communicate that with you?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Honestly, I would welcome the money, especially because I’m a single mama. So as a matter of fact, my friends always contribute to my son’s savings account in London for his birthdays or holidays and I really, really appreciate it. It can be a better gift to me than toys that stab me in the foot within a few days.
Sean Pyles:
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I would also appreciate a friend asking me what my savings goals are, so they know how to support that goal. However, I do think, for the sake of boundaries, I would like my friend to ask me my comfort level with the topic before they dive in and start trying to give advice.
I think it’s also important to note that not everyone is comfortable discussing money or financial goals. But with that said, here’s an example of maybe how somebody could say it. So you may say, “Hey, I want to help you reach John’s college savings goal. Are you comfortable discussing that target number you have in mind, and can you tell me how I can support that?” Or another option could be you saying, “Hey, would you like to do the math yourself and then let me know how I can support that goal?” So those are just a couple of options.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, I mean, I’m not going to look a gift horse in the mouth. College is expensive now, and it’s only going to become even more expensive in the future. Even in-state tuition, where I live in Virginia, is often over $20,000 a year. That used to be the economical way to get a four-year degree, and now it’s also very, very expensive. So what’s it going to be like by the time my kid’s in college? I don’t know. A lot.
Sean Pyles:
I think we can confidently say more money.
Sara Rathner:
Confidently, we can say a whole lot more money.
I would want my friends to decide for themselves what they feel comfortable giving, because I don’t feel comfortable telling another person how they should allot their money because they have other competing financial goals and obligations. And I never want to tell another person what they can do with their money unless they specifically ask me to tell them what to do with their money, which nobody ever asks me.
Sean Pyles:
And you also don’t want to give the impression that your friends can’t look after their own family’s finances, right? That’s a bit of the awkwardness underlying the question, is you want to help someone that you care about and this child that you’re seeing grow up in the world, but you don’t want to impose your will upon them. It seems like our listener is being very thoughtful about that. And you don’t want to make it seem like you think they aren’t doing enough.
Sara Rathner:
Right, or you think their kids should go to a four-year private university because that’s what you value, but maybe the parents have other values that they want to impart upon their child as the kid grows up, and then the kid will go off and do their own thing as a young adult.
In my case, we have a 529 for our son. We have family members who’ve contributed money. They’ve just written checks to us, and then we deposit it into our account that is tied to our 529 and then deposit the money into the 529.
Ultimately, when you contribute, you do go through the account owners, and that’s oftentimes parent or guardians. You are going to have to communicate with them because they’re ultimately the gatekeeper of that account. They are the owners, and then the child is the beneficiary.
Sean Pyles:
That actually brings up something that I wanted to talk about, which is who would own this account? The listener could in theory open up a 529 account on their own for this kid. But long-term, it’s probably going to be easier if the parents are the owners of the account, because that way when the kid is eventually ready to go to college or trade school or what have you, the parent can be the one managing those distributions.
Personally, I know as a friend, as much as I love my friends and my friends’ kids, I don’t want to have to manage that down the road. So that’s something else that they should think about when they’re talking about this with their friends.
Sara Rathner:
I definitely agree with talking to the parents and ultimately contributing to an account that the parents or guardians are in charge of.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Elizabeth, do you have any final thoughts around 529s and helping your friend’s kids afford college?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I think we have given some very juicy tips here and only two more things come to mind, which is one, while it’s noble to contribute to your friend’s kids or loved one’s kids’ 529 account, please take advantage of any state income tax deductions that you might be eligible for. The rules around this can be muddy. And I know the original listener who asked this question lives in a different state than where he’s contributing, but sometimes you’re able to get a deduction depending on the state that you live in. So if you can get money back, I mean, why not?
My second thing that I’ll say is that if your loved one doesn’t have a number in mind, guide them to a college savings calculator or run the numbers together over coffee if they’re open to doing that.
Sean Pyles:
Great. Well, thank you so much for coming on and talking with us.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I loved it. Thank you for having me.
Sean Pyles:
And that is all we have for this episode. If you have a money question of your own, turn to the Nerds and call or text us your question at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected].
Visit nerdwallet.com/podcast for more info on this episode. And remember to follow, rate, and review us wherever you’re getting this podcast.
Sara Rathner:
This episode was produced by Sean Pyles and myself. Kevin Berry and Tess Vigeland helped with editing. Sara Brink mixed our audio. And a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all of their help.
And here’s our brief disclaimer:
We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances.
Sean Pyles:
And with that said, until next time, turn to the Nerds.
Looking for the best business ideas for kids? Finding business ideas for kids is a great way for them to learn about starting their own business, being responsible, and understanding money from a young age. They get to understand how to set goals, handle money, and feel the joy of earning their own extra income….
Looking for the best business ideas for kids?
Finding business ideas for kids is a great way for them to learn about starting their own business, being responsible, and understanding money from a young age. They get to understand how to set goals, handle money, and feel the joy of earning their own extra income.
Whether it’s in the summer, after school, or on weekends, having a small business can be a fun and educational thing to start.
I did many different things as a kid to make extra money, and they all taught me so much. There are many different ways for kids to make money, as you will learn below.
Best Small Business Ideas for Kids
Here are the best business ideas for kids to start.
1. Sell arts and crafts
If your kid enjoys being creative and making things with their hands, selling arts and crafts can be a great business idea for them. It’s not only fun but can also help them earn some money.
Here are some crafts kids can make and sell:
Bead jewelry – They can make necklaces and bracelets with colorful beads.
Homemade candles – Candles are simple to make and can be sold to people who like to add a cozy feel to their homes.
Paintings – If they like to paint or draw, they can create artwork to sell.
Slime – Slime is really popular and fun to play with. Kids can make and sell their own slime in different colors and maybe even add things like glitter to make it unique.
Pet toys – If they love animals, they could make toys for pets. Choose materials that are safe for animals and design toys that pets would enjoy.
Soap – Homemade soap is always nice to have, and people love to buy it. This can be a fun item to make on their own.
Stickers – Everyone loves stickers and this can be a fun way to make extra money on Etsy or in person.
Recommended reading: 16 Best Things To Sell On Etsy To Make Money
2. Tutoring
If your child is really good at a subject like math or science, they can start a tutoring business. They can help other kids who might find those subjects tough.
Tutoring is something they can do after school when they’re finished with their own homework. It’s a great way to use what they know to help others and even make some money.
Learn more at The Best Online Tutoring Jobs.
3. Babysitter
If your child loves being around kids, babysitting can be a great way to start their journey into the world of small businesses for kids. It’s not just about watching kids; it’s about creating a fun and safe environment while parents are away.
Your child’s reputation is important, and they can start with their neighbors or family friends who already know and trust them.
