The VA home loan: Unbeatable benefits for veterans
For many who qualify, VA home loans are some of the best mortgages available.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA loans are designed to help active-duty military personnel, veterans and certain other groups become homeowners at an affordable cost.
The VA loan asks for no down payment, requires no mortgage insurance, and has lenient rules about qualifying, among many other advantages.
Here’s everything you need to know about qualifying for and using a VA loan.
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Top 10 VA loan benefits
1. No down payment on a VA loan
Most home loan programs require you to make at least a small down payment to buy a home. The VA home loan is an exception.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Rather than paying 5%, 10%, 20% or more of the home’s purchase price upfront in cash, with a VA loan you can finance up to 100% of the purchase price.
The VA loan is a true no-money-down home mortgage opportunity.
2. No mortgage insurance for VA loans
Typically, lenders require you to pay for mortgage insurance if you make a down payment that’s less than 20%.
This insurance — which is known as private mortgage insurance (PMI) for a conventional loan and a mortgage insurance premium (MIP) for an FHA loan — would protect the lender if you defaulted on your loan.
VA loans require neither a down payment nor mortgage insurance. That makes a VA-backed mortgage very affordable upfront and over time.
3. VA loans have a government guarantee
There’s a reason why the VA loan comes with such favorable terms.
The federal government guarantees these loans — meaning a portion of the loan amount will be repaid to the lender even if you’re unable to make monthly payments for whatever reason.
This guarantee encourages and enables private lenders to offer VA loans with exceptionally attractive terms.
4. You can shop for the best VA loan rates
VA loans are neither originated nor funded by the VA. They are not direct loans from the government. Furthermore, mortgage rates for VA loans are not set by the VA itself.
Instead, VA loans are offered by U.S. banks, savings-and-loans institutions, credit unions, and mortgage lenders — each of which sets its own VA loan rates and fees.
This means you can shop around and compare loan offers and still choose the VA loan that works best for your budget.
5. VA loans don’t allow a prepayment penalty
A VA loan won’t restrict your right to sell the property partway through your loan term.
There’s no prepayment penalty or early-exit fee no matter within what time frame you decide to sell your home.
Furthermore, there are no restrictions regarding a refinance of your VA loan.
You can refinance your existing VA loan into another VA loan via the agency’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL) program, or switch into a non-VA loan at any time.
6. VA mortgages come in many varieties
A VA loan can have a fixed rate or an adjustable rate. In addition, you can use a VA loan to buy a house, condo, new-built home, manufactured home, duplex, or other types of properties.
Or, it can be used for refinancing your existing mortgage, making repairs or improvements to your home, or making your home more energy-efficient.
The choice is yours. A VA-approved lender can help you decide.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
7. It’s easier to qualify for VA loans
Like all mortgage types, VA loans require specific documentation, an acceptable credit history, and sufficient income to make your monthly payments.
But, compared to other loan programs, VA loan guidelines tend to be more flexible. This is made possible because of the VA loan guarantee.
The Department of Veterans Affairs genuinely wants to make the loan process easier for military members, veterans, and qualifying military spouses to buy or refinance a home.
8. VA loan closing costs are lower
The VA limits the closing costs lenders can charge to VA loan applicants. This is another way that a VA loan can be more affordable than other types of loans.
Money saved on closing costs can be used for furniture, moving costs, home improvements, or anything else.
9. The VA offers funding fee flexibility
VA loans require a “funding fee,” an upfront cost based on your loan amount, your type of eligible service, your down payment size, and other factors.
Funding fees don’t need to be paid in cash, though. The VA allows the fee to be financed with the loan, so nothing is due at closing.
And, not all VA borrowers will pay it. VA funding fees are normally waived for veterans who receive VA disability compensation and for unmarried surviving spouses of veterans who died in service or as a result of a service-connected disability.
10. VA loans are assumable
Most VA loans are “assumable,” which means you can transfer your VA loan to a future home buyer if that person is also VA-eligible.
Assumable loans can be a huge benefit when you sell your home — especially in a rising mortgage rate environment.
If your home loan has today’s low rate and market rates rise in the future, the assumption features of your VA become even more valuable.
VA loan rates
The VA loan is viewed as one of the lowest-risk mortgage types available on the market.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
This safety allows banks to lend to veteran borrowers at lower interest rates.
Today’s VA loan rates*
Loan Type
Current Mortgage Rate
VA 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 30-year FRM
% (% APR)
VA 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
Conventional 15-year FRM
% (% APR)
*Current rates provided daily by partners of the Mortgage Reports. See our loan assumptions here.
VA rates are more than 25 basis points (0.25%) lower than conventional rates on average, according to data collected by mortgage software company Ellie Mae.
Most loan programs require higher down payment and credit scores than the VA home loan. In the open market, a VA loan should carry a higher rate due to more lenient lending guidelines and higher perceived risk.
Yet the result of the Veterans Affairs efforts to keep veterans in their homes means lower risk for banks and lower borrowing costs for eligible veterans.
VA mortgage calculator
Eligibility
Am I eligible for a VA home loan?
Contrary to popular belief, VA loans are available not only to veterans, but also to other classes of military members.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
The list of eligible VA borrowers includes:
Active-duty service members
Members of the National Guard
Reservists
Surviving spouses of veterans
Cadets at the U.S. Military, Air Force or Coast Guard Academy
Midshipmen at the U.S. Naval Academy
Officers at the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.
A minimum term of service is typically required.
Minimum service required for a VA mortgage
VA home loans are available to active-duty service members, veterans (unless dishonorably discharged), and in some cases, surviving family members.
To be eligible, you need to meet one of these service requirements:
You’ve served 181 days of active duty during peacetime
You’ve served 90 days of active duty during wartime
You’ve served six years in the Reserves or National Guard
Your spouse was killed in the line of duty and you have not remarried
Your eligibility for the VA home loan program never expires.
Veterans who earned their VA entitlement long ago are still using their benefit to buy homes.
