The real estate market is often characterized by ups and downs, with certain seasons being more popular for buying and selling homes than others. While the spring and summer months may traditionally steal the spotlight, homebuyers increasingly recognize the advantages of purchasing a home during the off-season. These are the often-overlooked benefits of buying a home during the real estate off-season.
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Reduced Competition
One of the most significant advantages of buying a home in the off-season is the reduced competition. With fewer buyers actively searching for homes, you’re less likely to find yourself in bidding wars or facing multiple offers on the same property. This diminished competition allows you to negotiate more effectively and potentially secure a better deal.
Motivated Sellers
During the off-season, sellers are often more motivated to close deals quickly. Whether they are relocating for work, downsizing, or have personal reasons prompting the sale, motivated sellers are likely to be more flexible when it comes to negotiations. This increased willingness to negotiate can translate into a lower purchase price, additional concessions, or favorable terms for the buyer.
Lower Prices
Historically, home prices have been known to dip during the off-season due to decreased demand. Sellers may be more willing to lower their asking prices to attract potential buyers and facilitate a faster sale. This affordability factor can be particularly appealing for budget-conscious homebuyers looking to maximize their investment.
Faster Closing Processes
The off-season often means a more streamlined real estate process. With fewer transactions taking place, mortgage lenders, real estate agents, and other professionals involved in the home buying process may have more time and resources to dedicate to your transaction. This can result in a smoother and faster closing process, saving you time and reducing stress.
Accurate Property Inspection
Off-season homebuyers have the advantage of inspecting properties under less-than-ideal weather conditions. This allows for a more accurate assessment of the property’s condition, including its performance during colder months. From checking the heating system to evaluating insulation, winter or rainy season inspections provide a comprehensive understanding of the home’s functionality throughout the year.
While the idea of house hunting in the off-season may seem unconventional, it comes with benefits that can make the experience more enjoyable and financially advantageous. By exploring the market during the off-season, you may just find your dream home at a dreamier price!
Are you looking for a home this winter?Give us a call today!One of the experienced real estate agents at Zoocasa is happy to help you along your exciting home-buying journey!
Both apartments and condominiums share quite a number of traits but differ in ownership. Apartments are often found in large residential complexes owned by a company. These complexes are often operated by professional property managers. Condos are also usually located in large residential complexes, but each condo unit is typically owned by an individual owner.
If you’re browsing the market for a rental, you’ve likely encountered a dazzling array of condos and apartments, and you might rent either type of property. The question of condo vs. apartment gets more complex if you’re debating whether to buy a condo or rent an apartment.
What Is a Condo?
A condo is a residential unit within a collective living community, where each individual condo is owned by a private owner, but the cost of maintaining communal areas is shared by all owners. While condos are often located in high-rise buildings, they can also take the form of a collection of standalone properties, each designated a “condo unit.”
One benefit to renting a condo is that you can deal directly with your landlord rather than a management office, which may mean more personalized attention for your needs.
For buyers, the purchase price for a condo can be significantly lower than the cost of most single-family homes. 💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.
What Is an Apartment?
An apartment is a rental unit within a building, complex, or community. Often, an apartment complex is managed by a property management company, which serves as both landlord and leasing agent for all of the units on the premises. In big cities, “apartment” is sometimes used as shorthand for a condo or co-op unit. If you’re choosing between a co-op and a condo to rent or buy, you’ll want to know how they differ, and whether you’re ready to buy an apartment.
Rental apartments may be located in high-rises but can also be found in larger homes that have been subdivided into separate units.
Renting an apartment offers greater mobility than buying a property, which makes it a flexible option if you’re only planning on staying in an area for a couple of years. A full-time management office or private landlord takes care of leasing, rent payments, and repairs.
Where They Differ
Now that we’ve covered the condo vs. apartment basics, let’s dive deeper into some key dimensions in where they differ.
Ownership
Each unit in a condo development is usually owned by a private homeowner. Unless the condo owner retains the services of a property manager, prospective renters can expect to deal with the condo owner directly when it comes to rental applications, monthly rent payments, and any maintenance issues that arise over the course of their lease.
Apartments are often managed by a property management company that may also own the apartment complex. Effectively, this makes the company the landlord for the entire property. Prospective apartment tenants will usually submit their application and rent payments through the apartment leasing office, while full-time maintenance staffers are on call to deal with any repairs. Of course, some apartments are in smaller buildings owned by individuals. In that case, a renter might deal directly with the property owner just as a renter in a condo does.
In either case, landlords may be amenable to your desire to negotiate rent in order to take you on or keep you. Paring the rent is the main goal in such a negotiation, but you can always ask for other benefits in lieu of a rent reduction.
Property Taxes
Renters aren’t responsible for paying property taxes, making them a non-issue in the apartment vs. condo choice. However, if you’re deciding whether to purchase a condo, understand that you’re responsible for paying property taxes for your unit every year. If you decide to rent your condo out, you should also expect to be taxed on any rental income you collect.
Design
Regardless of structure type, condo owners retain the right to make cosmetic adjustments to the interior of their properties. So if you’re interested in renting in a particular condo complex and you don’t like the design choices an owner has made, consider looking at other units that are available for rent — you may find a very different look and feel in another unit. Apartments within a rental complex, in contrast, typically share similar, if not identical, layouts and designs regardless of which unit you choose.
Amenities
The amenities of both apartments and condos vary widely and often depend on when and how they were built. Generally speaking, condos are more likely to offer customized amenities, like state-of-the-art appliances and granite countertops, that reflect the tastes and habits of their owners.
Fees
Apartments and condos of similar quality and in the same area should rent for around the same cost. Both condos and apartments often charge the following fees:
• Application fee
• First and last month’s rent
• Security deposit
• Credit and background check fee
• Pet fees and deposit
• Parking fee
Renters may find that condo owners are more willing to negotiate on things like fees than apartment management teams, as these are private owners trying to keep their units rented out for income purposes.
Buying a condo will mean paying monthly maintenance fees that cover insurance for and upkeep of common areas, water and sewer charges, garbage and recycling collection, condo management services, and contributions to a reserve account.
Community
Condos usually have a greater sense of community than apartment complexes, given that their residents are likely to stay around longer. In many cases, residents consist of the condo owners themselves.
By contrast, renters living in apartments often intend to stay for only a couple of years. While that’s not to say that there aren’t occasional resident get-togethers at some apartment complexes, you’re less likely to encounter the same faces over several months.
If you’re renting a condo, expect to abide by rules set by the homeowners association. These can sometimes be fairly strict. Apartments have their own set of rules that may be less stringent.
Renting and Financing
Renting an apartment involves one monthly rent payment, in addition to any utilities you’re responsible for. Of course, when you leave the apartment, you leave with just your security deposit, assuming all payments have been made and no damage has been done.
Financing a condo and purchasing the property allows you to lock in your monthly mortgage payments at a steady long-term rate and gives you the chance to start building equity. In exchange, you’ll be required to make a down payment and be responsible for any taxes, insurance, and maintenance fees, among other costs.
Deciding whether it’s better to buy a condo or to rent — or to get a house or condo — is a complicated decision that depends on your personal finances and your lifestyle. If you’re thinking about settling down, have a stable job with steady income, and have enough saved up for a down payment with an emergency fund to spare, buying a condo or house may be the right choice for you. However, if you’re still exploring the area or have variable income with limited savings, it may be best to continue renting. For those trying to decide between renting an apartment and financing a condo or house, a mortgage help center can help provide answers. 💡 Quick Tip: Your parents or grandparents probably got mortgages for 30 years. But these days, you can get them for 20, 15, or 10 years — and pay less interest over the life of the loan.
Maintenance
Most apartment complexes have an on-site building supervisor who can address maintenance issues. Given that the owner of a large apartment complex oversees all of the units, they’re incentivized to employ someone full time to attend to the day-to-day affairs. This often means that apartment owners can react faster than condo owners, who sometimes don’t even live on the premises.
By contrast, condo units are usually owned by landlords, and most of them hire a third-party contractor to come in and make repairs as necessary. In some cases, condo owners may be handy and handle the repairs on their own.
If you buy a condo, you’ll have a regular maintenance fee that covers the shared parts of the property, but because condo owners typically own just the interior of their unit, any repairs in the condo unit will be separate. (It’s a good idea to pore over the covenants, conditions, and restrictions to see exactly what is part of your unit or part of the common elements.)
Condominium vs Apartment: A Side-by-Side Comparison
To help sum it all up, here’s a quick guide to the condo and apartment traits discussed above.
Condo
Apartment
Ownership
Private owner
Property management company, if a large complex; private owner if a smaller building
Property taxes
Paid by condo owner
Paid by building owner
Design
Customized by owner
Uniform across all units
Fees
First and last month’s rent
Security deposit
Credit and background check
Application fee
First and last month’s rent
Security deposit
Pet fees
Community
Typically condo owners and long-term residents
Typically shorter-term renters
Renting & Financing
Condo renters:
Monthly rent
Utilities
Condo owners:
Mortgage payment
Utilities
Property taxes
Maintenance fees
Property insurance
Monthly rent
Utilities
Renter’s insurance
Maintenance
Private owner hires third-party contractors for repairs and maintenance
On-site maintenance staff
Condo vs Apartment: Which One May Be Right for You?
Whether a condo or apartment is right for you depends on your preferred rental experience. If you’re looking for something that feels a little more akin to home and don’t mind dealing directly with your landlord when discussing repairs and rent payments, a condo (or an apartment in a small privately owned apartment building) may be the better option for you.
On the other hand, if you prefer dealing with a full-time staff of property managers, want something more structured, and don’t mind cookie-cutter corporate apartments, an apartment may be the better rental option for you.