To decide what they should charge, you can look at what other babysitters charge in your area, but consider how much experience your kid has.
I recommend having your child learn about basic first aid and child care, and you can find classes through community centers or the Red Cross.
Babysitting is what I did the most of as a kid. It was my first full-time job, actually. Starting at the age of 14, I was working around 40 hours per week in the summer taking care of a baby in my neighborhood (I found the babysitting ad on a local bulletin board!). I earned $10 per hour. The mother was a nurse, so I was working about 13 hours per day for a few days each week.
4. Pet sitting and dog walking
If your kid loves animals, starting a pet care service or dog walking business could be perfect for them. It’s more than just a job; it’s a way to care for pets when their owners can’t.
In this job, you might look after pets either at your own home (called pet boarding) or take care of them at their home.
Depending on their age, your child may walk the dog for 15 to 30 minutes a day, or more.
I was recently looking at a local bulletin board, and a parent put up an ad for their 10-year-old to walk dogs. The parent would be there as well (to ensure the safety of both the child and pet, of course), but it was a small business idea that the kid wanted to start. If your child is a little older, they may be able to do this on their own as well.
5. Lemonade stand
Starting a lemonade stand is more than just a fun activity; it can be their first step for starting a business as a kid!
Your child will probably want to start with a simple recipe, as lemonade does not have to be hard. They can try different flavors, like strawberry, to make your stand unique.
They will need pitchers, cups, ice, and a table.
Work out how much each glass of lemonade costs to make, and then decide on a price that makes a little profit but is still affordable for customers.
6. Mow lawns
Mowing lawns is a great way to start a small business as a kid. It’s simple to get going, and kids can make money during spring and summer.
They’ll need a lawn mower, fuel, and basic gardening tools.
Next, it’s time to set rates. Figure out how much to charge for each yard. A good plan is to look at what others charge and then set a competitive price.
Your kid can talk to neighbors, family, and friends to find new lawn mowing jobs.
I know many, many families who have kids who mow lawns to make money. I also know several people who have older kids who have turned this into a full-time business that has grown with them as an adult.
7. Rake leaves
Raking leaves is a great business idea, especially during the fall. Trees drop their leaves and many homeowners need help gathering and disposing of them.
To get started, your kid will need to have a sturdy rake, bags for leaf collection, and a pair of gloves to keep their hands clean and protect them from blisters.
8. Shovel snow
If you live in a place where snow falls, a kid can make money by shoveling snow. This job is great if they enjoy being outdoors and don’t mind the cold. Start by asking family and neighbors if they need help clearing their driveways and walkways.
They will need a few things to start:
A shovel: This is the main tool, of course!
Warm clothes and gloves: Stay warm while they work.
Your kid can hand out flyers or tell friends to spread the word. Social media can be a big help too. A simple post can let everyone in your neighborhood know that your kid is ready to help clear the snow.
9. Birthday party assistant
If your kid likes being around kids and celebrations, becoming a birthday party assistant could be a fun way for them to earn money.
They will help set up decorations (balloons, banners, and table settings), organize games (such as being ready to lead a game of musical chairs or a treasure hunt), and make sure the party runs smoothly (they might help serve cake and snacks to the little guests.).
10. Start a YouTube channel
Starting a YouTube channel can be exciting. If your child is under 13, remember, they can’t have their own account. But with a parent’s help, they can still share videos.
Your child can pick something they love, whether it’s science experiments, video game walkthroughs, or crafting tutorials.
They will want to post videos regularly – maybe post once a week to start.
Remember, it’s all about doing something fun and sharing what they love. Starting a YouTube channel takes work, but if they stick with it, they could make something really cool.
11. Lifeguard
If your child is looking for a responsible way to earn some extra cash, becoming a lifeguard could be a way to make money.
Not only does this gig teach important life-saving skills but it also teaches them responsibility and discipline. Many local pools or community centers offer lifeguard certification courses, giving them an excellent opportunity for young entrepreneurs to get valuable training.
Running a small lifeguard business can be a win-win situation for kids and the community. They can sell their services to local events, pool parties, or even provide private swimming lessons.
Note: In most states, you need to be at least 15-years-old to become a lifeguard.
12. Start a greeting cards business
Starting a greeting card business is something your kid can have fun with and get their creative juices flowing! They can make cards for birthdays, holidays, thank you, congratulations, or just to say hello.
They will need:
Art supplies, like colored pencils and markers
Cardstock or heavy paper
A printer (if they’re printing designs)
Digital design software like Canva (this is optional)
They could start by selling to family and friends or at school events. As they grow, they could try selling them at local markets or even online.
13. Neighborhood helper
As a neighborhood helper, they can sell their services to people around your community. This is a great way to help others and earn some money.
Your child can sell services such as:
Car washing: Wash cars for people in the neighborhood for a shiny finish.
Grocery running: Offer to pick up groceries for those who can’t go themselves.
Gardening: Help maintain gardens by planting flowers or weeding.
Lawn care: Keep neighbors’ lawns neat by mowing them regularly.
Pet walking: Walk neighbors’ dogs when they’re busy or away.
To get started, your kid should make a list of what they’re good at and what they might enjoy doing. Then, let neighbors know about their services with flyers or tell them directly.
If you have many kids, they could even involve multiple family members so that each kid has their own specialty or niche as a neighborhood helper.
14. Reseller
Starting a small business as a reseller means buying products at a lower price and selling them for a profit. They don’t need to make their own things; instead, they can find good deals on items, then sell them to others for more than they paid.
They can get items from yard sales, thrift stores, or their own home.
They can sell online on places like Etsy or eBay, or at school events and local fairs.
Recommended reading: 16 Best Selling Apps For Selling Stuff Online And Locally
15. Voice artist
Becoming a voice artist can be an exciting way for kids to explore and share their talent. If they enjoy speaking and have a unique voice, this could be a fun business idea for them.
They can sell services for character voices for cartoons and animations, narration for audiobooks or educational videos, commercial voice-overs for ads and marketing materials, and more.
They will need to start with a good microphone and recording software on a computer. They can practice by reading out loud and recording their voice.
To find work, they can join online platforms like Fiverr, where people look for young voice talent.
Recommended reading: How To Become A Voice Over Actor
16. Actor
If your child is interested in acting, the first step is to take acting classes, which can help them learn the skills they need to act in plays, movies, or TV. These can be found online or at a business near you.
Once they have some skills, they can try out for local theater productions and school plays, and join their school’s drama club. Being part of a production gives them practical experience and shows them what it’s like to work with a director and other actors.
17. Sell candy
Starting a candy business can be both fun and rewarding. With a love for sweets and a little creativity, your child can turn their passion into profit.
Candy is something that I see children selling all the time, and it completely makes sense – everyone loves candy! So, it is an easy item to sell.