The VA loan Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
What is a COE?
In order to show a mortgage company you are VA-eligible, you’ll need a Certificate of Eligibility (COE). Your lender can acquire one for you online, usually in a matter of seconds.
Verify your VA home loan eligibility. Start here
How to get your COE (Certificate of Eligibility)
Getting a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) is very easy in most cases. Simply have your lender order the COE through the VA’s automated system. Any VA-approved lender can do this.
Alternatively, you can order your certificate yourself through the VA benefits portal.
If the online system is unable to issue your COE, you’ll need to provide your DD-214 form to your lender or the VA.
Does a COE mean you are guaranteed a VA loan?
No, having a Certificate of Eligibility (COE) doesn’t guarantee a VA loan approval.
Your COE shows the lender you’re eligible for a VA loan, but no one is guaranteed VA loan approval.
You must still qualify for the loan based on VA mortgage guidelines. The guarantee part of the VA loan refers to the VA’s promise to the lender of repayment if the borrower defaults.
Qualifying for a VA mortgage
VA loan eligibility vs. qualification
Being eligible for VA home loan benefits based on your military status or affiliation doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll qualify for a VA loan.
You still have to qualify for a VA mortgage based on your credit, debt, and income.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Minimum credit score for a VA loan
The VA has established no minimum credit score for a VA mortgage.
However, many VA mortgage lenders require minimum FICO scores of 620 or higher — so apply with many lenders if your credit score might be an issue.
Even VA lenders that allow lower credit scores don’t accept subprime credit.
VA underwriting guidelines state that applicants must have paid their obligations on time for at least the most recent 12 months to be considered satisfactory credit risks.
In addition, the VA usually requires a two-year waiting period following a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or foreclosure before it will insure a loan.
Borrowers in Chapter 13 must have made at least 12 on-time payments and secure the approval of the bankruptcy court.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
VA loan debt-to-income ratios
The relationship of your debts and your income is called your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI.
VA underwriters divide your monthly debts (car payments, credit cards, and other accounts, plus your proposed housing expense) by your gross (before-tax) income to come up with your debt-to-income ratio.
For instance:
If your gross income is $4,000 per month
And your total monthly debt is $1,500 (including the new mortgage, property taxes and homeowners insurance, plus other debt payments)
Then your DTI is 37.5% (1500/4000=0.375)
A DTI over 41% means the lender has to apply additional formulas to see if you qualify under residual income guidelines.
VA residual income rules
VA underwriters perform additional calculations that can affect your mortgage approval.
Factoring in your estimated monthly utilities, your estimated taxes on income, and the area of the country in which you live, the VA arrives at a figure which represents your “true” costs of living.
It then subtracts that figure from your income to find your residual income (e.g. your money “left over” each month).
Think of the residual income calculation as a real-world simulation of your living expenses.
It is the VA’s best effort to ensure that military families have a stress-free homeownership experience.
Here is an example of how residual income works, assuming a family of four which is purchasing a 2,000 square-foot home on a $5,000 monthly income.
Future house payment, plus other debt payments: $2,500
Monthly estimated income taxes: $1,000
Monthly estimated utilities at $0.14 per square foot: $280
This leaves a residual income calculation of $1,220.
Now, compare that residual income to for a family of four:
Northeast Region: $1,025
Midwest Region: $1,003
South Region: $1,003
West Region: $1,117
The borrower in our example exceeds VA’s residual income standards in all parts of the country.
Therefore, despite the borrower’s debt-to-income ratio of 50%, the borrower could get approved for a VA loan.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Qualifying for a VA loan with part-time income
You can qualify for this type of financing even if you have a part-time job or multiple jobs.
You must show a 2-year history of making consistent part-time income, and stability in the number of hours worked. The lender will make sure any income received appears stable. See our complete guide to getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed or work part-time.
VA funding fees and loan limits
About the VA funding fee
The VA charges an upfront fee to defray the costs of the program and make it sustainable for the future.
Veterans pay a lump sum that varies depending on the loan purpose and down payment amount.
The fee is normally wrapped into the loan. It does not add to the cash needed to close the loan.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
VA home purchase funding fees
Type of Military Service
Down Payment
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Use
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
None
2.3%
3.6%
5% or more
1.65%
1.65%
10% or more
1.4%
1.4%
VA cash-out refinance funding fees
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
2.3%
3.6%
VA streamline refinances (IRRRL) & assumptions
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
0.5%
0.5%
Manufactured home loans not permanently affixed
Type of Military Service
Fee for First-Time Use
Fee for Subsequent Uses
Active Duty, Reserves, and National Guard
1.0%
1.0%
VA loan limits in 2024
VA loan limits have been repealed, thanks to the Blue Water Navy Vietnam Veterans Act of 2019.
There is no maximum amount for which a home buyer can receive a VA loan, at least as far as the VA is concerned.
However, private lenders may set their own limits. So check with your lender if you are looking for a VA loan above local conforming loan limits.
Verify your VA loan eligibility. Start here
Eligible property types
Houses you can buy with a VA loan
VA mortgages are flexible about what types of property you can and can’t purchase. A VA loan can be used to buy a:
Detached house
Condo
New-built home
Manufactured home
Duplex, triplex or four-unit property
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
You can also use a VA mortgage to refinance an existing loan for any of those types of properties.
VA loans and second homes
Federal regulations limit loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs to “primary residences” only.
However, “primary residence” is defined as the home in which you live “most of the year.”
Therefore, if you own an out-of-state residence in which you live for more than six months of the year, this other home, whether it’s your vacation home or retirement property, becomes your official “primary residence.”
For this reason, VA loans are popular among aging military borrowers.
Buying a multi-unit home with a VA loan
VA loans allow you to buy a duplex, triplex, or four-plex with 100% financing. You must live in one of the units.
Buying a home with more than one unit can be challenging.
Mortgage lenders consider these properties riskier to finance than traditional, single-family residences, so you’ll need to be a stronger borrower.