Prospective condo buyers will want to keep their finances and monthly budget in mind when deciding if they want to rent or buy. While the idea of building equity is appealing, settling down and committing to a mortgage isn’t for everyone. You’ll want to thoughtfully evaluate your ability to make monthly payments and whether you want to stick around an area.
The Takeaway
In the condo vs. apartment comparison, you’ll pay similar costs when renting properties of similar quality. Things get more complex if you’re debating whether to buy a condo or rent an apartment, as there are myriad added costs for condo owners in exchange for the chance to build equity.
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FAQ
Why are condos more expensive than apartments?
In general, condos and apartments of comparable quality cost around the same amount to rent. A condo owner, however, will likely face higher monthly costs than an apartment renter, thanks to the added costs that come with owning a property, including mortgage payments, taxes, insurance, and maintenance fees. Over time, the added expense may be offset by the equity built through mortgage payments.
Which retains more value, condos or apartments?
Over the long run, both a condo and an apartment in a co-op building can lose or gain value. Whether your specific property appreciates will depend on local market factors and on upkeep of your unit as well as of the larger complex.
Can I get a loan to buy a condo or co-op apartment?
A qualified buyer can finance a condo with a government-backed or conventional mortgage loan. Getting a loan for buying into a housing cooperative can be more difficult. The buyer is purchasing shares that give them the right to live in the unit — personal property, not real property. That’s one reason that some lenders do not offer financing for co-ops.
Photo credit: iStock/Michael Vi
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“The best news is for buyers who will see more options to choose from, increased negotiating power and reduced time pressure.”
Fran Lisner Real estate agent at Daniel Gale Sotheby’s
For most of 2023, the housing market was stuck in neutral. Rising mortgage rates weighed on both supply and demand, causing home sales to plummet.
And for a while, it seemed like mortgage rates could climb indefinitely. But mortgage rates started to reverse course in November, and suddenly, the outlook for the 2024 housing market was striking a more positive tone.
While lower mortgage rates won’t entirely crack the ceiling of what’s still a historically unaffordable housing market, 2024 is expected to be more balanced, with the potential for higher inventory and slightly lower home prices, according to Fran Lisner, real estate agent with Daniel Gale Sotheby’s. “The best news is for buyers who will see more options to choose from, increased negotiating power and reduced time pressure,” Lisner said.
As we kick off the year, prospective homebuyers are wondering what’s in store for them. We talked to several experts about their housing market predictions and top tips for today’s homebuyers. Here’s what they had to say.
Read more: Mortgage Predictions: Could 2024 Be a Better Year for Homebuyers?
10 expert tips for buying a home in 2024
While experts are cautiously optimistic about the direction of the housing market in 2024, buying a home (especially if it’s your first time) is rarely a pain-free process. From tracking market conditions to the actual process of getting a mortgage, there are a lot of moving parts.
1. Follow what housing market experts are saying
Housing market trends are dynamic and, oftentimes, hard to understand, especially when it comes to all the factors that affect mortgage rates (the list is longer than you think).
That’s why housing market experts and economists are constantly tracking economic data to better understand where things are headed. Keeping an eye on what those experts are saying, whether by reading newsletters or listening to podcasts, can help you become a more informed buyer without getting too deep into the macroeconomic weeds.
Here are some of the podcasts I listen to that help me stay in the loop.
2. Monitor mortgage rates regularly
In 2023, mortgage rates kept climbing until they passed 8% in early fall. But soon after, rates started to trend down for the first time in months. As inflation slows and the Federal Reserve initiates interest rate cuts, experts predict mortgage rates will eventually reach 6% by the end of 2024.
“Rates are down over 1% since peaking in October, and with the Fed done with their rate hikes, we expect rates to keep falling for the next few months at least,” said Greg Heym, chief economist at Brown Harris Stevens.
But mortgage interest rates are volatile, making them difficult to predict. And while tracking mortgage rate movement isn’t the most exciting thing to do, there’s a reason experts recommend it: It can save you a lot of money and free up some room in your homebuying budget.
Your interest rate doesn’t only affect your monthly mortgage payments. It also affects the total interest you’ll pay over the course of your loan. Securing a lower rate from the beginning, even if by a few tenths of a percentage point, can save you tens of thousands of dollars over time.
Read more: Compare Current Mortgage Rates
3. Create a homebuying budget
If you haven’t already, start budgeting for your down payment and other costs associated with a home purchase, like closing costs.
The minimum down payment required by most lenders is 3% for conventional loans. But experts often recommend making a down payment closer to 20% of the property’s asking price. That way, you can take out a smaller loan and avoid having to pay private mortgage insurance.
Many lenders will approve you for a loan larger than what you need or can comfortably afford. But that means taking on more debt. “Shift from asking, ‘How much could I borrow?’ to ‘How much should I borrow?’” said Matt Vernon, head of consumer lending at Bank of America.
When creating a budget, you want to make sure you can cover your future monthly mortgage payments as well as any other debt you have, like student loans or credit card debt. At CNET, we recommend the 28/36 rule: Allocate no more than 28% of your pre-tax monthly income toward housing-related expenses and keep your total monthly household debt below 36% of your gross income.
CNET’s mortgage calculator can give you a good idea of what your future mortgage payments might look like based on a few specifics, like your credit score, projected down payment and interest rate.
Read more: How Much House Can I Afford?
4. Be flexible about location
Between 2020 and 2022, home prices saw double-digit growth. In 2023, the pace of growth slowed but prices were still up around 3% on an annual basis. Forecasts from Redfin and Realtor.com show home prices easing in the second half of 2024, but not dramatically — between 1% and 1.7%.
“I don’t predict many bargains out there because you don’t go from zero inventory to an overflow of available homes on the market, which is when you would see a substantial price drop,” said Dottie Herman, vice-chair at Douglas Elliman Real Estate. That means we won’t see any major home price declines in 2024, according to Herman.
But what real estate is doing on a national level might not reflect what’s happening in your neck of the woods. Home prices and housing supply vary by city and state, so it’s always worth looking at less expensive markets. In markets where inventory is especially tight, like New York, prices are expected to increase by 3% in 2024. Meanwhile, prices in the Austin, Texas, metro area are projected to fall by around 12%.
5. Get ahead of the competition
Many prospective buyers are sitting on the sidelines as they wait for mortgage rates to fall and affordability to improve. As mortgage rates inch lower over the course of 2024, experts expect that pent-up homebuying demand will lead to increased competition.
“If 2024 becomes a turnaround year for housing, my suggestion would be to get all of your financing straightened out and in shape, and then start looking right away before the weather changes and you are joined by competition,” said Herman. “That’s when bidding wars start, so you want to be ahead of them.”
Buying sooner rather than later, if you have the option, could grant you more negotiating power while the pace of home sales is still slow, according to Afifa Saburi, capital markets analyst at Veterans United Home Loans.
6. Consider new-home construction
Limited housing inventory is directly related to the lack of home sales: Because the majority of current homeowners have mortgage rates below 5%, they haven’t been eager to list their homes and give up their bargain interest rates for today’s higher rates.
While experts are split on how much the inventory of existing homes will increase in 2024, there is a silver lining: New construction. “Single-family construction has offered relief from scarce existing inventory conditions over the last year,” said Hannah Jones, senior economic research analyst at Realtor.com.
If supply is limited in your area, consider what new-home construction is (or will be) available this year. Buying a newly constructed home comes with a few benefits. For starters, a new home will be move-in ready and likely more energy-efficient than an older home.
Brand-new homes can often be more affordable. As a way to incentivize buyers, many home builders have been offering discounts and rate-buydowns — when you (or a seller) pay money upfront to a lender in exchange for a lower interest rate. Experts say those incentives will continue into 2024.
7. Interview multiple real estate agents
The right real estate agent can make a big difference in your homebuying journey. You want someone with good communication skills, connections and experience, but the most important thing is an agent with in-depth knowledge of your market who can help you develop the right approach, said Joseph Castillo of Compass Real Estate.
An agent familiar with your area can tell you how realistic your budget is or even point you to more affordable neighboring areas. Start by contacting several local real estate agents to discuss your needs and concerns before settling on one.
8. Explore your loan options
If cost continues to be a barrier, see if you qualify for government-backed loans or down payment assistance programs.
“While increased demand is pushing up home prices, there are loan options and grant programs for those who may be able to afford monthly mortgage payments but struggle with the upfront costs,” said Vernon.
FHA loans, VA loans and USDA loans tend to offer lower credit score and down payment requirements than conventional loans. States also provide different types of housing assistance, either through grants or interest-free loans. Check with your state or local housing authority, real estate agent or lender to find out what you may qualify for.
Read more: These 8 First-Time Homebuyer Programs Can Save You Money on Your Mortgage
9. Shop around for mortgage lenders
No matter what’s happening in the market, one step you should never skip is shopping around for mortgage lenders. Researching and comparing offers from multiple lenders will help you find someone aligned with your financial picture and save you a lot of money on your mortgage.
Mortgage interest rates and fees vary widely across lenders. That’s why experts recommend getting at least three loan estimate forms from different lenders to compare the cost of borrowing and potentially negotiate a lower mortgage rate or better loan terms.
10. Prepare to wait
If 2024 isn’t your year to buy a home, that’s OK. You can do plenty of things while you wait to put yourself in a better position when you’re ready to buy.
Improve your credit score. Your credit score is one of the main factors lenders consider when determining whether you qualify for a mortgage and at what interest rate. The minimum credit score for conventional loans is 620, but to qualify for the lowest rates, you’ll want to aim for closer to 740. Paying your credit cards on time (ideally, in full) and staying below your credit limit are great places to start.