They can sell homemade treats like chocolate-covered pretzels or gummy bears. Or, if you prefer, you can buy popular brands in bulk and sell them individually.
Next, consider where they will sell the candy. They may be able to sell at school, neighborhood, or local community events, and you should always ask for permission when selling in public areas or on someone else’s property.
Pricing the candy is important. You’ll want to make sure your kid covers the cost of what was spent and adds a little extra for their profit. Selling candy for $2 or $3 can make it easy for customers to buy without thinking twice.
18. Start a blog
If your kid is interested in working online, then they may want to try starting a blog. It doesn’t take a lot of money to get started, and it can teach a kid a lot about how to run a website.
I have met many teens over the years who have started a blog, and I think it’s a great small business idea!
Whether they want to share their hobbies, interests, or personal experiences, a blog gives them a platform to be creative and communicate.
Other business ideas for kids related to this include starting accounts on social media platforms like Instagram and Twitter, and starting a podcast.
Recommended reading: How To Start A Blog Free Course
19. Deliver newspapers
Newspaper delivery is a classic way for children to earn some money. It’s a job that can fit well into their schedule before or after school. Plus, they can get good exercise at the same time!
It’s usually pretty simple: they take newspapers and deliver them to people’s homes.
When I was younger, I had a friend who had a delivery route. Once, I went along with her and helped her deliver some newspapers. It was hard work but she ran it smoothly!
If your kid is interested in this job, start by checking with local newspapers. Call them and ask if they’re looking for delivery helpers. Some things they might need:
A bicycle or a reliable way to get around the delivery area quickly
A bag or basket to hold the newspapers as they deliver them
An early morning start if the paper is a morning edition
To dress for the weather, since they will be outside
They will learn responsibility by making sure the newspapers are delivered on time.
Sometimes there may be age limits, so if your child is younger, they might need to get a work permit. But often, kids as young as 11 or 12 can start with a bit of paperwork.
20. Sell used toys
Recently, I was on Facebook, and a parent was helping their child host a garage sale. They were letting their child take control of most of the sale, but the parent was posting about it in the group to get more traffic to their yard sale.
They were selling the kid’s used toys to help them declutter and make some extra money. I thought this was a great idea!
Kids can learn the basics of entrepreneurship by organizing and pricing their toys for sale. This activity not only teaches them about value assessment but also introduces the concept of supply and demand as they observe which toys are more popular among buyers.
People pay good money for used toys all the time, so this can be a great side hustle to get into.
21. Face painting
Face painting can be a fun and profitable small business venture for kids who love art and painting. They can start by setting up a face painting booth at local events or birthday parties.
Running a face painting business encourages kids to develop their entrepreneurial skills, from marketing their services to managing customer interactions.
22. Recycling collector
Kids who care about the environment can turn it into a business by collecting recyclables. With a passion for keeping things green, they can offer to gather recyclables from neighbors, schools, or local businesses.
This not only helps the environment but also teaches kids about reducing waste and recycling.
23. Vending machines
I have been seeing more and more parents starting vending machine businesses for their children.
Getting kids into the entrepreneurial world by running vending machines can be an interesting and educational small business idea. Whether they decide to place machines in school common areas or local community spaces, managing a vending business can help teach children valuable lessons in supply and demand, handling inventory, and understanding customer preferences.
Running vending machines also gives kids a chance to learn about financial responsibility as they handle income, expenses, and profit calculations.
Recommended reading: How To Start A Vending Machine Business
Frequently Asked Questions
In this section, you’ll find answers to common questions about starting a business as a kid.
What is a good business to start as a kid?
Starting a business that fits into their hobbies and interests makes a good choice. For instance, if they like technology, they might try starting a blog or YouTube channel. If they love the outdoors, then a lawn mowing or gardening business might be a better fit.
How can a kid make $100 dollars fast?
A kid can make $100 fast by selling their old toys or clothing items that they already have. You, the parent, can help them organize a yard sale or gather their items to sell in a Facebook buy/sell group.
What can kids sell to make money?
Kids can sell a lot of different things to make money, such as jewelry, paintings, greeting cards, homemade cookies, lemonade, used toys, and more.
What kind of businesses can young students start at school?
They can start businesses at school like a pencil and eraser store, a book swap service, or a snack bar (if the school allows it). Just remember to check in with the school’s rules to make sure their business idea is allowed on the school campus.
What steps can a child take to start their own business?
Here are steps a child can take to start their own small business:
Identify interests and skills – This will help them find a business idea that they actually like.
Research business ideas – Research different small business ideas suitable for kids and think about factors like their age, skills, and the resources available.
Create a business plan – Develop a simple business plan outlining the business idea, target audience, products or services offered, and basic strategies for marketing and sales.
Learn basic business – Introduce the child to basic business concepts such as budgeting, pricing, and customer service, and this can be done through discussions, educational resources, and more.
Decide on pricing – Teach your child about pricing by thinking about the cost of materials, time, and possibly profit. This helps them understand the value of their products or services.
Market the business – Your child could create posters, use social media with parental supervision, or spread the word within the local community such as by placing an ad on a local bulletin board.
Provide good customer service – I highly recommend making sure that you teach your child the importance of treating customers with respect and giving great service as this can lead to repeat business and word-of-mouth referrals.
Track finances – Teach the child basic financial management, including tracking income and expenses.
Celebrate achievements – Celebrate small victories and milestones to keep the child motivated and proud of their entrepreneurial journey.
Throughout this process, parental involvement is so important. Parents can guide, supervise, and provide a supportive environment for the child’s business, making sure it is a positive and educational experience (and safe!).
Can a 9 year old make a small business?
At around 9 years old, they can start businesses that use creativity and simple skills. For example, making greeting cards or friendship bracelets.
What business can a 10 year old make?
There are many things that a 10-year-old can do to make extra money. A 10-year-old can start a lemonade stand, sell crafts, do yard work, and more.
How can an 11 year old make cash?
There are many things that an 11-year-old can do to make extra money. An 11-year-old can rake leaves, walk dogs, sell baked goods like cupcakes, and more.
What are some simple business ideas for children under 12?
Younger kids can think about businesses like lemonade stands, which are simple to set up and manage. They also might create and sell craft items or start a pet sitting service for neighbors if they enjoy spending time with animals.
How can a teenager make money online?
A teen can make money online by blogging, offering online tutoring services, selling printables on Etsy, reselling items online, and more. I recommend reading 17 Online Jobs For Teens To Make Money to learn more.
How can children stay safe when starting a business?
When starting a small business as a kid, it’s important to think about safety and the rules they need to follow. For safety, always make sure they have an adult they trust to help watch over their business. If they’re selling something like food or crafts, make sure everything they use is safe and won’t hurt anyone.