VA underwriters must make sure you will have enough emergency savings, or cash reserves, after closing on your house. That’s to ensure you’ll have money to pay your mortgage even if a tenant fails to pay rent or moves out.
The minimum cash reserves needed after closing is six months of mortgage payments (covering principal, interest, taxes, and insurance – PITI).
Your lender will also want to know about previous landlord experience you’ve had, or any experience with property maintenance or renting.
If you don’t have any, you may be able to sidestep that issue by hiring a property management company. But that’s up to the individual lender.
Your lender will look at the income (or potential income) of the rental units, using either existing rental agreements or an appraiser’s opinion of what the units should fetch.
They’ll usually take 75% of that amount to offset your mortgage payment when calculating your monthly expenses.
VA loans and rental properties
You cannot use a VA loan to buy a rental property. You can, however, use a VA loan to refinance an existing rental home you once occupied as a primary home.
For home purchases, in order to obtain a VA loan, you must certify that you intend to occupy the home as your principal residence.
If the property is a duplex, triplex, or four-unit apartment building, you must occupy one of the units yourself. Then you can rent out the other units.
The exception to this rule is the VA’s Interest Rate Reduction Refinance Loan (IRRRL).
This loan, also known as the VA Streamline Refinance, can be used for refinancing an existing VA loan on a home where you currently live or where you used to live, but no longer do.
Check your VA IRRRL eligibility. Start here
Buying a condo with a VA loan
The VA maintains a list of approved condo projects within which you may purchase a unit with a VA loan.
At VA’s website, you can search for the thousands of approved condominium complexes across the U.S.
If you are VA-eligible and in the market for a condo, make sure the unit you’re interested in is approved.
As a buyer, you are probably not able to get the complex VA-approved. That’s up to the management company or homeowner’s association.
If a condo you like is not approved, you must use other financing like an FHA or conventional loan or find another property.
Note that the condo must meet FHA or conventional guidelines if you want to use those types of financing.
Veteran mortgage relief with the VA loan
The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, or VA, provides home retention assistance. The VA intervenes when a veteran is having trouble making home loan payments.
The VA works with loan servicers to offer loan options to the veteran, other than foreclosure.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
In fiscal year 2019, the VA made over 400,000 contact actions to reach borrowers and loan servicers. The intent was to work out a mutually agreeable repayment option for both parties.
More than 100,000 veteran homeowners avoided foreclosure in 2019 alone thanks to this effort.
The initiative has saved the taxpayer an estimated $2.6 billion. More importantly, vast numbers of veterans and military families got another chance at homeownership.
When NOT to use a VA loan
If you have good credit and 20% down
A primary advantage to VA home loans is the lack of mortgage insurance.
However, the VA guarantee does not come free of charge. Borrowers pay an upfront funding fee, which they usually choose to add to their loan amount.
The fee ranges from 1.4% to 3.6%, depending on the down payment percentage and whether the home buyer has previously used his or her VA mortgage eligibility. The most common fee is 2.3%.
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
On a $200,000 purchase, a 2.3% fee equals $4,600.
However, buyers who choose a conventional mortgage and put 20% down get to avoid mortgage insurance and the upfront fee. For these military home buyers, the VA funding fee might be an unnecessary expense.
The exception: Mortgage applicants whose credit rating or income meets VA guidelines but not those of conventional mortgages may still opt for VA.
If you’re on the “CAIVRS” list
To qualify for a VA loan, you must prove you have made good on previous government-backed debts and that you have paid taxes.
The Credit Alert Verification Reporting System, or “CAIVRS,” is a database of consumers who have defaulted on government obligations. These individuals are not eligible for the VA home loan program.
If you have a non-veteran co-borrower
Veterans often apply to buy a home with a non-veteran who is not their spouse.
This is okay. However, it might not be their best choice.
As the veteran, your income must cover your half of the loan payment. The non-veteran’s income cannot be used to compensate for the veteran’s insufficient income.
Plus, when a non-veteran owns half the loan, the VA guarantees only half that amount. The lender will require a 12.5% down payment for the non-guaranteed portion.
The Conventional 97 mortgage, on the other hand, allows down payments as low as 3%.
Another low-down-payment mortgage option is the FHA home loan, for which 3.5% down is acceptable.
The USDA home loan also requires zero down payment and offers similar rates to VA loans. However, the property must be within USDA-eligible areas.
If you plan to borrow with a non-veteran, one of these loan types might be your better choice.
Explore your mortgage options. Start here
If you apply with a credit-challenged spouse
In states with community property laws, VA lenders must consider the credit rating and financial obligations of your spouse. This rule applies even if he or she will not be on the home’s title or even on the mortgage.
Such states are as follows.
Arizona
California
Idaho
Louisiana
Nevada
New Mexico
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
A spouse with less-than-perfect credit or who owes alimony, child support, or other maintenance can make your VA approval more challenging.
Apply for a conventional loan if you qualify for the mortgage by yourself. The spouse’s financial history and status need not be considered if he or she is not on the loan application.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
If you want to buy a vacation home or investment property
The purpose of VA financing is to help veterans and active-duty service members buy and live in their own home. This loan is not meant to build real estate portfolios.
These loans are for primary residences only, so if you want a ski cabin or rental, you’ll have to get a conventional loan.
If you want to purchase a high-end home
Starting January 2020, there are no limits to the size of mortgage a lender can approve.
However, lenders may establish their own limits for VA loans, so check with your lender before applying for a large VA loan.
Spouses and the VA mortgage program
What spouses are eligible for a VA loan?
What if the service member passes away before he or she uses the benefit? Eligibility passes to an unremarried spouse, in many cases.
Find and lock a low VA loan rate today. Start here
For the surviving spouse to be eligible, the deceased service member must have:
Died in the line of duty
Passed away as a result of a service-connected disability
Been missing in action, or a prisoner of war, for at least 90 days
Been a totally disabled veteran for at least 10 years prior to death, and died from any cause
Also eligible are remarried spouses who married after the age of 57, on or after December 16, 2003.