Pay down debt. Lenders also take into account your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI. Paying down debt will lower your DTI, which means you’ll be able to borrow more — and at a better rate. As an added (and significant) bonus, it will also relieve a major financial burden and give you more room to save for long-term goals, like your down payment.
Save for a down payment. It can take a long time to save up enough cash for a down payment, but you can start small with weekly or monthly savings goals. Consider stowing your cash in a high-yield savings account or certificate of deposit (if you don’t plan to buy in the immediate future) to take advantage of compounding interest.
Is it worth buying a home in 2024?
Experts are optimistic that a combination of falling mortgage rates and slightly lower home prices will give homebuyers more options than last year. But a variety of other issues — like low inventory — are weighing on affordability. Ideally, the affordability crisis will ease and the housing market will stabilize, but that is unlikely to happen in just one year. Though 2024 might not seem like the best year to buy a house, the perfect time should be determined by your financial circumstances and long-term goals.
“Buyers often ask me if it’s the right time to make a purchase. It is, but only if you’re prepared,” said Castillo.
An IPO, or initial public offering, refers to privately owned companies selling shares of the business to the general public for the first time.
“Going public” has benefits: It can boost a company’s profile, bring prestige to the management team, and raise cash that can be used for expanding the business.
But there are downsides to going public as well. The IPO process can be costly and time-consuming, and subject the business to a high level of scrutiny.
Key Points
• An IPO, or initial public offering, is when a privately owned company sells shares of the business to the general public for the first time.
• Companies typically hire investment bankers and lawyers to help them with the IPO process.
• Reasons for a company IPO include raising capital, providing an exit opportunity for early stakeholders, and gaining more liquidity and publicity.
• Pros of an IPO include an opportunity to raise capital, future access to capital, increased liquidity, and exposure.
• Cons of an IPO include costs and time, disclosure obligations, liability, and a loss of managerial flexibility.
IPO Definition
IPO stands for “initial public offering,” which marks the first time a private corporation offers its securities for sale to the public.
In such a process, a portion of the firm’s shares are transferred from private ownership by company insiders to public markets, so that both retail and institutional investors can buy IPO shares.
How Do IPOs Work?
To have an IPO, a company must file a prospectus with the SEC. The company will use the prospectus to solicit investors, and it includes key information like the terms of the securities offered and the business’s overall financial condition.
Behind the scenes, companies typically hire investment bankers and lawyers to help them with the IPO process. The investment bankers act as underwriters, or buyers of the shares from the company before transferring them to the public market. The underwriters at the investment bank help the company determine the offering price, the number of shares that will be offered, and other relevant details.
The company will also apply to list their stock on one of the different stock exchanges, like the New York Stock Exchange or Nasdaq Stock Exchange.
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*No offer to buy the securities can be accepted and no part of the purchase price can be received until the registration statement has become effective, and any such offer may be withdrawn or revoked, without obligation or commitment of any kind, at any time prior to notice of its acceptance given after the effective date. To see if participating in an IPO is right for you, please fill out your investor profile prior to submitting any indication of interest. Investing in IPOs comes with risk, including the risk of loss. Please visit sofi.com/iporisk/. Offered via SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.
IPO Price vs Opening Price
The IPO price is the price at which shares of a company are set before they are sold on a stock exchange. As soon as markets open and the stock is actively traded, that price begins to go up or down depending on consumer demand, which is known as the opening price.
💡 Quick Tip: The best stock trading app? That’s a personal preference, of course. Generally speaking, though, a great app is one with an intuitive interface and powerful features to help make trades quickly and easily.
History of IPOs
While there are some indications that shares of businesses were traded during the Roman Republic, the first modern IPO is widely considered to have been offered by the Dutch East India Company in the early 1600s. In general, the Dutch are credited with inventing the stock exchange, with shares of the Dutch East India Company being the sole company trading in Amsterdam for many years.
In the U.S., Bank of North America conducted the first American IPO, which likely took place in 1783. A report claims investors hiding cash in carriages evaded British soldiers to buy shares of the first American IPO.
Henry Goldman led investment bank Goldman Sachs’ first IPO — United Cigar Manufacturers Co. — in 1906, pioneering a new way of valuing companies. A challenge for retail companies at the time was that they lacked hard assets, as other big businesses like railroads had at the time. Goldman pushed to value companies based on their income or earnings, which remains a key part of IPO valuations today.
Why Does A Company IPO, or “Go Public”?
Answering the question, “what’s an IPO?” doesn’t explain why a company “goes public” — an important detail in the process. Because an IPO requires a significant amount of time and resources, a business probably has good reason to go through the trouble.
Raising Money
A common reason is to raise capital (money) for possible expansion. Prior to an IPO, a private company may procure funding through angel investors, venture capitalists, private investors, and so on.
A company may reach a size where it is no longer able to procure enough capital from these sources to fund further expansion. Offering sales of stock to the public may allow a company to access this rapid influx of investment capital. 💡 Quick Tip: Keen to invest in an IPO? Be sure to check with your brokerage about what’s required. Typically IPO stock is available only to eligible investors.
Exit Opportunity
An IPO may be a way for early stakeholders, such as angel investors and venture-capital firms, to cash out of their holdings. Venture-capital firms in particular have their own investors that need to provide returns for. IPOs are a way for them to transfer their share of a private company by selling their equity to public investors.
More Liquidity
Venture-capital firms and angel investors aren’t the only ones who may be seeking more liquidity for stakes in companies. Liquidity refers to the ease with which an investor can sell an asset. Stocks tend to be much more liquid assets than private-company stakes.
Hence, employees with equity options can also use IPOs as a way to gain more liquidity for their holdings, although they are usually subject to lock-up periods.
Publicity
From the roadshow that investment banks hold to inform potential investors about the company to when executives may ring the opening bell at a stock exchange, an IPO can bring out greater publicity for a company.
Being listed as a public company also exposes a business to a wider variety of investors, allowing the business to obtain more name recognition.
Pros and Cons of an IPO
As with any business decision, there are downsides and risks to going public that should be considered in conjunction with the potential benefits. Here’s a look at a few:
Pros
Cons
An IPO may allow a company to raise capital on a scale otherwise unavailable to it. It can use these funds to expand the business, build infrastructure, and to fund research and development.
Public companies must keep the public informed about their business operations and finance. They are subject to a host of filing requirements from the SEC, from initial disclosure obligations to quarterly and annual financial reports.
After an IPO, companies can issue more stock, which can help with future efforts to raise capital.
Companies and company leaders may be liable if legal obligations like quarterly and annual filings aren’t met.
IPOs increase liquidity, which allows business owners and employees to more easily exercise stock options or sell shares.
Public companies must consider the concerns and opinions of a potentially vast pool of investors. Private companies on the other hand, often answer to only a small group of owners and investors.
Public companies may use stock as payment when acquiring or merging with other businesses.
Public companies are under more scrutiny than their private counterparts, as they’re forced to disclose information about their business operations.
IPOs can generate a lot of publicity.
Going public is time consuming and expensive.
Participating in an IPO: 3 Steps to Buying IPO Stock
1. Read the Prospectus
IPOs can be hard to analyze: It’s difficult to learn much about a company going public for the first time. There’s not a lot of information floating around beforehand since when companies are private, they don’t really have to disclose any earnings with the SEC. Before an IPO, you can look at two documents to get information about the company: Form S-1 and the red herring prospectus.
2. Find Brokerage
If you want to purchase shares of a stock in an IPO, you’ll most commonly have to go through a broker. Some firms also let you buy shares at the offering price as opposed to the trading price once the stock is on the public market.
3. Request Shares
Once a brokerage account is set up, you can let your broker know electronically or over the phone how many shares of what stock you’d like to buy and what order type. The broker will execute the trade for you, usually for a fee, although many online brokerages now offer zero commission trading.
Who Can Buy IPO Stock?
Not everyone has the ability to buy shares at the IPO price. When a company wants to go public, they typically hire an underwriter — an investment bank — that structures the IPO and drums up interest among investors. The underwriter acquires shares of the company and sets a price for them based on how much money the company wants to raise and how much demand they think there is for the stock.
The underwriter will likely offer IPO shares to its institutional investors, and it may reserve some for other people close to the company. The company wants these initial shareholders to remain invested for the long-term and tries to avoid allocating to those who may want to sell right after a first-day pop in the share price.
Investment banks go through a relatively complicated process in part to help them avoid some of the risks associated with a company going public for the first time. It’s possible that the IPO could become oversubscribed, e.g when there are more buyers lined up for the stock at the IPO price than there are actual shares.
When Can You Sell IPO Stock?
Shortly after a company’s IPO there may be a period in which its stock price experiences a downturn as a result of the lock-up period ending.
The IPO lock-up period is a restriction placed upon investors who acquired company stock before it went public that keeps them from selling their shares for a certain period of time after the IPO. The lock-up period typically ranges from 90 to 180 days. It’s meant to prevent too many shares in the early days of the IPO from flooding the market and driving prices down.
However, once the period is over, it can be a bit of a free-for-all as early investors cash in on their stocks. It may be worth waiting for this period to pass before buying shares in a newly public company.
Things to Know Before Investing in an IPO
An IPO, by definition, gives the investing public an opportunity to own the stock of a newly public company. However, the SEC warns that IPOs can be risky and speculative investments.
IPO Market Price
To understand why investing in an IPO can be risky, it is helpful to know that the business valuation and offering price have not been determined not by the market forces of supply and demand, as is the case for stocks trading openly in a market exchange.
Instead, the offering price is usually determined by the company and the underwriters who negotiate a price based on an often-competing set of interests of involved parties.
Post-IPO Trading
Purchasing shares in the market immediately following an IPO can also be risky. Underwriters may do what they can to buoy the trading price initially, keeping it from falling too far below the offering price.