For legal aspects, different places have different rules for businesses. They might need to ask for permission from someone (like you, the parent) or maybe need a permit.
They also need to make sure they have supervision, which means having an adult around to help them out and make sure everything’s going right. Monitoring what they are doing online, if they are dealing with customers, can be very smart because you never know who they are selling to or talking with.
Small Business Ideas for Kids – Summary
I hope you enjoyed this blog post about small business ideas for kids.
From traditional ways to make extra money like running a lemonade stand or mowing lawns to more modern business ideas like making and selling crafts or starting a YouTube channel, the possibilities for kid-run businesses are plentiful.
Starting a business as a kid can teach children valuable problem-solving and life skills. With the proper guidance and help, there are many different good business ideas that a kid can start.
I have been earning my own money from a young age, and it has taught me so much. I highly recommend helping your kids do the same!
An acceptance letter is a college’s formal invitation for you to enroll in their programs as a student. Depending on the type of admission you applied for, letters will be delivered from December through April. Once received, you have the option to accept or decline the offer.
Financial aid offer letters may look similar to an acceptance letter, but differ in key points. Financial aid offer letters, also known as award letters, will outline financial aid (if any) and a summary of the cost of attendance. Generally, an acceptance letter and an offer letter are sent together. In some cases, though, offer letters may be sent after acceptances.
Read on to learn more about what an acceptance letter is, what an offer letter is, when to expect an acceptance letter, and how to respond to an acceptance letter.
Basic Definition of an Acceptance Letter
Acceptance letters will generally contain the three following components:
1. A university’s offer to enroll and reasons the applicant stood out.
2. Details about on-campus events for prospective students.
3. Important deadlines and information on ancillary documents, such as a financial offer letter.
Students who apply for regular decisions generally receive their decision letters in March and April, but early decision and early action decision letters may be sent as soon as December.
Offer Letter vs Acceptance Letter for College
As mentioned, an acceptance letter details whether or not a student has been admitted into a specific college. Financial aid offer letters, also known as financial aid award letters, break down the tuition cost, scholarships and grants awarded, work-study programs offered, and federal student loan options available.
In order to apply for federal financial aid, students are required to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA®, annually. The information provided on the FAFSA helps determine the types of aid, and aid amounts, that students qualify for.
Scholarships and grants are funds awarded to students that do not need to be repaid. Loans are either provided by the government or a private entity and are repaid by the borrower, though only federal student loans would be included as a part of a student’s federal aid package. Work-study is a federal program that offers employment to students who qualify and have filed a FAFSA.
Furthermore, colleges use the information provided on the FAFSA to determine awards based on needs and merit.
In cases when federal aid isn’t enough to pay for college, students may consider private student loans to help fill in funding gaps. Keep in mind, though, that private student loans aren’t necessarily afforded the same borrower protections as federal loans — things like income-driven repayment plans or deferment options. That is why private student loans are generally only considered after all other options have been depleted.
College Acceptance Letter
College Offer Letter
• Formal acceptance into college program
• Excludes Cost of Attendance (COA) info
• Shares details of optional prospective student campus events
• Contains important deadlines, usually the date to accept/decline the offer to enroll
• Sent with or after acceptance letter
• Outlines Cost of Attendance (COA)
• Shares details of scholarships and grants awarded, as well as suggested loans
• Contains deadline to accept/decline financial offer
💡 Quick Tip: Fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee SoFi private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.
College Acceptance Letter Dates
College application deadlines vary by college and so will college acceptance letter dates. Furthermore, acceptance letters are sent out on dates depending on the type of application you submitted: regular, early action, restrictive early action, or early decision.
Applying for college early is one way prospective students can complete the application and acceptance process on an early timeline. It can be a path for those who have researched colleges thoroughly and want to get into a specific college.
Early action gives you a chance to apply to several colleges at once. Restrictive early action typically allows you to apply early to a single college, with the exception of public universities. Applicants who choose these routes are not obligated to accept their offer if admitted.
Early decision applicants apply to one school early decision and, if accepted, are required to commit. If an early decision applicant is accepted, they must withdraw their application from all other schools.
Additionally, some schools offer a more flexible rolling admission process. Instead of waiting to evaluate applications after specific deadlines, schools review applications as they are submitted (on a rolling basis). Generally, they’ll continue accepting applications until all of the open slots in their program are filled.
This table provides an overview of the types of applications, their general deadlines, and information on when students may accept a decision. Keep in mind that these dates are broad guidelines, and students should confirm all deadlines with the schools of interest.
Application
Application Deadline
Decision Dates (General)
Regular Decision
December, January, February
March-April
Early Action
November
December-January
Restrictive Early Action
November
December
Early Decision
November 1-15 (some December and January)
December-January
Rolling Admission
Varies by school
Typically within four to six weeks of submitting an application
When Do College Acceptance Letters Arrive?
Depending on the type of application, your college acceptance letter will arrive between December and April. Financial aid offer letters will be sent with or may follow acceptance letters.
What Does a College Acceptance Letter Say?
A college letter of acceptance will share the admission decision and may offer a list of upcoming events, such as when orientation will take place. It will also contain a deadline for you to submit a final decision.
The Decision
The first paragraph gets straight to the point: you’re in! It may also detail why you stood out from other applicants.
Prospective Student Events
Your letter may contain information on upcoming event dates and inform you on incoming ancillary documents, such as your financial offer letter.
Acceptance Deadline
The last portion of your letter will have important deadlines, including the date to accept the college’s offer. May 1st has become widely known as the deadline for students to make decisions about the college they’ll enroll in. Keep in mind that while this is a popular date for decision deadlines, colleges may have their own deadlines and applicants who applied early may have an earlier deadline.
Recommended: 7 Tips to Prepare for College Decision Day
How to Respond to College Acceptance Letter
Colleges inform students electronically, both online and by mail, or by mail only.
Some colleges will send forms to formally decline or accept their offer. Others may have you submit your decision via an online portal.
Be sure to educate yourself and stay connected to your top choice colleges’ admissions offices on how to respond to their college acceptance letter and to prevent missing important communications.
1. Weigh Your Options
College tuition is rapidly increasing — and can play a major role in your decision.
Compare financial offer letters to determine the best deal. If a college offers more aid, but has a substantial cost, then another college with less aid and a smaller price tag might impact your decision.
There are no standard offer letter forms, so cross-checking their website with your offer letter and getting advice can be helpful. You can also follow up with college admissions offices with your questions.
2. Choose Which College You Want to Attend
Of course, other factors will weigh into your decision-making. According to publisher Princeton Review , students are split nearly down the middle on how they choose colleges: 40% say they choose a college based on “best for their career interests,” and 40% say they choose a college that is the “best overall fit.”