In these cases, the surviving spouse can use VA loan eligibility to buy a home with zero down payment, just as the veteran would have.
VA loan benefits for surviving spouses
Surviving spouses have an additional VA loan benefit, however. They are exempt from the VA funding fee. As a result, their loan balance and monthly payment will be lower.
Surviving spouses are also eligible for a VA streamline refinance when they meet the following guidelines.
The surviving spouse was married to the veteran at the time of death
The surviving spouse was on the original VA loan
VA streamline refinancing is typically not available when the deceased veteran was the only applicant on the original VA loan, even if he or she got married after buying the home.
In this case, the surviving spouse would need to qualify for a non-VA refinance, or a VA cash-out loan.
A cash-out mortgage through VA requires the military spouse to meet home purchase eligibility requirements.
If this is the case, the surviving spouse can tap into the home’s equity to raise cash for any purpose, or even pay off an FHA or conventional loan to eliminate mortgage insurance.
Qualifying if you receive (or pay) child support or alimony
Buying a home after a divorce is no easy task.
If, prior to your divorce, you lived in a two-income household, you now have less spending power and a reduced monthly income for purposes of your VA home loan application.
With less income, it can be harder to meet both the VA Home Loan Guaranty’s debt-to-income (DTI) guidelines and the VA residual income requirement for your area.
Receiving alimony or child support can counteract a loss of income.
Mortgage lenders will not require you to provide information about your divorce agreement’s alimony or child support terms, but if you’re willing to disclose, it can count toward qualifying for a home loan.
Different VA-approved lenders will treat alimony and child support income differently.
Typically, you will be asked to provide a copy of your divorce settlement or other court paperwork to support the alimony and child support payments.
Lenders will then want to see that the payments are stable, reliable, and likely to continue for another 36 months, at least.
You may also be asked to show proof that alimony and child support payments have been made in the past reliably, so that the lender may use the income as part of your VA loan application.
If you are the payor of alimony and child support payments, your debt-to-income ratio can be harmed.
Not only might you be losing the second income of your dual-income households, but you’re making additional payments that count against your outflows.
VA mortgage lenders make careful calculations with respect to such payments.
You can still get approved for a VA loan while making such payments — it’s just more difficult to show sufficient monthly income.
VA loan assumption
What is VA loan assumption?
One benefit for home buyers is that VA loans are assumable. When you assume a mortgage loan, you take over the current homeowner’s monthly payment.
Verify your VA loan home buying eligibility. Start here
That could be a big advantage if mortgage rates have risen since the original owner purchased the home. The buyer would be able to acquire a low-rate, affordable loan — and it could make it easier for the seller to find a willing buyer in a tough market.
VA loan assumption savings
Buying a home via an assumable mortgage loan is even more appealing when interest rates are on the rise.
For example:
Say a seller-financed $200,000 for their home in 2013 at an interest rate of 3.25% on a 30-year fixed loan
Using this scenario, their principal and interest payment would be $898 per month
Let’s assume current 30-year fixed rates averaged 4.10%
If you financed $200,000 at 4.10% for a 30-year loan term, your monthly principal and interest payment would be $966 per month
Additionally, because the seller has already paid four years into the loan term, they’ve already paid nearly $25,000 in interest on the loan.
By assuming the loan, you would save $34,560 over the 30-year loan due to the difference in interest rates. You would also save roughly $25,000 thanks to the interest already paid by the sellers.
That comes out to a total savings of almost $60,000!
How to assume (take on) a VA loan
There are currently two ways to assume a VA loan.
The new buyer is a qualified veteran who “substitutes” his or her VA eligibility for the eligibility of the seller
The new home buyer qualifies through VA standards for the mortgage payment. This is the safest method for the seller as it allows the loan to be assumed knowing that the new buyer is responsible for the loan, and the seller is no longer responsible for the loan
The lender and/or the VA needs to approve a loan assumption.
Loans serviced by a lender with automatic authority may process assumptions without sending them to a VA Regional Loan Center.
For lenders without automatic authority, the loan must be sent to the appropriate VA Regional Loan Center for approval. This loan process will typically take several weeks.
When VA loans are assumed, it’s the servicer’s responsibility to make sure the homeowner who assumes the property meets both VA and lender requirements.
VA loan assumption requirements
For a VA mortgage assumption to take place, the following conditions must be met:
The existing loan must be current. If not, any past due amounts must be paid at or before closing
The buyer must qualify based on VA credit and income standards
The buyer must assume all mortgage obligations, including repayment to the VA if the loan goes into default
The original owner or new owner must pay a funding fee of 0.5% of the existing principal loan balance
A processing fee must be paid in advance, including a reasonable estimate for the cost of the credit report
Find out if you qualify for a VA loan. Start here
Finding assumable VA loans
There are several ways for home buyers to find an assumable VA loan.
Believe it or not, print media is still alive and well. Some home sellers advertise their assumable home for sale in the newspaper, or in a local real estate publication.
There are a number of online resources for finding assumable mortgage loans.
Websites like TakeList.com and Zumption.com give homeowners a way to showcase their properties to home buyers looking to assume a loan.
With the help of the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), real estate agents remain a great resource for home buyers.
This applies to home buyers specifically searching for assumable VA loans as well.
How do I apply for a VA loan?
You can easily and quickly have a lender pull your certificate of eligibility (COE) to make sure you’re able to get a VA loan.
Most mortgage lenders offer VA home loans. So you’re free to shop and compare rates with just about any company that catches your eye.
Getting a VA loan for your new home is similar in many ways to securing any other purchase loan. Once you find an ideal home in your price range, you make a purchase offer, and then undergo VA appraisal and underwriting.
VA appraisal ensures that the home meets its minimum property requirements (MPRs) and is structurally sound and safe for occupancy.