Meanwhile, IPO lock-up periods may stop early investors and company executives from cashing out immediately after the offering. The concern to investors is what happens to the price once this support ends.
Data from Dealogic shows that since 2010, a quarter of U.S. IPOs have seen losses after their first day.
IPO Due Diligence
Investors with the option to invest in an IPO should do so only after having conducted their due diligence. The SEC states that “being well informed is critical in deciding whether to invest. Therefore, it is important to review the prospectus and ask questions when researching an IPO.”
Investors should receive a copy of the prospectus before their broker confirms the sale. To read the prospectus before then, check with the company’s most recent registration statement on EDGAR, the SEC’s public filing system.
IPO Alternatives
Since the heady days of the dot-com bubble, when many new companies were going public, startups have become more disgruntled with the traditional IPO process. Some of these businesses often complain that the IPO model can be time-consuming and expensive.
Particularly in Silicon Valley, the U.S. startup capital, many companies are taking longer to go public. Hence, the emergence of so many unicorn companies — businesses with valuations of $1 billion or greater.
In recent years, alternatives to the traditional IPO process have also emerged. Here’s a closer look at some of them.
Recommended: Guide to Tech IPOs
Direct Listings
In direct listings, private companies skip the process of hiring an investment bank as an underwriter. A bank may still offer advice to the company, but their role tends to be smaller. Instead, the private company relies on an auction system by the stock exchange to set their IPO price.
Companies with bigger name brands that don’t need the roadshows tend to pick the direct-listing route.
SPACs
Special purpose acquisition companies or SPACs have become another common way to go public. With SPACs, a blank-check company is listed on the public stock market.
These businesses typically have no operations, but instead a “sponsor” pledges to seek a private company to buy. Once a private-company target is found, it merges with the SPAC, going public in the process.
SPACs are often a speedier way to go public. They became wildly popular in 2020 and 2021 as many famous sponsors launched SPACs.
Crowdfunding
Crowdfunding is collecting small amounts of money from a bigger group of individuals. The advent of social media and digital platforms have expanded the possibilities for crowdfunding.
The Takeaway
Initial public offerings or IPOs are a key part of U.S. capital markets, allowing private businesses to enter the world’s biggest public market. Conducting an IPO is a multi-step, expensive process for private companies but allows them to significantly expand their reach when it comes to fundraising, liquidity and brand recognition.
For investors, buying an IPO stock can be tempting because of the potential of getting in on a company’s growth early and benefiting from its expansion. However, it’s important to know that many IPO stocks also tend to be untested, meaning their businesses are newer and less stable, and that the stock price can fluctuate — creating considerable risk for investors.
Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it’s wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.
Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.
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Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.
New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures. Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Buying a home is an exciting milestone, but it comes with its fair share of financial responsibilities, including the often-misunderstood closing costs. These costs are a vital part of your home purchase budget and can significantly impact your financial planning as a new homeowner.
Far from being just a trivial detail, closing costs encompass a range of fees and charges that, when understood correctly, can help you make more informed decisions and potentially save money in your home-buying journey.
Here’s everything you need to know about mortgage closing costs to avoid any last-minute surprises.
Who Pays the Closing Costs: Buyer or Seller?
When it comes to closing costs in a home purchase, the question of who pays what is often a topic of negotiation and varies by transaction. Generally, both buyers and sellers have their own set of fees to handle, but the exact distribution can differ.
Your mortgage lender is required to provide you with an estimated breakdown at multiple points in the loan process. The loan estimate outlines the estimated closing costs and lists out all the different fees, as well as who is responsible for paying them.
Buyer’s Responsibility
Typically, the buyer shoulders a significant portion of the closing costs, which can include:
Loan-related fees (such as application and origination fees)
Appraisal and inspection fees
Initial escrow deposit for property taxes and mortgage insurance
Title insurance and search fees
Seller’s Contribution
Sellers commonly pay for:
Real estate agent commissions
Transfer taxes and recording fees
Any homeowner association transfer fees
Room for Negotiation
It’s important to note that these are not hard and fast rules. In many cases, closing costs are a point of negotiation in the sale agreement. For example, in a buyer’s market, a seller might agree to cover a larger portion of the closing costs to attract buyers. Conversely, in a seller’s market, the buyer might take on a larger share to make their offer more appealing.
Case Example
Imagine you’re buying a home priced at $300,000. The closing costs, amounting to approximately 3% of the purchase price, would be around $9,000. As a buyer, you might agree to pay $6,000 of this, covering most of the loan-related fees and escrow deposits. The seller, in turn, might handle the remaining $3,000, covering their portion of fees like the agent’s commission and transfer taxes.
Comprehensive List of Fees Associated with Mortgage Closing Costs
Mortgage closing costs can be broken down into a few different categories: lender fees, real estate fees, and mortgage insurance fees.
Lender Fees
These fees may vary depending on the lender you choose. Here’s a basic rundown of each closing cost to give you an idea of what you can expect.
Application fee: Covers processing your mortgage loan application and obtaining your credit report.
Attorney fee: In some states, an attorney must review the mortgage paperwork; fees vary and can be hourly or a flat rate.
Broker fee: If using a mortgage broker, they typically charge a commission, usually between 1% and 2% of the home’s purchase price.
Origination fee: The origination fee compensates the lender for administrative tasks and is typically around 1% of the loan amount.
Discount points: Paying points upfront can lower your interest rate; each point equals one percent of your loan amount.
Prepaid interest: Covers the interest that accrues between the closing date and the first mortgage payment.
Recording fee: Charged by local governments for recording the mortgage documents; it covers the administrative costs of maintaining public records.
Underwriting fee: Charged for the underwriter’s services in evaluating and preparing your loan; includes costs like due diligence and legal fees.
Real Estate Fees
Real estate fees are related to costs surrounding the property itself. Some are one-time fees, while others are recurring.
Appraisal fee: Necessary to assess the market value of the home. Costs vary, but typically around $500 to $600, payable before the appraisal or at closing.
Property tax: Generally an annual or biannual payment. Most lenders require at least two months’ worth pre-paid into an escrow account at closing.
Homeowners’ insurance policy: An annual premium required for a home loan. The first year’s premium is often paid at closing, with subsequent payments included in your mortgage.
Title search and insurance: Ensures the property is lien-free. Lender’s title insurance protects the lender, while owner’s title insurance safeguards the buyer.
Transfer tax: Imposed by governments when a property is sold, usually a percentage of the sale price.
HOA fees: For properties in a homeowners association, this may include a transfer fee and potentially the first year’s annual assessment.
Mortgage Insurance Fees
When you pay less than 20% of your home purchase price as part of your down payment, you’re usually required to pay mortgage insurance. Your private mortgage insurance (PMI) premium is typically assessed as a monthly fee within your mortgage payment. However, you may also have some costs at closing.
Upfront mortgage insurance fee: Depending on your loan type and lender, you may have to pay an additional application fee for a loan with mortgage insurance. Additionally, some loans require that you pay a one-time fee at the time of closing on top of your annual fee throughout the mortgage.
Government-backed loan fees: If your loan is from the FHA, USDA, or VA, then you may have extra mortgage insurance fees if your down payment is under 20%. FHA loans require an upfront mortgage insurance premium (MIP) of 1.75% and a monthly fee. The VA and USDA don’t charge mortgage insurance, but instead have guarantee fees. VA fees fall between 1.25% and 3.3% while USDA fees are a flat 2%.
Understanding How Closing Costs Are Calculated
That list may seem huge and overwhelming. However, before making an offer on a house, you can estimate your closing costs using some shortcuts. Average closing costs are usually about 2% – 6% of the loan amount.
Let’s look at that in real numbers.
Say you buy a home for $200,000. You can realistically expect your closing costs (not including your down payment) to extend anywhere between $4,000 and $10,000. That’s a pretty big range, so use that as a starting point when you begin to compare loan offers.
But don’t wait until you’ve fallen in love with a house to financially plan for closing costs.
Instead, use an online closing costs calculator early in the process to get a more specific estimate. You will want to use real information like average property taxes in your area and the costs associated with your type of loan.
A good mortgage lender can walk you through the variables, including how different loan types affect your closing costs.
Strategies for Reducing Closing Costs: Negotiation Tactics
Negotiating closing costs can be an effective way to reduce the financial burden of buying a home. While some fees are fixed, others offer room for negotiation. Here are strategies and insights to help you lower these costs:
Understand What Can Be Negotiated
Identify which fees are negotiable. These often include certain lender fees like the origination fee, broker fees, and some third-party charges. Knowing what can be adjusted is the first step in negotiation.
Compare and Shop Around
Before settling with one lender, shop around. Get Good Faith Estimates from multiple lenders and compare their closing costs. This can give you leverage in negotiations, as lenders are often willing to offer competitive pricing to win your business.
Ask the Seller to Contribute
In some real estate markets, it’s common for buyers to ask sellers to cover a portion of the closing costs. This is particularly feasible in buyer’s markets, where sellers are motivated to make the sale.
Look for Lender Credits
Some lenders offer credits in exchange for a slightly higher interest rate on your loan. These credits can be used to offset closing costs. While this increases your long-term interest cost, it can significantly reduce upfront expenses.
Negotiate with Service Providers
For services like home inspections and title searches, you have the option to choose your provider. Shop around and negotiate with these providers for better rates.
Review the Closing Disclosure Form
Before closing, you’ll receive a Closing Disclosure form listing all the fees. Review it carefully and question any fees that seem off or weren’t previously disclosed. Sometimes, errors can be corrected, leading to lower costs.
Time Your Closing
By scheduling your closing towards the end of the month, you can reduce the amount of prepaid interest you’ll need to pay.