You can break down your decision even further with the following questions:
• How strong is the academic rigor of the program I’m pursuing? Is the program a fit for me?
• How important is the location to me?
• What stands out to me about the campus culture?
• Is this institution the right fit for my financial situation?
• Does it have strong career preparation programs and resource offices?
Choosing a college will take time. But with research and guidance, you can have more confidence in making your final decision.
3. Find Funding for the School You Choose
Financial aid from schools, private entities, and the government may help put an expensive college within reach. If your top choice is not fully covered by out-of-pocket finances and other sources of financial aid, applying for a private student loan is an option.
Also, getting a job during the summer or working while in school can help with tuition and daily needs.
Recommended: How to Pay for College
4. Decline Other College Acceptance Letters
Once you’ve accepted a school offer, be sure to notify other colleges that accepted you right away. This enables them to offer your spot to waitlisted prospective students.
The Takeaway
Your college admission acceptance letter and financial aid offer letter are key to deciding your next steps. From as early as December until April, you may receive college decision letters. Unless you applied early decision, waiting to receive all college acceptance letters can help you evaluate your options.
Funding your education will be one of the most important decisions you make. Compare your financial aid offer letters to determine which school offers the best value. Most colleges will give you until May 1 to accept or decline their offer and financial aid package (if any).
If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.
Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.
Photo credit: iStock/Adene Sanchez
SoFi Private Student Loans Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.
SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
The investing information provided on this page is for educational purposes only. NerdWallet, Inc. does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks, securities or other investments.
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn investment and tax strategies to help you achieve financial security and prepare for a prosperous retirement.
How can you balance saving for emergencies and investing for the future? What strategies can you employ to maximize your tax benefits and build a secure financial future? NerdWallet’s Kim Palmer and Alana Benson discuss investment strategies and tax planning to help you understand how to navigate your financial journey effectively. They begin with a discussion of investment strategies, with tips and tricks on understanding different investment accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, leveraging compound interest, and the importance of starting investments early. Then, Alana discusses tax planning and filing in-depth, covering the intricacies of different tax forms like W-4s and W-2s, the significance of estimated taxes for freelancers, and strategies for managing capital gains taxes.
Kim and Alana delve into retirement planning and the challenges of active versus passive investing. They provide a framework for prioritizing your finances, emphasizing the creation of an emergency fund, taking advantage of employer 401(k) matches, and understanding the role of asset allocation based on age and risk tolerance. Additionally, they tackle the decision-making process in personal finance, such as choosing between paying off debt and investing, and the pros and cons of having a financial advisor.
Check out this episode on your favorite podcast platform, including:
NerdWallet stories related to this episode:
Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
Hey listener, we’ve got a special episode in store for you today. Our investing and tax Nerds recently hosted a webinar going deep into how you can level up your investing and tax strategy. So we packaged that up into a podcast episode for you. The Nerds talk about what you need to know about different investing accounts, how to get help with your taxes and more. So here’s the webinar.
Kim Palmer:
Welcome everyone. I am Kim Palmer. I’m a personal finance writer at NerdWallet where we help people make smart decisions. One important note, we are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. NerdWallet Inc is not an investment advisor or broker and does not provide personal financial advisory services. Today we are excited to talk to you about the basics of investing and taxes and we think we have some helpful info to share with you. You can always find more at nerdwallet.com or on the NerdWallet app. Our goal today is to kick off a helpful discussion about investing and tax information and tools. Alana Benson writes about investing topics including stocks, funds, and ethical investing. And now I will hand it over to Alana.
Alana Benson:
Thanks Kim. Hi everyone. Thank you for joining us today. So before we start, I just want to say a couple of things that often get forgotten when we’re talking about investing. So first, investing usually comes second to some other goals. If you’re having a hard time paying for necessities or you don’t have an emergency fund, it’s really important to focus on those things before we even start worrying about investing. Second, instead of scrimping, try to increase your income. So I didn’t start investing until I was in my late 20s, and that’s because one, I didn’t work at NerdWallet yet, so I literally didn’t know anything. And two, I was making around $25,000 a year, so I didn’t have much expendable income. And when you don’t have extra income, it’s really hard to prioritize investing and it just might not even be a good idea to do that.
When I started making more money, it was suddenly a lot more possible for me to invest for retirement. So if it’s possible for you and you want to be investing more, look for jobs that will pay you more or look into side hustles, but cutting back on your streaming services probably will not save you enough money for retirement. And finally, if you don’t have the money to invest now, that’s totally fine. Some people have serious money anxieties and others just don’t have the cash. Whatever your reason is, don’t stress too much about it. Just keep learning and when you’re able to, you can start investing. So why do we invest? What is the point of all this? And the answer is that it’s because we like money and that’s okay. There’s no shame in admitting it, I like money, most people like money. It’s because money isn’t just money. It’s not like Scrooge McDuck diving into pools of money and buying Maseratis. It’s not that.
It’s about not being stressed about your money all the time and it’s about being able to buy everything that you need and some stuff that you want comfortably without having money stress take up all of your energy. Money allows us to thrive instead of just survive and investing helps you make more money than you could ever possibly make just by working at a job. So okay, what actually is investing? This whole process is very strange. Okay. Investing is the process of money that you already have making additional money for you. And this works through what’s called compound interest. Compound interest means that your gains get a little bit bigger every year and that’s also why starting when you’re younger gives you a huge advantage and more money in the long run. So for example, you just start at that little number one in the box up there. Say you buy an investment for $100, if it goes up the average stock market return of 10%, it could then be worth $110, meaning that you’ve made $10.
Then that $10 that you earned also starts earning compound interest on top of the $100 you initially invested. That doesn’t sound like much of a profit, but imagine if you were doing it with way larger amounts of money over a way longer period of time. Now that 10% is an annualized rate, which means that you’re not going to get 10% every single year. In all likelihood, some years you’re going to finish up, some years you’ll finish down. But over the course of decades when you average all that out, you tend to get about 10%. The way you actually start investing is through an investing account. And there’s a couple of different types, but the type of investment account you have is actually really, really important because a lot of them have some pretty significant tax benefits that you want to take advantage of. So you’ve got your 401(k)s and these are offered through your employer. You add money to it and sometimes your employer matches it. So it’s basically free money. If you have a 401(k), you’ll likely choose your investments from a pre-selected list or a fund that will automatically adjust itself over time.
So this means 401(k)s are typically very hands off. IRAs on the other hand are investment accounts that you open up yourself. IRAs can be opened online through brokerages and actually at a lot of large banks, they also do that. So it’s likely you can open up an investment account just through your bank. Unlike with a 401(k), IRAs you’ll have to choose your own investments in those accounts. You may have heard about a thing called a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) and it’s good if you know the difference. So with a Roth, you pay taxes on your money now just like any other money that you earn and then the money you have invested inside that account grows tax-free and you can take it out tax-free in retirement. With a traditional IRA or 401(k), the money you contribute today is pre-tax.