What’s more, VA-specific mortgage lenders are actually some of the highest-rated (and lowest-priced) on the market. Here are a few we’d recommend checking out.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
A plan by the Department of Veterans Affairs to introduce a low-interest refinancing option for veterans with VA-backed loans facing foreclosure drew ire from a House lawmaker who complained some homeowners might choose to default for lower monthly payments. (Stars and Stripes)
WASHINGTON — A plan by the Department of Veterans Affairs to introduce a low-interest refinancing option for veterans with VA-backed loans facing foreclosure drew ire of a House lawmaker who complained some homeowners might choose to default for lower monthly payments.
Rep. Merrick Van Orden, R-Wis., chairman of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs subpanel on economic opportunity, on Thursday questioned whether the new VA Servicing Purchase program — also known as VASP — will cause some homeowners to forgo paying back home loans to qualify for VA refinancing at the lower rate of 2.5% offered by the program.
The average interest rate now for a 30-year fixed mortgage is 7.24%, according to Bankrate, a consumer financial services company that surveys major lenders weekly.
“It is essential that we support the dream of home ownership for veterans who served our country,” said Van Orden, a Navy veteran who used a traditional VA home loan to buy his house. “I have used this program myself, and it is awesome.”
But he also said he has “grave reservations” that the new VASP program would result in unintended consequences that could destroy the VA home loan program.
The refinancing option is expected to be rolled out in spring, according to the VA.
Under the program, the VA would purchase the loan from the servicer to hold it in its own portfolio. Qualifying veterans would be allowed to refinance their mortgages under the VASP rate of 2.5% after falling behind on at least two mortgage payments.
“I am concerned that this program poses a moral hazard and will encourage veterans to become delinquent on their loans to let VA take over the servicing of their payments,” Van Orden said at a House hearing about the home loan program.
He said if the VA then experienced high delinquency rates under the VASP program, it could end up being responsible for thousands of home loans it serviced.
Van Orden questioned whether the VA should be in the business of servicing loans and expressed concern that the VA would force veterans out of their homes if they failed to pay down their mortgages.
Given that veterans are 50% more likely to be homeless than others, Van Orden said he could not imagine “the VA would go so far as to be kicking people out of their homes — default or no default.”
Under those circumstances, Van Orden speculated the federal government would end up owning mortgage-delinquent properties and letting the veterans stay in their homes.
“It is no longer private property. It is public property with private citizens living in public property. That was tried in the Soviet Union. I am not signing up for that,” he said.
Van Orden said the House subcommittee has received little information on how the VASP program will operate, its costs and its overall effect on the mortgage markets.
“All of this is a cause for concern,” he said. “We need answers on VASP.”
The VA announced the VASP program in November 2023 in the Federal Register that stated “VA is initiating an expanded program using existing refund provisions. Under this program, VA will exercise its statutory option to purchase the loan from the servicer and VA will hold the loan in VA’s own loan portfolio.”
VA-guaranteed loans comprise more than 10% of the mortgage market, according to the VA.
The VA worked to assist thousands of veterans during the coronavirus pandemic who fell behind on mortgage payments, said Rep. Mike Levin of California, the top Democrat on the subcommittee. He said many financial relief measures implemented during the pandemic have ended.
Levin said the VA in December 2023 paused foreclosures on VA home loans through May 31. The measure allows veterans who have defaulted on their loans to stay in their homes.
Under the foreclosure pause, the VA extended its coronavirus refund modification program that allowed the VA to purchase past due payments — along with additional principal amounts as necessary — and give veterans a second mortgage with no interest.
Lenders meanwhile are encouraged by the VA to work with delinquent homeowners to modify payments with plans that are more affordable. Last year, the VA helped more than 145,000 veterans and their families stay in their homes through various programs, the agency said.
“I understand that the VA cannot prevent every foreclosure. But I expect it to exhaust every option,” Levin said, in reference to VASP and other VA assistance programs.
VASP would provide refinancing at an interest rate lower than the current market rate, which would continue over the life span of the loan, said John Bell, executive director of the VA Home Loan Guaranty Program.
The VA estimates under a VASP Program loan — with a 2.5% fixed interest rate for 30 or 40 years — there would be an average payment reduction of 20%, in principal and interest, for homeowners.
“It is so important that we get this right,” said Levin, who urged the VA to let Congress know what additional tools it might need to assist borrowers in default and ensure that foreclosures occur only “in the most extreme circumstances.”
Bell said job loss, divorce and catastrophic illness can impact financial stability for homeowners.
The VA home loan program — established in 1944 during World War II for soldiers returning home — helps veterans, active-duty personnel, members of the reserves and National Guard, as well as their family members, buy homes, refinance loans and pay for home improvements.
VA has guaranteed more than 28 million loans, valued at nearly $4 trillion, since the program’s inception, Bell said.
One of the attractions of the VA home loan program is the offer of 100% financing without requiring a down payment. A veteran purchasing a home at $386,000 — the median rate now — could avoid a traditional 20% down payment of $77,000, he said.
In fiscal 2023, the VA received 860,000 calls from veterans seeking information and assistance with their home loans. He said 65,000 borrowers are at least 90 days late on their VA home loans.
Bell doubted homeowners would default on home loan payments, damage their credit and face foreclosure to secure a 2.5% interest rate through the VASP program.
“The VASP program is simply a more sustainable option for veterans who cannot afford other available loss mitigation options, such as repayment plans, special forbearances and traditional loan modifications,” he said.
But Van Orden disagreed.
“My focus is to ensure that veterans remain in their homes whenever possible,” he said. “But I am concerned that this program could evolve into a financial burden of billions of dollars in bailouts that fall on the shoulders of taxpayers.
The National Association of Realtors (NAR) announced on Wednesday the addition of a home repair estimate app to its package of NAR Realtor Benefits for members.
Curbio, a provider of pre-sale home improvement services that requires payment at closing, will provide its “Build Your Own Estimate” mobile app to NAR members, which offers free repair estimates for home inspections upon the upload of a PDF document. Members will also “receive a free digital floor plan with every Curbio project,” according to the announcement.