Seek Legal or Financial Advice
Consider consulting with a real estate attorney or a financial advisor. They can provide valuable advice on which costs can be cut and how to negotiate effectively.
Options for Financing Your Closing Costs
In some cases, you can roll your closing costs into the mortgage, but you have to meet some basic requirements. First, it depends on your type of loan, since not all loans allow you to do this. Most government-backed loans, like FHA and USDA loans, do offer the possibility to add them into your home loan.
What’s the downside to this idea?
A higher loan amount means a higher monthly mortgage payment and a larger amount of interest paid over the life of your mortgage. Furthermore, your new home needs to appraise for the higher amount you want to finance. Plus, your debt-to-income ratio needs to be able to support that larger payment to qualify for such a loan.
If you’re getting a loan that doesn’t allow for closing costs to be rolled into the mortgage, you can still get around it. However, you must meet those criteria we just talked about.
Simply ask the seller (through your real estate agent) to pay for closing costs in exchange for paying the extra amount as part of the purchase price. Here’s an example.
If your $200,000 offer is accepted, but closing costs are $5,000, ask the seller to contribute $5,000 and change your offer to $205,000. At the end of the day, the seller still walks away with the same amount of money.
Again, this strategy is contingent upon the numbers working for you, your financial situation, and your mortgage application.
Finalizing Payment: Methods to Cover Your Closing Costs
When you finally get to closing day, it’s almost time to relax and move into your new home. But first, don’t forget to set up a way to pay closing costs.
You can ask your lender or settlement company for the preferred payment method. However, in most cases, you can either get a cashier’s check from your bank or set up a wire transfer. There’s usually a minor fee associated with each one. It’s a quick and easy process, but it shouldn’t be forgotten before you get to closing.
Conclusion
Closing costs are a crucial aspect of buying a home. Being well-informed and prepared for these expenses can make a significant difference in your financial planning. Remember, while some fees are fixed, others offer room for negotiation, and shopping around can lead to potential savings.
By factoring in these costs from the start, you can ensure a smoother, more predictable home-buying experience. Buying a house is a major step – financially and personally. Approach it with the right knowledge, and you’ll be set to make this important decision with confidence and peace of mind.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is an escrow account, and how does it relate to closing costs?
An escrow account is a third-party account where funds are held during the process of a transaction, like buying a home. Regarding closing costs, part of these costs often includes initial deposits into an escrow account for future property taxes and homeowners’ insurance. This ensures that there is enough money set aside to cover these recurring expenses.
Can closing costs be included in the mortgage loan?
In some cases, closing costs can be rolled into the mortgage loan. This is more common with certain types of loans, like FHA loans. However, including closing costs in the loan increases the total loan amount and, consequently, your monthly mortgage payments and the total interest paid over the life of the loan.
Are there any tax benefits related to closing costs?
Yes, certain closing costs can have tax benefits. For example, points paid to lower your interest rate may be deductible in the year you buy your home. Always consult a tax professional to understand how your closing costs might affect your taxes.
How can first-time homebuyers prepare for closing costs?
First-time homebuyers should start saving early for closing costs, which typically range from 2% to 6% of the home purchase price. It’s also helpful to research and understand the different types of fees involved in closing costs, and consider attending homebuyer education courses for more detailed information.
What happens if I can’t afford closing costs?
If you find that you can’t afford closing costs, there are a few options. You can negotiate with the seller to pay some or all of the costs, look for lender credits, or explore programs available for first-time buyers or low-income buyers that offer assistance with closing costs.
If you’ve been actively house hunting for a while, chances are you’ve come across a real estate listing that was referred to as a HUD home. But what exactly does that mean? Is this type of home worth considering as your next purchase?
Discover everything you need to know about HUD homes and whether this type of home is right for you. While there is some risk involved, the potential for reward is also great. So read on and see if you should start searching for HUD homes in your area.
What is a HUD home?
Owned by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), a HUD home is a type of residential foreclosure. Traditional foreclosures occur when a homeowner defaults on their home loan.
If they can’t reach a repayment agreement with their lender, the lender takes ownership of the property. Then, the lender lists the property for sale to get the balance owed on the mortgage loan.
FHA Insurance and Its Impact
Foreclosed properties often sell well below the amount owed to the lender, who then takes a loss on the property. However, if the home is insured by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the foreclosure process happens a little differently.
The Federal Housing Administration is actually a department within HUD. It doesn’t make loans directly, but it does help ensure borrowers with a specific type of loan to help encourage homeownership. The FHA also provides mortgage insurance to FHA-approved lenders.
FHA mortgages entice lenders to originate and fund the loan since underwriting standards are slightly less stringent than a conventional loan.
However, when a home financed by an FHA loan goes into foreclosure, HUD reimburses the original lender for the outstanding loan balance. HUD then takes over ownership and sells it to compensate for the cost it paid to the lender.
The Process of Buying a HUD Home
When a regular home is listed for sale, the seller works with their real estate agent to come up with a price based on comparable houses in the area.
When a HUD home is put on the market, it goes through an appraisal process to determine its fair market value. The list price also considers any necessary repairs that are needed in the home.
The HUD Bidding System
With a normal listing, you’d tour the house and make an offer to the seller via your respective real estate agents. It specifically helps to work with an agent who has experience with HUD homes, but it’s not necessary.
While you still tour HUD homes with your real estate agent, the offer process is entirely different. Rather than making a traditional offer, you place a bid. If your agent is registered with HUD, they can submit the bid online for you.
There is a designated bid period. Once yours is submitted, they will compare it to any other bids that have been received. If yours is the highest offer, you’ll get an acknowledgment from HUD.
At that time, your agent will send you a contract, which you have 48 hours to submit to your regional HUD office. This is the only way to lock in the home and get the ownership underway. Otherwise, they could put it back on the market. So, always submit your documents in a timely manner.
HUD Home Buying Process
You often only get one shot at placing an offer on a HUD home, so it’s important to develop an informed strategy beforehand. While you may think it warrants an automatic lowball offer, this isn’t necessarily the case, especially if you live in a competitive real estate market.
In addition to looking at comps in the area and the home’s condition, you can also base your offer on the length of time the home has been on the market. If it’s new on the market, you probably don’t want to come in too low on your offer price. This is unless you’re only interested in the property at a certain price point.
HUD Home Costs and Financing Options
HUD often accepts offers between 85% and 88% of the list price. That’s a good frame of reference when developing your bid unless, of course, someone comes in with a higher offer. If the property has been on the market for several months, you definitely have more leverage in making a lower offer.
Your deposit will generally range from $500 – $2,000. Your mortgage payments will depend on how much your down payment is. The higher your down payment amount, the lower your mortgage payments will be. Closing costs usually average to be about 3-4% of the purchase price of a home. However, if you buy a HUD home, HUD may pay most of your closing costs.
Assessing Risks and Rewards in ‘As-Is’ HUD Home Sales
That’s because, unlike most regular listings, HUD homes are sold as-is. So, regardless of what work needs to be done, HUD will not take care of it to sell the house. But, of course, this is typically true of any foreclosed property.
That’s why it’s vital to have an inspection completed before you make an offer. Unlike other buying processes, you should have the inspection done first. Then, use it to inform your bid offer because you can’t renegotiate based on the results.
It’s definitely worth spending a couple of hundred dollars to ensure the needed renovations are within your scope.
Pros and Cons of Buying a HUD Home
Purchasing a HUD home can be an attractive option for many buyers, offering a unique blend of financial advantages and potential challenges. Understanding these pros and cons is crucial in making an informed decision.
Pros
Competitive pricing: One of the most significant benefits of HUD homes is their affordability. These properties are typically priced below-market value, providing an excellent opportunity for buyers to secure a home at a reduced cost. This pricing advantage makes HUD homes particularly appealing to first-time buyers and those looking for good value in the housing market.
Accessible down payments: HUD homes often come with the advantage of requiring lower down payments. In some cases, buyers may be eligible to make a down payment as low as 3.5% of the purchase price. This lower threshold can make homeownership more accessible, especially for those who may struggle to save for a larger down payment required in traditional home purchases.
Reduced Closing costs: Another financial benefit of purchasing a HUD home is the potential for lower closing costs. HUD may cover a portion of these costs, reducing the overall expenses that buyers need to pay out-of-pocket. This can make the process of buying a home more affordable and less daunting financially.
Cons
‘As-Is’ condition: One of the primary challenges of buying a HUD home is that they are sold in ‘as-is’ condition. This means that the buyer assumes responsibility for all repairs and renovations needed, which can sometimes be extensive. Potential buyers should carefully consider the condition of the property and be prepared for the possibility of unforeseen repair expenses.
Lengthier closing process: The process of closing on a HUD home can be more time-consuming compared to traditional home purchases. This is due to the additional paperwork, approvals, and procedures required by the government. Buyers should be prepared for a potentially prolonged process and factor this into their planning.
Additional financial considerations: While HUD homes can offer lower initial costs, they may require additional financial commitments, such as escrow deposits for repairs. These added expenses can arise from the need to address issues not covered under the ‘as-is’ purchase agreement. It’s important for buyers to be aware of and budget for these potential extra costs.
Financing Your HUD Home Purchase
You don’t need your full offer price in cash; in fact, you can use just about any loan type. The trick is to make sure the home’s condition qualifies for the loan type’s eligibility requirements.
Government-backed loans such as FHA, VA, and USDA loans have stricter requirements than conventional loans. For example, an appraiser for FHA loans looks for the following items:
A lot sloping away from the house
Windows in each bedroom
Chipped lead paint (in pre-1978 homes)
Handrails on stairs
Sufficient heating system
Solid roof and foundation
If the HUD property does not meet these basic requirements, you’ll need to find alternative financing. A conventional loan appraisal is more concerned about the home’s market value and comes with stricter credit and income requirements.