So that is you get to deduct it from your income taxes this year. So it’s like a nice little treat this year, but then when you cash it out in retirement, you’ll owe income taxes on it. This is really, really important. I’ve seen a lot of people make this mistake. Your investment account is not an investment, so a Roth IRA, a 401(k), not an investment. So if you have a Roth IRA, that’s great, but that doesn’t mean you’re actually invested in anything. So you fund your investment account and then you buy investments from there. But I’ve heard of people opening a Roth IRA, putting in a bunch of money and then wondering why it didn’t grow over the last 10 years. So you have to purchase investments for your money to actually grow and if you don’t do it, you’ll miss out on all of those years of growth, so very important.
And there’s a couple different types of investments that you can choose from once you open and fund your investment account. So you’ve got stocks, I’m sure everyone’s heard of that, these are shares of ownership in companies and the way you make money from them is if they go up in value and some pay you a cut of the company’s profits on a regular basis. Then you’ve got bonds. This is when you loan money to companies or the government and they pay you interest. Funds, now these are very exciting because they’re basically just baskets of stocks and bonds that you buy all at once. So a fund is still a stock or bond based investment depending on the type of fund that you get. And there’s a lot of different kinds such as index funds or exchange traded funds and mutual funds, but they’re all collections of investments that you buy at one time.
And I think funds are pretty awesome because if you own a stock and that company goes out of business, you lose all of your money. But if you invest in a fund that covers 100 stocks and that same stock goes out of business, your investment is buoyed up by the other 99 companies. So again, all of these investments, stocks, bonds and funds, you buy them from your investment account and then you own them in there. All right, so let’s talk about the stock market, it’s this weird nebulous term that’s hard to understand. But the stock market is just where people buy and sell investments, but now people just trade investments online. So the stock market is made up of several what are called market indexes. Now these are basically just predetermined lists of companies and the performance of that overall list can tell us a lot about the health of the US economy.
So for example, the S&P 500, something you probably have all heard of, that’s just the list of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the US and it includes companies like Apple and Amazon. So when we say the stock market is down today, that means that on average most of those companies aren’t doing well. And you can’t invest in the literal stock market, but you can invest in funds that include all the same investments. So these are called index funds because they track a market index. So again, if you have an S&P 500 index fund, it should perform pretty closely to how the S&P 500 itself is actually performing. The S&P 500 goes up 10% a year on average and 6.5% after inflation. And this is just an average, so some years the market goes up more, some years it goes down less, but when done well, investing can potentially mean doubling your money every few years for doing basically nothing, which is my favorite way of earning money, by doing nothing. It’s great.
So let’s talk strategy. This is all about the way that you invest, when you put your money in and when you take your money out. So passive investing is where you buy that S&P 500 index fund and you keep adding money into it until you retire. It’s very boring, but it’s effective. So it can give you that 10% return on average over the long haul, but a lot of people want to make more than that 10%, and they do so by actively buying and selling stocks, crypto options and other high risk investments. They try to predict when they’ll be low, then they buy them and then they turn around and try to sell them when they’re high. So these people are called active traders or day traders. Only 20% of active traders make money over a six-month period. That is not a lot of people.
There have been a lot of studies over the years that show that active investing is a way less lucrative fashion than boring old passive investing with that index fund. Plus active investing is a lot more work, you have to do all kinds of research and you keep an eye on the markets and you can hypothetically earn more by actively trading versus passively earning the same amount as that historical return of 10%. But most people end up making less when they actually try it, and that’s because people are really bad at predicting things. And in order to make money on the overall stock market over the long term, you have to be really good at predicting things all the time. So maybe you make it big on one stock, but the odds of that happening again and again are very low. So let’s put all of this information together, the accounts, the actual investments and the strategy.
Here’s how financial advisors suggest you prioritize your money when you’re starting to invest. So the first thing you want to do is you’re not actually going to invest at all. The first thing is that you’re going to have an emergency fund. So this is money that you won’t actually put in the stock market, and that’s because when your money is invested, its value can change day by day. So say you have $1,000 and you want to use it for an emergency fund, but you invest it, when you have to fix something on your car suddenly, you go to check your money and its value could be $600 instead of $1,000 and that’s not good. If you put it in a high yield savings account, you can access that money at any time without risking its value. Plus right now the interest rates are really high.
So your money could be earning 4 to 5% just by sitting there. So next, you want to get that 401(k) match if it’s available to you because it’s free money. After that, it’s a good idea to look into IRAs. Both IRAs and 401(k)s have what’s called a contribution limit, which is just the maximum amount of money you can put in each of them every year. If you’re able to max out an IRA, then it’s a good call to move back to your 401(k). And the reason you switch around like that is because of the way the tax benefit works. So it’s likely more beneficial to invest in an IRA over a 401(k) if you’ve already gotten your match, if you have to choose between the two. Then if you max out your 401(k), you can move to a standard brokerage account. And this is not a list of everything you have to be doing right now.
You might be thinking, “Whoa, maxing out an IRA is $6,500, I cannot afford that”, and that is totally fine. So I like to picture it as a waterfall. So when you fill up your emergency fund, then you can start working on getting that 401(k) match. Only after that bucket is full should you then move on to investing in an IRA and so on. And wherever you’re at in your bucket filling journey is okay. It’s just nice to know what to do next when you’re ready for it. So we already talked about what accounts to invest from and the investments you can buy, but then do you just start buying a bunch of index funds or stocks or bonds? How do you know how much of each investment to get? And that is all about risk tolerance. And to understand that we have to understand how risk works over time.
If you’re investing for retirement and you’re in your 20s now, that means you have a ton of time for your investments to grow and then drop dramatically and then rise back up. So financial advisors would say you can afford to take on a bit more risk, AKA invest in riskier investments, because you have time for your investments to bounce back. Now, if you’re investing for your retirement and you’re 65, you don’t want to risk all the money you’ve been investing for years and years because you’re going to actually need to use it to pay for stuff in retirement pretty soon, so you want to protect it. And figuring out how much of each investment you should have is a fancy term called asset allocation, but it just means how much of your portfolio is in which of these investments.
And age is just a number, but typically when you’re younger, you may be able to afford to take more risk because you have more time for the stock market highs and lows to even out. So stocks, and okay, remember index funds and mutual funds are often made up of stocks so those count too, but those tend to carry more risk than investments like bonds. And an example of a 20-year-old’s investment portfolio, which includes all of your accounts so your 401(k), your Roth IRA, all of that together, that could be 100% stocks. And that’s fairly risky, but those 20 year olds are not going to retire for a long time. Now, a 65-year-old might have way more bonds because they don’t want to risk all that money they’ve earned over time. And one thing some investors do to mitigate risk is to slowly shift their asset allocation from high risk investments to low risk investments over time.