“This collaboration reflects our dedication to equipping NAR members with innovative solutions that cater to the evolving needs of their clients, ensuring a smooth experience for sellers and buyers alike,” said Rhonny Barragan, NAR vice president of strategic alliances in an announcement of the deal.
Second Century Ventures, NAR’s strategic investment division, included Curbio in its “REACH” startup growth program in 2019. Later that year, Curbio won the “pitch battle” segment at NAR’s second annual Innovation, Opportunity & Investment (iOi) summit that took place in Seattle.
“Today’s sellers want to work with real estate agents who offer added value, including the ability to get their home market-ready and spruced up without having to pay upfront,” said Olivia Mariani, CMO at Curbio. “We are thrilled to provide NAR members and their clients with access to our reliable pre-listing home improvements with pay-at-closing terms.”
Founded in 2017, Curbio is based in Potomac, Md. The company also lists Comcast Ventures, Revolution and Camber Creek as investors.
NAR members can navigate to a dedicated page on Curbio’s website to claim their new benefits, and the mobile app is available on both Apple‘s iOS and Google‘s Android operating systems. The company operates within a 40-mile radius of more than 60 major U.S. markets, according to the page.
Selling your house is often one of the largest financial transactions you’ll make in your life. It can be complex and emotionally challenging, especially if it’s your first time dealing with a home sale or if the house is full of family memories.
Despite these challenges, millions of people successfully sell their homes each year. The process is well-trodden, but each sale has its unique circumstances and can come with many curveballs.
Whether you’re downsizing, upgrading, relocating, or just ready for a change, selling your house is a big step. The task might seem daunting, but remember, you’re not alone. Many resources can guide you through this process, providing advice and support along the way.
This guide aims to simplify the process and provide you with step-by-step instructions to help sell your house.
From setting your objectives to finally handing over the keys, we’ll walk you through each stage. We will address common challenges and offer expert insights to ensure you’re well-prepared for the journey ahead. Our goal is to help you sell your house at the best possible price within your desired timeline, while minimizing stress and maximizing satisfaction.
Understand Your Selling Objectives
The first step in any successful real estate transaction is understanding your motivations and objectives for selling. Be clear about your goals and timeline to create a selling strategy that will get you the price you want for your home within the timeframe desired.
Why are you selling?
Your motivations for selling might be tied to lifestyle changes, financial circumstances, or relocation for work. Perhaps you’ve outgrown your current house, or maybe it’s become too big after the kids have moved out. You might need to relocate for a new job or prefer a change in scenery as you approach retirement. By identifying your reasons for selling, you’ll have a clearer idea of what you want to achieve with the sale.
What’s your timeline?
Your timeline can significantly influence your selling strategy. If you’re in a rush due to reasons like a job relocation or closing on another home, you may have to price your property more competitively to attract a faster sale. However, if you have the luxury of time, you can afford to be patient and wait for an offer that matches your ideal price.
Evaluate Your Financial Position
Understanding your financial situation is essential in the home-selling process. A realistic view of your finances will help you make informed decisions, particularly in setting a reasonable asking price.
Understand Your Home Equity
Equity refers to the portion of your property that you truly “own” – it’s the difference between the current market value of your home and the remaining balance on your mortgage. Knowing your equity can give you an idea of your potential profits from the sale.
Consider Your Outstanding Mortgage
The amount left on your mortgage is another critical factor. If your outstanding balance is more than your home’s sale price, you may need to consider a short sale, which requires your lender’s approval and can affect your credit score.
Estimate Closing Costs
Closing costs are the fees and expenses you pay to finalize your home’s sale, excluding the commission for the real estate agent. They may include title insurance, appraisal fees, and attorney fees, among other costs. These are usually about 2-5% of the purchase price. Understanding these costs is crucial as they directly impact your net proceeds from the sale.
Taking the time to clarify your selling objectives and understanding your financial position will pave the way for a more streamlined and successful home-selling experience. These factors are not just critical for setting a realistic asking price but also for aligning your home sale with your larger financial or life goals.
Prepare Your House for Sale
Once you’ve identified your selling objectives, the next step is to prepare your house for the market. A well-prepared home can catch the attention of more prospective buyers and even command a higher sale price.
Home Improvements and Necessary Repairs
Before you list your home, assess its overall condition. Some minor upgrades and necessary repairs can significantly enhance your home’s appeal, often leading to a faster sale or higher selling price.
Deep Cleaning and Carpet Cleaning
Begin with a deep clean to ensure your home looks its best. Pay attention to often-overlooked areas, such as baseboards, window sills, and ceiling fans. If you have carpets, consider hiring a professional carpet cleaning service to remove any stains or odors. Cleanliness can significantly influence a buyer’s first impression.
Minor Upgrades and Fixes
Next, tackle minor upgrades and repairs that could deter potential buyers. This could include painting walls with a fresh, neutral color, fixing any plumbing or electrical issues, and ensuring all appliances are in working order. Although these tasks may seem small, they can make a big difference to potential buyers.
Stage Your House
Staging your house involves preparing it for viewing by potential buyers. It can significantly impact how quickly your home sells and the price.
Hire a Professional Stager
A professional stager, although an extra cost, can be a worthwhile investment. For a few hundred dollars, they can transform your space and make it appealing to as many potential buyers as possible. They use strategies like optimal furniture placement, accentuating natural light, and choosing neutral decor to make your home attractive and inviting.
Depersonalize Your Home
Part of effective staging involves depersonalizing your home. This means removing personal items like family photos, collections, and mementos. The aim is to create a neutral space where potential buyers can easily envision themselves and their own belongings. It’s all about helping buyers picture your house as their future home.
In the competitive real estate market, first impressions count. By investing time, money and effort in staging your house for sale, you can stand out from the competition and make a great impression on prospective buyers. These preparations could translate into a quicker sale and potentially a higher price.
Set the Right Price
One of the most critical decisions in the home-selling process is determining the right asking price. Setting a competitive price can help attract more prospective buyers, shorten the time your home spends on the market, and potentially yield a higher sale price.