There are options, however, to finance repairs. One is a 203(B) loan, which allows you to finance up to $5,000 in repairs. The other is a 203(K) loan, which finances up to $35,000 in repairs.
Finding HUD Homes in Your Area
Your real estate agent can help you locate HUD homes in your area, especially if that’s their area of expertise. However, to start looking on your own, you can access HUD’s database of homes for sale. This online tool allows you to search several criteria to find the home you want in a specific location.
You can search by state, county, or city, as well as price range and home features. In addition to the number of bedrooms, bathrooms, and square footage, you have the option to search for a limited number of special features, including:
Fireplace or wood stove
Single or multiple stories
Outdoor amenities, like patio, pool, porch, or fence
Parking type
Housing type
Property age
Despite not being as user-friendly as a site like Zillow, the HUD website allows you to browse listings and find something that meets your needs.
Can investors buy HUD properties?
Purchasing a foreclosed home as an investment can be a great idea, assuming you’ve done ample research into your local market.
If you’re ready to jump into the real estate game as a landlord or Airbnb host, you should certainly add the HUD portal to your property source list. However, it’s important to realize that there are a few restrictions for investors.
As we mentioned earlier, HUD properties are listed in bidding periods. The first period is an “exclusive listing period” and only accepts offers from owner-occupant buyers, non-profit organizations, and government entities. In other words, they are initially offered to buyers who intend to live in them as their primary residence.
After that 15-day period, if no offer has been submitted, HUD opens up an extended bidding period to investors. At that point, you may submit a bid to purchase the property as some type of investment.
What happens if a HUD property is not sold?
HUD lists its foreclosure homes for six months before taking other actions. If the home is not sold within that time frame, they can sell the property to a nonprofit or government agency for $1. The home must then be transformed into either affordable housing for families within the community, or benefit the area in some other way.
HUD also offers programs for public servants such as teachers and police officers. This program, called the Good Neighbor Next Door, provides teachers, police officers, firefighters, and EMTs with a 50% discount off the list price of eligible HUD homes.
This program aims to revitalize and strengthen communities by having public servants live and work in the same place.
Is a HUD Home Right for You?
Be aware of the potential for both risk and reward. Start by evaluating your wishlist for a home, whether it’s for yourself or as an investment.
If you’re looking for a move-in ready house, it may not be right for you. It’s also not a good idea if you’re risk-averse. Even if you perform a home inspection, it may not catch every single problem with a home.
Even after the former owner vacates the property, it takes time for the original lender to process the paperwork and transfer the property to HUD. Then HUD must perform an appraisal and go through the listing process. This lengthy process can lead to additional neglect and damage incurred to the property.
The Reality of Distressed Properties
On the plus side, you may have the opportunity to gain some quick equity, depending on the location, condition, and final sales price. This is especially true if you’re willing to buy a fixer-upper.
As long as you understand the process and the associated risks of buying a HUD home, you can potentially put yourself into a better financial situation. This includes a lower monthly mortgage payment and greater home equity.
Just be realistic about what you’re willing to put into a home (both time and money). Furthermore, play out worst-case scenarios and make sure you’re ok with each of them. With an open and informed mind, you could get a great housing deal with HUD.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I purchase a HUD home?
You can purchase a HUD home by submitting a bid through an approved real estate broker, or by submitting an offer directly to HUD.
Who is eligible to purchase a HUD home?
Anyone can purchase a HUD home. However, certain restrictions may apply, such as income limits and owner occupancy requirements.
Is there a minimum bid requirement for HUD homes?
No, HUD does not specify a fixed minimum bid amount for its homes. The acceptable bid varies based on the property’s appraised value and market conditions. Very low bids are less likely to be accepted, especially during initial periods reserved for owner-occupants. For specific bidding information, consult the HUD Home Store or a real estate agent with HUD experience.
Can I buy a HUD home as a vacation property or second home?
HUD homes are primarily intended for buyers who will use them as their primary residence. There are specific periods during the bidding process when only owner-occupant bids are considered. However, if a HUD home remains unsold after these periods, it may become available for purchase as a vacation or second home.
Is it possible to negotiate the price of a HUD home?
Unlike traditional real estate transactions, the price of a HUD home is generally non-negotiable. HUD homes are priced at fair market value, considering their condition. The bidding process is the primary way to determine the final sale price, and HUD will accept the highest reasonable offer.
How long does it take to close on a HUD home after my bid is accepted?
The closing process for a HUD home can vary, but it generally takes longer than a traditional home purchase. Typically, you can expect the closing process to take anywhere from 30 to 60 days from the acceptance of your bid. This timeframe can be affected by various factors, including the type of financing and the specific procedures of your local HUD office.
Are HUD homes eligible for home warranties?
HUD homes are sold ‘as-is’ and do not come with warranties. Buyers are encouraged to have a home inspection before making a bid to understand any potential issues. However, after purchase, homeowners can independently obtain home warranties from private providers for future protection.
What is the ‘Good Neighbor Next Door’ program?
The Good Neighbor Next Door program is a HUD initiative aimed at encouraging community revitalization. This program offers a significant discount (up to 50% off the list price) on eligible HUD homes to law enforcement officers, teachers, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians who commit to living in the property as their primary residence for at least 36 months.
Deciphering annual rent hikes so you don’t have to.
Embarking on the journey of a renter involves more than just finding a comfortable living space; it requires a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing the annual ritual of rent increases. As you navigate the rental landscape with a wealth of experience, delving into the intricacies behind why rent consistently rises becomes essential.
Why does rent increase every year?
Before we dive into the intricacies of annual rent increases, it’s crucial to understand the fundamental factors that typically govern the calculation of rent prices. Rent is generally determined by a combination of market forces, property-specific considerations and the financial goals of landlords. Market dynamics play a pivotal role, with supply and demand influencing rental rates in a given area.
According to The Rent Report, for the month of December, rent was actually down .57% month-over-month and also down 2.09% year-over-year. Just because these numbers reflect a downward trend in rent prices, doesn’t mean rent increases are unlikely.
Landlords or property managers take into account various costs associated with property ownership, such as property taxes, insurance, maintenance and utilities, to ensure that rent covers these expenses while allowing for a reasonable return on investment.
Property upgrades and amenities also contribute to the perceived value of a rental unit, influencing its rental price. Understanding this holistic approach to rent calculation provides a foundation for comprehending why rent adjustments occur annually, particularly for renters familiar with the cyclical nature of the rental market.
Market dynamics
The delicate dance between supply and demand, coupled with economic factors, significantly impacts landlords’ and property managers’ decisions to adjust rental prices. For the seasoned renter, gaining insight into local market trends, economic indicators and neighborhood developments is crucial for anticipating and responding to annual rent adjustments.
Property upgrades and maintenance
Renters recognize that maintaining and upgrading rental properties is an ongoing process. Property maintenance continually invests in enhancing the value of their assets through renovations, repairs and the integration of modern amenities.
As a renter, there should be a balance of understanding and appreciating the correlation between these property enhancements and the incremental uptick in rent. Understanding the motivations behind such improvements provides a nuanced perspective on the annual cost of living adjustments.
Operating costs
Behind the scenes, property management incurs a myriad of operational costs, including property taxes, insurance and utilities. Renters who have rentended many a time before, understand that rent adjustments often mirror the rising operational expenses faced by landlords.
Inflation’s influence
The impact of inflation on everyday expenses is a familiar concept, and rent is no exception. As the cost of living rises, landlords are compelled to raise the rent prices to align with economic realities. Dive into the broader economic context by exploring inflation rates and their implications on the housing market across different regions. Take a look at the handy chart below to see just how rents are changing regionally and nationally.
Regional and National Rent Asking Rent Changes Over Time
Understanding the variables in annual rent adjustments
In the dynamic landscape of rental housing, the expectation of an annual rent increase is not universal, but it is a possibility influenced by various factors previously discussed. Market conditions, property improvements and operating costs are among the key contributors to rental adjustments.
While some renters may experience consistent year-over-year increases, others may find their rents stabilize for extended periods. The predictability of rent hikes often hinges on regional market trends and the individual strategies of landlords. Tenants can mitigate surprises by staying informed about local housing markets, understanding the terms of their lease agreements and being aware of the legal parameters governing rent adjustments in their area.
Proactive communication with landlords can also play a role in negotiating reasonable terms that align with both parties’ expectations. Ultimately, while annual rent increases are a reality for some, the frequency and magnitude depend on a combination of external factors and the particulars of the lease agreement.
Legal considerations
If you’re a veteran renter, you most likely understand that the legality of rent increases is a crucial aspect of the renters process. Landlords must adhere to local and state laws when adjusting rent prices, and awareness of these regulations empowers renters to navigate the rental landscape confidently. In many jurisdictions, landlords are generally allowed to increase rent, but the specific rules vary. For month-to-month leases, there are often legal limitations on how much landlords can raise rent.
Familiarize yourself with the tenant protection laws in your area, as they may stipulate the frequency and maximum percentage by which rent can be increased. Understanding your rights as a tenant ensures you can advocate for fair and legal rent adjustments during lease negotiations.
Negotiation strategies as a renter
Armed with a deep understanding of market dynamics, property upgrades, operating costs and inflation, there are ways to approach lease negotiations with confidence. We recommend keeping a track record of being a good tenant so you have the opportunity to present your case against rent increases should a property manager raise rent to a price you’re uncomfortable with.