And again, I’m not a financial advisor and this is not personalized investment advice, but how much of each investment it’s good to have will usually depend on how much risk you are willing to take. And an investment portfolio can be really simple or really complicated. So you could have that one S&P 500 index fund and you purchase it from a Roth IRA, and that’s just all you do. Just if you want to keep it really simple or you can make it more complicated. So maybe you explore several stock-based funds such as international stocks and healthcare stocks and technology stocks, and you could invest in those types through a fund. So instead of buying 30 technology stocks, you just have one technology stock fund, then a small slice in bonds, and then an even smaller slice is crypto or other high risk investments. Though financial advisors have varying opinions on the safety of crypto.
So keep in mind, this is just an example and not necessarily what you should do personally, but it is really helpful to look up asset allocation portfolios through an online brokerage and see what they recommend for your specific age and when you plan on retiring. You can also talk with a financial advisor who can help guide you through those decisions. And investing is great because it can help you earn wealth, which you could spend on a boat, but more than likely one of your biggest investing goals will be retirement. And the sad truth is that in some things like retirement, they just cost so much that you’ll probably never afford them just by putting money in a savings account. And that’s why we say we have to invest for retirement. And the truth is that most people just aren’t saving enough for retirement.
So you’ll probably have a lot of expenses and you have to pay for that in retirement and some of it’s necessary like food or housing or medical care and some of it is travel or bucket list stuff, but you may not be working anymore or at least not as much as you were. And once you factor in inflation, it’s likely that a dollar today will be worth way less when you’re in retirement. And saving for retirement has gotten even more difficult because you can’t necessarily afford to live on social security. Medicare doesn’t always pay for your health needs and pensions aren’t really as common as they used to be. And because of all this, it’s really important to start investing for retirement sooner rather than later.
And if you’re early in your career, it might seem silly to worry about retiring right now, but if you start investing sooner, you actually spend less on retirement than if you start investing later in life overall and that’s because of compound interest. So our retirement calculator shows that if you start putting away $100 per month, that could grow to nearly $400,000 in 35 years. And it’s always good to know how much you should be trying to invest. When you have a long-term goal in mind, you want to know what that number is. So a retirement calculator can be a big help to figure that out, including NerdWallet’s retirement calculator. No shame, I’m going to plug it, but some financial advisors recommend saving 15% of your pre-tax income for retirement. So okay, let’s break that down. What does that look like?
So if you make $100,000 a year, again just because easy math, that would be $15,000 annually that you’re trying to save for retirement. But if you had a 5% match on your 401(k), you’d already be saving $10,000 a year between the $5,000 you make and the $5,000 your employer puts in. And then if you contributed another $5,000 to your Roth IRA, you’d already meet your target goal of saving $15,000 a year for retirement. You should also think about how much you can make during those peak earning years. If you’re younger, what career are you looking to have? You can look up what those wages tend to look like on a site like Glassdoor or ask someone in your life who is in that career path, and maybe do that tactfully because you’re asking about money. But figuring out what you want to be when you grow up may not be something you want to think about right now.
But to be honest, I studied English in college and no one told me about my job prospects. I figured that I would have to write a super famous book or be a teacher and you don’t have to have everything figured out now, but it doesn’t hurt to see how much a potential field could earn and figure out what careers are open to you. And just keep in mind that relationship between your earnings and investing like we talked about in the beginning. And if you’re later in your career, it is harder to take advantage of compound interest, but some of those investment accounts have those catch up contributions that we talked about so you’re able to contribute more after a certain age. Thank you all so much for listening to me talk very fast for a long time, and now I will hand it back over to Kim to talk about taxes. Thanks so much.
Kim Palmer:
Great, thank you so much, Alana. That was great. Someone actually asked in a pre-submitted question, “Why do I have to pay taxes?” Well, here is why. Taxes are used to pay for a lot of different things like clean water, roads, schools, healthcare, and the military. And your tax return is due every year in mid-April to the IRS. We’ll talk a little bit later about what to do if you need an extension, but in general that is the deadline. But first, let’s back up a little bit. When you file taxes, there is so much paperwork. One really important one is the W-4. That is the document that your employer asks you to fill out when you start a new job. And it plays a really big role in telling your employer how much in taxes to take out of each paycheck. It asks you things like your filing status, dependents, how much tax to withhold, and if you get a really big tax bill or a big refund, then you might want to go back and revisit your W-4 just to make sure you’re withholding enough but not too much.
There’s also the W-2, which is a document that your employer sends you to summarize how much in total they took out of your paycheck the previous year, and you’ll need to reference all those numbers when you file your tax return. If you are self-employed or you work a side hustle, then taxes won’t be automatically withheld from your paycheck, and that means you might have to pay something called estimated taxes, which is typically four times a year. In January, you’ll get something called a 1099 form that outlines how much money any company paid you, and then you’ll use that information when you file your return. And then finally, the 1040 is the main form you use when you file taxes, and we’ll drop a link in the chat for more about that. Okay, so you have all of your forms set. How do you actually file your taxes?
You can do it yourself through the IRS. You can use an online tax prep software or you can use a tax professional like an accountant or a tax preparer. If you do it on your own, you can either use paper forms or get access to brand name tax prep software through an IRS service called Free File. But it’s important to know that only people who make below a certain income qualify for the Free File program. If you use tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block or NerdWallet Taxes powered by Column Tax, many of these providers use a Q&A style to help you do your taxes and some even offer paid upgrades that connect you directly to a tax professional. If your finances are really complicated and you want some extra help, then you can also work with a tax preparer such as a certified public accountant.
You do want to make sure to ask them lots of questions and check their credentials before you agree to share your financial information. And you also want to check to see if they have a prepared tax identification number, which is an ID that’s required for anyone who files tax returns for compensation. The US does not have a flat tax system, and that means that portions of your income can be taxed at different rates. There are currently seven tax rates for federal income taxes that run from 10% to 37%. And which tax rate applies to you depends on your income and your filing status. So you might hear people say, “I’m in the 12% bracket” or “I’m in the 22% bracket”, but being in a tax bracket doesn’t mean you pay that tax rate on everything you make. And in reality, people’s income can fall into several different tax brackets depending on how much they make.