Understand the Importance of Pricing
Choosing the right price is not just about the amount you’d like to receive. It’s also about understanding buyer psychology and local market trends. Pricing your home correctly can result in more interest, more showings, and ultimately, more offers.
Get a Comparative Market Analysis
A key tool for setting the right price is a Comparative Market Analysis (CMA). A CMA provides information about recent home sales in your area, adjusted for differences in features and conditions, giving you a good idea of what buyers might be willing to pay for your home.
Hire a Great Real Estate Agent
A great real estate agent can provide an accurate and comprehensive CMA. They have the experience and local market knowledge to understand which homes are truly comparable to yours and how various features and upgrades impact pricing.
Consider Comparable Sales
Comparable sales, or “comps,” are recent home sales in your area that are similar to your property in size, condition, and features. Your real estate agent will look at these comps, adjust for differences, and use the information to guide you towards a fair and attractive list price.
Adjust for Features and Conditions
Every home is unique, and its features and condition will impact its value. Your real estate agent will consider these factors when setting your home’s list price. For example, if your home has a new roof or a remodeled kitchen, it might command a higher price compared to a similar home without these upgrades.
Setting the right price is both an art and a science. It requires an understanding of the local real estate market, an evaluation of comparable sales, and an assessment of your home’s unique features. By enlisting the help of a great real estate agent and leveraging their expertise, you can set a competitive price that will attract serious buyers and maximize your profits.
Market Your House
Once your house is ready for sale and priced right, the next step is to get the word out to prospective buyers. Effective marketing can attract more interest and lead to quicker, more competitive offers.
Use High-Quality Professional Photos
Professional photography plays a crucial role in marketing your house. High-quality photos can showcase your home’s best features and give potential buyers a good first impression. Homes listed with professional photos tend to receive more views online, which can lead to faster sales and often at higher prices.
Craft a Compelling Listing Description
A well-written listing description can spark interest and invite potential buyers to learn more. Highlight your home’s unique features, recent upgrades, and what makes it special. Remember, you’re not just selling a property, you’re selling a lifestyle. Allow your real estate agent to offer feedback and help you create an enticing, optimized listing that will also show up in search results when people are looking for a home like yours.
Host Open Houses and Private Showings
Open houses and private showings are opportunities for potential buyers to experience your home in person. Be flexible with your schedule and make your house available for viewing as often as you can. The more people who walk through your door, the better your chances of receiving an offer.
The Role of a Good Real Estate Agent in Marketing
Marketing a house involves a significant time commitment and a specific set of skills. This is where a good real estate agent comes into play.
Leverage the Multiple Listing Service (MLS)
A good real estate agent can list your property on the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), a database of homes for sale that’s used by real estate professionals. An MLS listing can increase your home’s visibility, attracting other real estate agents and their clients.
Find a Realtor with A Proven Track Record
Choose a real estate agent with a proven track record of sales in your area. Their experience and local market knowledge can be invaluable in promoting your home effectively and attracting serious buyers.
In a crowded real estate market, standing out is key. By leveraging professional photography, crafting a compelling listing description, and utilizing the expertise of a good real estate agent, you can market your home effectively, attracting more potential buyers and increasing your chances of a successful sale.
Evaluate Offers and Negotiate
Once your marketing efforts start paying off and offers begin to come in, it’s time to shift focus to negotiation. The goal here is to achieve the best possible terms that align with your selling objectives.
How to Evaluate Offers
When you receive an offer, it’s essential to look beyond the offered price. While the highest offer might seem the most appealing, it’s not always the best choice.
Consider the Buyer’s Lender
Understanding where the buyer’s financing comes from is important. Offers from buyers who are pre-approved by a well-known lender may carry less risk than those from buyers who are not pre-approved or who are using a less established lender.
Assess the Down Payment
The size of the buyer’s down payment can indicate their financial stability. A larger down payment may suggest that the buyer has solid finances and is serious about purchasing your home.
Understand the Buyer’s Timeline
A buyer’s timeline can be just as important as their offered price. A qualified buyer who can close quickly might be more attractive than a higher offer that’s contingent on selling a current house.
How to Manage Multiple Offers
Receiving multiple offers can be exciting, but it can also be overwhelming. Your real estate agent can help you with this process.
Consult with Your Real Estate Agent
Your real estate agent’s experience can be invaluable in this situation. They can guide you through your options, help you compare offers side by side, and give advice based on their understanding of the current real estate market and the specifics of each offer.
Make the Best Decision Based on Your Needs
When reviewing multiple offers, it’s important to consider your own needs and priorities. For example, if you need to sell quickly, you might prioritize a buyer who can close sooner, even if their offer is not the highest.
Negotiating and accepting offers can be a complex part of the selling process. It’s not just about accepting the highest offer, but understanding the nuances of each proposal and making the best decision for your circumstances. With the right real estate agent by your side, you can handle this process confidently and successfully.
Close the Sale
After you’ve accepted an offer, the next step is to finalize the transaction. The closing process involves several stages, including a home inspection, title search, potential repair negotiations, and final paperwork signing. Here’s what to expect:
The Due Diligence Period
The due diligence period allows the buyer to further investigate the property after their offer has been accepted. During this time, the buyer’s agent will arrange for a home inspection.
Home Inspection and Report
A professional home inspector will thoroughly examine your property and generate an inspection report. This document details the condition of the house and outlines any potential issues, from minor maintenance concerns to significant structural problems.
Negotiating Repairs
If the inspection report reveals necessary repairs, there may be further negotiations. Buyers might ask you to handle the repairs, reduce the sale price, or offer a credit at closing to cover the repair costs.
The Title Search and Insurance
As part of the home buying process, the buyer’s lender will work with a title company to conduct a title search. This ensures the house is free from liens or claims and that you have a clear title to transfer to the new owners.