If you’ve consistently paid your rent punctually and exhibited good conduct with no noise complaints, the landlord may find the advantages of retaining you outweigh the prospect of additional income. Enhance your proposal by suggesting an extended lease duration, perhaps opting for a two-year commitment to show your value to the property.
Remember to keep the communication open and transparent to reach a mutually beneficial agreement that acknowledges the value you bring as a long-term, reliable tenant.
If you’re worried about increased rent with your current lifestyle, utilize a rent calculator to determine what you’re able to truly afford.
Navigating the rental landscape with expertise
In a renter’s journey, the annual rent increase is not merely a routine occurrence but a multifaceted puzzle to solve. By delving into the world of the rental market, you elevate your ability to navigate the rental landscape with astuteness and finesse. Stay informed, negotiate wisely and ensure that your experience as a renter remains both enriching and economically sound.
If you’re still on the hunt for the perfect rental property, search available properties with Rent. to find the best home for you.
Wesley is a Charlotte-based writer with a degree in Mass Communication from the University of South Carolina. Her background includes 6 years in non-profit communication and 4 years in editorial writing. She’s passionate about traveling, volunteering, cooking and drinking her morning iced coffee. When she’s not writing, you can find her relaxing with family or exploring Charlotte with her friends.
A charge-off can occur when you don’t pay your credit card’s minimum monthly payment or your installment debt like an auto loan or personal loan. If a creditor decides that a debt is unlikely to be paid after a certain period of time, they may count it as a loss. Then it becomes what is known as a charge-off to the account.
And what happens after that? It’s not a “free money” situation for you. Quite the opposite: A charge-off on your credit report is a negative entry that can stick for a while and cause concern for future lenders.
Here, you’ll learn what exactly a charge-off is in more detail, how it affects your credit, and what steps, if any, you can take to resolve the situation.
What Is a Charge-Off?
When a credit card or installment debt goes unpaid for 120 to 180 days and the lender determines that the debt is unlikely to be paid off, the outstanding balance may be counted as a loss, and the account closed.
But a charge-off doesn’t mean the debt ceases to exist and that the borrower no longer needs to pay it off. Instead, typically the lender either hires a debt collector to pursue the money it’s owed or sells the debt to a collection agency.
Though the lender will take a hit on the money owed — the debt collector will either take a share of any funds recovered, or the bank may sell off the debt entirely to the collector at a reduced rate — the story isn’t over for the borrower. 💡 Quick Tip: A low-interest personal loan can consolidate your debts, lower your monthly payments, and help you get out of debt sooner.
How To See if You Have a Charge-Off
Under federal law, a debt collector must send a debt validation notice within five days of first contacting you. The notice will include details about the outstanding debt, including verification that the notice is from a debt collector, the name of the creditor, the amount owed (including any fees or interest), your rights, and how to dispute the debt, and other information.
A charge-off will also be noted on your credit report. The original creditor may close your account and report the payment status as “collection” or “charge-off,” both negative marks on a credit report.
You can get a free copy of your credit report from each credit bureau annually via AnnualCreditReport.com. It’s a good idea to check your credit report regularly to make sure all information is up-to-date and correct. Requesting a credit report from one of the three credit reporting bureaus every few months allows you to check your credit report three times per year. For example, you could check your Experian® report in January, your TransUnion® report in May, and your Equifax® report in September.
What Happens When You Have a Charge-Off?
After you’re notified of the charge-off, a good first step is verifying the debt is actually yours and the charge-off is valid. You can dispute the posting with the credit bureaus and contact the creditor or debt collection agency with proof that the debt was paid if that’s the case. (Any common credit reporting errors can be brought to the attention of the reporting agency, including invalid charge-offs.)
If you do owe the debt, you have a few options:
• You could pay it, including working out a repayment plan with the creditor and attempting to come to a settlement for an amount less than the original debt.
• Doing nothing at all is another option. The collection of debts is subject to a statute of limitations that prevents creditors from pursuing unpaid bills after a certain period of time (the time limit varies from state to state, but is typically between three and six years).
Once that statute of limitations is up, a debt collector can no longer seek court action to force repayment, but the Federal Trade Commission points out that under certain circumstances, the clock can be reset.
Again, though, simply running out the clock on a charge-off does not mean there are no consequences for the cardholder. Read on to learn more about this important aspect of charge-offs.
How Does a Charge-Off Affect Credit Rating?
To understand the implications of a credit card charge-off, it’s worth thinking about how you’re approved for a credit card or loan.
• Individuals have credit scores, which help credit card companies, lenders, and other institutions determine the risk of making payments. Credit scores are one factor among many used to evaluate an individual’s application for a car loan or mortgage — even an application for an apartment rental or new cell phone account.
• Some lenders have minimum required credit scores for personal loans, so a person’s credit score not only helps to determine whether they will be approved but also the interest rate they will pay and other terms.
• A credit score is a snapshot of a consumer’s financial history: their record of bill payments, how much credit they are using, and other such details.
• Building credit scores takes time, reflecting years of credit habits. As such, any past credit card charge-offs are reflected in a person’s credit score and on their credit report. This can lead to a bad credit score and will let future prospective lenders know they have a history of delinquent or unpaid bills.
The Process of a Charge-Off
While parameters for a charge-off vary from lender to lender, here’s what typically happens:
• After an individual does not pay at least their credit card minimum payment for six consecutive months, the account becomes delinquent. After the first month of delinquency, the credit account is moved from the “Accounts in Good Standing” section of their report to “Negative Items” or “Negative Accounts,” along with the outstanding balance.
• If the credit card company decides to charge off the debt at 180 days, this is then noted on the person’s credit report as a charge-off.
• Even with a charge-off, the outstanding balance will remain on one’s credit report (noted as a charge-off), unless it is sold to a collection agency. In that case, the balance reverts to zero but the charge-off remains.
Consequences of a Charge-Off
A charge-off stays on a person’s credit report for seven years from the first delinquent payment date, usually, even if they pay off their debt in full or the statute of limitations runs out. In fact, once consumers have a charge-off on their record, it can be difficult to have it reversed.
Among the consequences of having a charge-off on a credit report: It could result in higher interest rates on future lending products, or even being turned down for a credit card or loan.
There are a few scenarios where cardholders might be able to have a charge-off taken off their credit report. If an individual can prove that the charge-off was inaccurate, they can apply to have it removed under the Fair Credit Reporting Act. It can also be helpful to reach out to the creditor directly to try to reach a resolution.
It may be possible to have the charge-off removed as part of a debt settlement agreement or on a goodwill basis in the event of personal hardship or an honest mistake — though there are no guarantees. 💡 Quick Tip: With low interest rates compared to credit cards, a personal loan for credit card consolidation can substantially lower your payments.
What You Can Do About a Charge-Off
Paying off the charge-off or collection may reduce the negative impact on a credit score. It may also be wise to contact the lender to discuss a payment settlement, which may also reduce the credit impact.
If a credit card account is charged off, it may continue to accrue interest until it is paid. Once the balance is finally paid off in full, it will be noted on the individual’s credit card report.
A credit card charge-off on a credit report can make anyone’s financial life more difficult, so prevention may be the best bet.
Contacting the creditor to arrange a payment plan could be an option to keep a charge-off from being reported on your credit report. Switching to a lower-interest credit card or consolidating debt with a credit card consolidation loan may be steps to consider for managing debts before a charge-off affects a credit report.
Developing habits for using a credit card responsibly by setting a budget and ensuring that there’s enough money on hand to cover necessary and discretionary purchases, keeping a close eye on credit card statements, and adhering to payment schedules is a good way to successfully manage your finances. Even if you can’t afford to pay the balance due in full, it’s a good idea to pay at least the minimum on time.
Disputing a Charge-Off
If you’ve determined that the charge-off is not accurate — whether the debt doesn’t belong to you, the amount is incorrect, or the statute of limitations has passed — you can begin the dispute process.
You can begin by filing a formal dispute with the credit reporting bureau. You can mail a dispute form to each bureau or use their online dispute filing process at the following links:
• Equifax
• Experian
• TransUnion
Each credit bureau has its own process for handling disputes, but generally, you can expect a reply within about 30 days. You’ll be able to check the status of your dispute online after setting up an account with the credit bureau.
The credit bureau will begin by contacting the creditor, e.g., the credit card issuer or the lender, requesting them to check their records. If the information that was reported was incorrect, your credit report will be corrected, while any correct information will remain on your report.
After a dispute is completed, the credit bureau will update your credit report with the final outcome, whether that’s deleting the disputed item or leaving it on your credit report because it was found to be a valid debt.
Paying Off a Charge-Off
If the charged-off debt is yours, you are legally responsible for paying it. You have some options for doing so.
• If the original creditor has not sold the debt to a collector, you can work directly with them to pay the debt. If the debt has been sold to a collections agency, you’ll be working with the agency instead of the original creditor.
• In either case, you can make a payment plan to pay down the debt, or you could also try to negotiate a settlement for less than the amount owed if you’re able to pay some amount in full.
• A paid debt will be reported as “paid collection” on a credit report, and a settled debt will be reported as a “settled charge-off.”
• After the debt is paid in full, asking for a final payment letter is the way to have proof that the debt is no longer outstanding.
A debt being charged off and a debt being sent to collections are related, but different. Here’s a comparison:
Charge-Off
Collections
The creditor removes the debt from its balance sheet because they deem it unlikely to be paid.
The creditor hires a debt collector to attempt collection or sells the debt to a debt collection agency.
Collection attempts may still be made by the original creditor.
Collection attempts are made by the debt collection agency.
Creditor will report the charge-off to the credit bureaus.
Debt collectors must send a debt validation notice within five days of first contacting you about the outstanding debt.
You may be able to work with the original creditor to pay down the debt.
Any payment arrangements or settlement negotiations will be with the collection agency.