Portions or chunks of your income are taxed at different rates and some of those different taxes are then added together. So for example, some of your income could be taxed at a rate of 10%, another chunk could be at 12%. The more you make, the higher the tax rate might be on some of your income. And depending on the state where you pay your income taxes, you might pay a flat rate or a progressive rate similar to the federal structure. A small handful of states have no state income tax. If you want to pay less, you can look for tax breaks. Tax credits and tax deductions are two tools that can help you potentially minimize your tax bill, but they do work in different ways. Tax deductions reduce your taxable income. As a simplified example, a $25,000 tax deduction on $100,000 of taxable income means that only $75,000 of that income will get taxed.
Tax credits directly reduce your tax bill by the value of their credit. So this means if you owe $2,000 in taxes and you’re eligible for a $1,000 tax credit, you’ll end up owing $1,000. Tax credits tend to be more valuable because they have the potential to pack a bigger punch, so you definitely want to try to take all the tax credits you qualify for, and you could even get money back if a credit is refundable. Common tax credits include the earned income tax credit, the child tax credit, the lifetime learning credit, and the American opportunity credit and savers credit.
All right, I alluded to this at the beginning, but what happens if you’re not going to be ready by mid-April? What do you do? If you know you won’t be able to file on time before tax day, you can file for a free extension with the IRS and that gives you until mid-October to file your return. But you want to make sure that at least 90% of what you think you’ll owe in April is covered by an estimated tax payment or your withholdings. Otherwise, the IRS can hit you with a penalty for late payment. The failure to pay penalty is really no joke. It’s 0.5% of your unpaid taxes each month your payment is late plus interest. If you file late and you did not file an extension, you could also get hit with a failure to file penalty, which is 5% of your unpaid taxes each month that your payment is late. There is some good-ish news, if you file late but you don’t owe anything, you won’t get penalized but that doesn’t mean you’re not still obligated to file.
If you don’t, the IRS could file a return on your behalf and you might miss out on a refund if you’re owed one. And if your tax bill is so high that you can’t pay it off, you do have options. You can set up a long-term or short-term payment plan with the IRS.
I know that was a whole lot of information and taxes can seem scary, but we break down lots of popular tax questions and terms on nerdwallet.com. We have some time to address some pre-submitted questions from the audience ranging from about Roth IRAs to the pros and cons of having a financial advisor. And I do want to give a reminder here as we answer these questions that we are not tax or investing advisors. We are writers who focus on these fields and what we say is not investing or tax advice. So with that said, let’s dive into these questions. A question that came to us in an email was: how do you choose between paying off credit card debt and investing in saving for emergencies?
I really love this question because I think it speaks to some of the biggest challenges of personal finance, navigating these choices. And the answer is it’s really up to you. Many financial advisors say that the first step is to create a starter emergency fund, and you can read more in our article that we’ll link to, Should I Pay Off Debt Or Save? And you’ll see most people think about saving $500 to $1,000 first and then after that to consider contributing enough to a workplace retirement plan if they have access to one, and then contributing 3% to 5% of income to an IRA or a Roth IRA. And then financial advisors say people can consider focusing on paying off high interest debt and amp up investing efforts once they have paid that off. And now Alana, I’ll turn over to you. Perhaps you can answer the questions about Roth IRAs.
Alana Benson:
Absolutely. So a couple folks were wondering, before we went over everything, what a Roth IRA is and how does it work and when is it worth it to open one? So we already covered this a little bit, but again, it’s an individual retirement account and it lets you contribute money that you’ve already paid taxes on. So think about when you get your paycheck. That money has already had taxes taken out of it. So once you hit age 59 and a half and you have held the Roth IRA for at least five years, you can withdraw your contributions and any earnings, which is a fancy word for money that you earn from investing, without paying taxes again. And whether it’s worth it is up to you, especially if you’re trying to decide between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA because it’s about when you pay those taxes and if you have a traditional IRA, you do get that tax break right now.
So that’s a personal decision. But you can also take out money tax-free from your Roth IRA later in life. So if that’s something that you are really trying to parse out, it might be good to talk to a financial advisor because they can help you with that question. We had two other questions. The first one is: how do you calculate how much money to put in your Roth IRA if you make over the maximum amount? So we didn’t actually cover this, so Roth IRAs do have income limits, but there is something called a Backdoor Roth that lets you contribute money first to a traditional IRA, pay taxes on it and then roll that money into a Roth IRA. And then our last question is: what are the pros and cons of having a financial advisor and how do you find one?
This is such a good question. The pros and cons really depend on your situation. The catchall term ‘financial advisor’ is used to describe a wide variety of people and services, including investment managers, financial consultants, financial planners. First and foremost, you always want to verify a financial professional because financial advisor doesn’t require people to be vetted. Certain things like a certified financial planner or a CFP, those actually have a very high level of education and have a certification that you can verify online. So anyone that you are talking about money with, you want to make sure that you are vetting them. And some of these people can just talk to you about your finances and some of them can actually manage your investments for you if you want that. Financial advisors, depending on the kind that you choose, can be pretty expensive. A robo-advisor is like an AI version of a financial advisor.
You just set up an account for one and then they charge you a pretty modest fee. And based on your age and your risk tolerance, it will manage your investments for you. An online financial advisor can offer more services and you can actually talk to a human being, but those do tend to cost a little bit more. And then you could go to an in-person financial advisor, depending on their credentials, that might cost even more, but sometimes it’s really nice to talk to somebody that you know and you can grow that relationship with them over time.
Kim Palmer:
Great. Thank you, Alana. And I think, actually, I can squeeze in one more question that we received. How do taxes work with investment accounts? How much do we set aside so we aren’t surprised by a tax bill? Which is a great question. If you’re selling stocks from a brokerage investment account, then you should be aware of three words, capital gains taxes. Those are the taxes you’ll pay when you sell assets for profit. Assets that you have owned for more than a year are subject to long-term capital gains tax, and the capital gains tax rate is 0%, 15% or 20% on most assets. Capital gains taxes on assets held for a year or less are subject to short-term capital gains. If you regularly trade stocks or other investments, you might be subject to short-term capital gains.
Those profits are taxed as ordinary income based on your tax brackets, which we went over before. Your final tax bill depends on a number of different factors. If you don’t want to be surprised, estimate what you’ll owe using tools such as a tax calculator or IRS worksheets. If needed, consider setting aside enough to cover the tax bill or paying estimated taxes and as always, your specific situation will differ and we are not tax professionals. We hope that you enjoyed this webinar and learned something today. If you’d like to get even more clarity on your finances and continue learning with NerdWallet, consider signing up for an account with us at nerdwallet.com. Thank you so much for joining us.
Sean Pyles: And that’s all we have for this episode. To send the Nerds your money questions, call or text us on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. Here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. This webinar episode was produced by Alikay Wood, Sheri Gordon, and me. We had editing help from Liz Weston, Sara Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help. And with that said, until next time, turn the Nerds.