The Takeaway
A credit card charge-off may remain on a credit report for years and have a negative impact on your credit score. Preventing a charge-off by developing responsible spending habits, consolidating debt, or trying to arrange a payment plan may be the best bet.
If you are struggling with debt, a debt consolidation loan might help. It’s a personal loan used to consolidate multiple high-interest debts into one with a lower interest rate or with more manageable monthly payments.
Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.
SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2023 winner for Best Online Personal Loan overall.
FAQ
Is paying off charge-offs a good idea?
It can be a good idea, depending on the age of the debt. If the debt is old and beyond the statute of limitations for collection, making a payment on the debt could restart the clock on a time-barred debt.
What is a charge-off vs collection?
A charge-off happens when a creditor deems it unlikely that a debt will be paid. Collections are the next step in the process, whether the original creditor attempts to collect the debt or the debt is sold to a debt collection agency.
How does a charge off affect your credit score?
A charge-off is a negative entry on your credit report which could lower your credit score. It can affect your ability to qualify for future loans, your rental options, and even car insurance rates.
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Equity financing trades a percentage of a business’s equity, or ownership, in exchange for funding. Equity financing can come from an individual investor, a firm or even groups of investors.
Unlike traditional debt financing, you don’t repay funding you receive from investors; rather, their investment is repaid by their ownership stake in the growing value of your company. Equity financing is a common type of financing for startup businesses — especially for pre-revenue startups that don’t qualify for traditional loans — and businesses that want to avoid taking out small-business loans.
What is equity in business?
Business equity refers to the amount of ownership in a company or business, usually calculated as a percentage or by number of shares. For smaller private companies, equity is usually reserved for owners, investors and sometimes employees, while larger, publicly traded companies may also sell equity on the stock market.
Business equity is calculated by subtracting a business’s total liabilities from its total assets. For that reason, equity reflects a business’s value and indicates to shareholders the business’s overall financial stability.
How does equity financing work?
The process of getting equity financing will vary depending on the type of equity financing you’re looking for, your business and your investors. Generally, you can expect to follow these steps.
Gather documents
Before you start looking for investors, you’ll need documents like a business plan and financial reports, plus an idea of how much capital you need and what you will use it for. These are all things you’ll need to outline to a potential investor in your business pitch.
Find investors
If you don’t know investors or have potential investors in mind already, consider leveraging your personal or professional network to understand your options. You can also use online platforms to search for investors, or even check LinkedIn or attend local networking events.
Negotiate how much equity to give to your investors
Once you’ve found your investors, they may conduct their own business valuation, whereby they determine the potential value of your business to decide how much equity they want for their investment. Factors like business stage, amount of risk based on market trends and expected return based on financial projections will influence this negotiation. Angel investors may request 20-25% for example, while venture capitalists may want up to 40%.
Use funds
Once you’ve negotiated a price, the cash you receive from investors may be used for product development, new hires, debt refinance or working capital.
Share profits
Once your business starts making money, your investors will be entitled to a portion of your profits depending on how much equity they have in your business. This percentage will be paid to your investors in dividends within a predetermined time frame. If your business fails to make money, original investments do not have to be repaid.
Pros and cons of equity financing
Pros
No repayment terms. Strictly speaking, you don’t “repay” an investor in your company the way you would a lender. Instead, the initial investment is repaid by the prospect of the future value and profits of your business. While loans can be a great way to fund your business, not having monthly or weekly payments can be very beneficial to startups or businesses that are focused on growth.
Access to advisors. Most investors have invested before, and have likely even run their own businesses, which can make them a good resource as you navigate the ups and downs of running your business. Plus, because they have money invested in your business, your investors will have a special interest in helping your business succeed.
Larger funding amounts. You may qualify for larger amounts of financing with equity investors than with debt financing, especially if you’re a startup business. In addition, if you end up needing more money along the way, an investor may provide additional injections.
Alternative qualification requirements. Rather than business revenue or personal credit, investors will typically look at things like your business idea’s potential and your character.
Cons
Loss of ownership. Any time you receive an equity investment, your percentage of ownership in the business will decrease, which can affect your share of any future profits and value.
Loss of control. When you hand over ownership, you may also be handing over some control of your business, which can become problematic if you and your investors don’t see eye to eye.
Usually for high-growth, high-potential businesses. Equity financing is usually tailored for fast-growing businesses with high growth potential, which means many small businesses won’t be the right fit for this type of financing.
Common types of equity financing
Angel investing
Angel investors are high-net-worth individuals, most often accredited, who invest their own money in startups or early-stage operating businesses. It is possible to find angel investors through platforms like the Angel Capital Association or AngelList, but they can also be personal acquaintances or members of your professional network. Angel investors are a good option for business pitches or pre-revenue startups because they are often experienced individuals who can provide guidance in addition to funding.
Venture capital
Venture capital (VC) is a type of equity financing that’s similar to angel investing, but instead of wealthy individuals, VCs are usually investing on behalf of a venture capital firm. In general, VC can be a little more difficult to qualify for, and firms usually get involved after angel investors have already made initial investments. VC may be best fit for early-stage, high-growth businesses that have started operating already.
Equity crowdfunding
Equity crowdfunding is a form of equity financing that draws on groups of online investors, some accredited and some not, to fund businesses. Crowdfunding platforms allow potential investors to learn about businesses or business pitches through online profiles created by the business owners. Some may find less pressure in raising capital on crowdfunding platforms, which may make equity crowdfunding a good option for less experienced entrepreneurs or smaller businesses. However, online investing poses additional risk of fraud, so you want to be diligent about the platform you use. In addition, issuing more shares, however small, may dilute your ownership and increase costs more than using an angel investor or VC.
Alternatives to equity financing
Small-business loans. Small-business loans are a common type of debt financing, and a fair alternative to equity financing. Loans can be either term loans or lines of credit, and may come from banks, online lenders, credit unions or nonprofit lenders like community development financial institutions (CDFIs).
Small-business grants. If you want to avoid taking on debt and keep control of your business, and you don’t need a ton of funding, consider looking for small-business grants instead. Grants can be tricky to find and usually don’t fund in large amounts, but they can be worth it for funding that you don’t need to pay back.
Self-investing. Tapping into your own savings can be a way to maintain full ownership of your business and avoid paying any interest. However, you risk losing your savings if your business fails, so it’s best to seek the advice of a financial professional to determine whether this option is right for you.
Friends and family. If you have friends or family members you trust and who support you and your business, they may be willing to provide funding. Though this may feel less formal than receiving funding from a bank or other financial institution, you should still create a contract that details the terms of the loan.
Average mortgage rates fell moderately yesterday. That was a bit of a surprise (though a welcome one) because yesterday’s inflation report would normally have pushed them higher. Read on for why markets might have reacted unexpectedly.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might fall. But these early mini-trends often switch direction or speed as the hours pass — as we saw yesterday.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
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Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.015%
7.03%
-0.07
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.28%
6.31%
-0.1
Conventional 20-year fixed
6.91%
6.93%
-0.065
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.09%
6.125%
-0.14
30-year fixed FHA
5.875%
6.545%
-0.3
30-year fixed VA
5.99%
6.14%
-0.085
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.31%
7.56%
-0.005
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
Yesterday’s fall in mortgage rates showed markets continuing to have faith in a “soft landing,” which will occur if we continue to see falling inflation together with a resilient economy. Indeed, it suggests that faith can’t be shaken even by occasional unfriendly data.
I think a soft landing remains the most likely scenario for 2024.
So, my personal rate lock recommendations are:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
FLOAT if closing in 15 days
FLOAT if closing in 30 days
FLOAT if closing in 45 days
FLOATif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes tumbled to 3.93% from 4.04%. (Good for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were rising this morning. (Bad for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices increased to $74.42 from $72.80 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices climbed to $2,065 from $2,036 an ounce. (Good for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — inched lower to 73 from 75. (Good for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to decrease. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
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What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Yesterday
I suspect that Wall Street has bought the narrative of a soft landing (see above) and, for now, is prepared to stick to it through thick and thin. That’s my only real explanation for why mortgage rates fell yesterday despite an unfriendly inflation report.
True, some saw the report as less unfriendly than others. The New York Times (paywall), for example, reported it under the headline, “Price Increases Tick Higher, but Show Moderation.”
But the consumer price index (CPI) was undeniably worse than expected. And that would normally exert some upward pressure on mortgage rates. Still, let’s not give this gift horse too close a dental inspection.
Today
Producer price indexes (PPIs) are typically less important than CPIs. But they still sometimes affect mortgage rates.
Today’s PPI showed factory-gate and wholesale prices rising more slowly than expected. And that would normally be good for mortgage rates. However, as we saw yesterday, markets don’t always follow such “rules.”
Next week
Rather like this week, next week starts slowly but contains an important economic report. Things are especially quiet on Monday because bond markets are closed for Martin Luther King Day. And closed bond markets mean mortgage rates shouldn’t move. (So, we shall not be publishing this daily report on Monday.)
Tuesday’s similarly dull with no economic reports scheduled for release.
However, Wednesday is potentially next week’s big day for mortgage rates, led by the retail sales report for December. But, after that, things tail off again.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Jan. 11 report put that same weekly average at 6.66%, up from the previous week’s 6.62%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the last quarter (Q4/23) and the following three quarters (Q1/24, Q2/24 and Q3/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Dec. 19 and the MBA’s on Dec. 13.
Forecaster
Q4/23
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Fannie Mae
7.4%
7.0%
6.8%
6.6%
MBA
7.4%
7.0%
6.6%
6.3%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
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Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
For the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
In fact, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. This gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements, or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders — and it could save you thousands in the long run.
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Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.