Understanding Title Insurance
Buyers might also negotiate for you to pay for title insurance as part of the closing costs. Title insurance protects the buyer and their lender from future property ownership claims, unexpected liens, or undisclosed property heirs.
Sign the Final Paperwork
The last step in the home sale process is the closing meeting. Here, you’ll sign the final paperwork, which includes key documents such as:
The Bill of Sale
This document transfers the ownership of personal property (like appliances or furniture) included in the home sale.
The Deed
This legal document transfers ownership of the property from you, the seller, to the buyer.
Documents Prepared by a Real Estate Attorney or Real Estate Brokerage
The closing process involves many legal documents. These might be prepared by a real estate attorney or real estate brokerage to ensure everything is in order.
Closing the sale of your house can be a complex process. However, understanding each step can help you proceed with confidence and reach a successful conclusion to your home sale journey.
Post Sale Considerations
Even after the final paperwork has been signed, and the new owners have the keys, there are a few additional factors to consider. The sale of your house doesn’t just end at the closing table. Let’s delve into these post-sale considerations.
Understand the Tax Implications
Selling your house can have significant tax implications. The application of taxes largely depends on the profit you make from the sale and how long you’ve lived in the house.
Capital Gains Tax Exemption
If the house was your primary residence for at least two of the last five years before selling, you might qualify for a capital gains tax exemption. This can significantly reduce your tax liability.
Consult with a Tax Professional
However, tax laws can be complex, and every situation is unique. Consult with a tax professional or a certified public accountant to fully understand the potential tax impacts. They can provide guidance tailored to your specific circumstances.
The Move to Your New Home
Moving to your new home involves logistical and financial considerations. Plan ahead for moving costs, including professional movers, moving supplies, and potential temporary housing.
Keep Records of Your Home Sale Expenses
It’s wise to keep a comprehensive record of all home sale-related expenses. This includes real estate agent commissions, home improvements made before the sale, and any fees or costs associated with closing. These records can be crucial for your future tax returns or financial planning.
Some of your moving costs may be tax-deductible if you or a member of your household is in the military, and you are moving due to a military order. Previously, moving costs were tax-deductible for many people who were relocating due to a job. After 2025, these deductions may return.
Conclusion
Selling your house is a significant event, and educating consumers about the process can reduce stress and result in a better outcome. By preparing your home, pricing it right, and working with a competent real estate agent, you can complete the transaction smoothly and efficiently.
The selling process might seem overwhelming, but with thorough preparation and the right team on your side, it can be an exciting time. Remember, every house can sell, it just requires the right strategy, a competitive price, and a bit of patience.
Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if my house isn’t selling?
If your house isn’t attracting buyers, various factors could be at play. The asking price may be too high, marketing efforts might be insufficient, or the house’s condition could be deterring potential buyers. Consult with your real estate agent to pinpoint potential problems and devise solutions. You may need to reduce the price, enhance your marketing strategy, or invest in necessary home improvements.
Can I sell my house myself instead of using a real estate agent?
Yes, selling your house yourself is an option. This is known as “For Sale By Owner” (FSBO). However, selling a house involves complex tasks like pricing, marketing, negotiating, and handling legal paperwork. Real estate agents possess the expertise and experience to deal with these challenges. If you opt for FSBO, be prepared for a significant time commitment and be ready to handle these tasks yourself.
How long does it usually take to sell a house?
The timeline for selling a house can vary greatly and depends on numerous factors, such as local market conditions, the home’s condition and price, and even the time of year. On average, it can take anywhere from a few days to a few months. Your real estate agent can give you a better estimate based on local trends and your specific situation.
What is a seller’s market, and how can it impact my home sale?
A seller’s market occurs when the demand for homes exceeds the current supply. This often results in homes selling more quickly and at higher prices. If you’re selling your house in a seller’s market, it can be an advantage as you may get multiple offers and a higher sale price.
Should I make repairs before selling my house?
Whether to make repairs before selling your house often depends on the type and extent of the repairs and the overall condition of your house. Small repairs and improvements, like painting or fixing leaky faucets, can make a good impression on buyers. If your home has more more substantial issues, discuss the repairs with your real estate agent to weigh the cost against the potential return on investment.
Are people still spending money on home improvements despite rising housing costs and inflation? According to Opendoor’s 2024 Home Decor Report, the answer is yes. In fact, the average American will spend $5,635 on home remodeling projects this year.
We reviewed Opendoor’s data and spoke with a design expert to get insights on this year’s home decor and renovation trends. When it comes to how homebuyers (and renters) are prioritizing their spending, we learned that paint makes a difference, kitchens renovations are top of the to-do list, and new or repurposed decor can liven up a space. Beyond that, here are some of the most popular home upgrades American homeowners want to try ASAP.
About the Survey
Opendoor surveyed 1,041 homeowners ages 25-74 who have decorated or remodeled in the past two years or have shown interest in doing so.
Popular Home Renovations
When asked about their top-priority remodeling project, 33 percent of respondents said painting, and another 27 percent said the kitchen. Here are some other important upgrades Americans want to make in their homes.
Updating Light Fixtures
For a relatively easy home renovation that may or may not require a handyman, 25 percent of homeowners want to update light fixtures before anything else. The scale and design of overhead lighting can make a significant impact on the look and feel of a space.
Installing New Flooring
Updating floors is the most important home renovation for 24 percent of homeowners. While the cost and labor can be significant, a fresh wood floor or carpet can make a space feel brand new. However, if the scale of this project is too much for the moment, consider a new area rug or a different paint color to offset dated flooring.
Upgrading Kitchen Cabinets
Of all the kitchen renovation projects, 22 percent of homeowners say they want to (or have already) installed new kitchen cabinets. Trendy kitchen cabinet styles come and go, but for longevity, consider a style that coordinates with your home style. For example, shaker-style cabinets look great in older Craftsman homes, while slab-style cabinets work well in homes from the mid-century. If new cabinets aren’t in the budget, consider repainting them to give them a fresh, new look.
Replacing Kitchen Counters
Kitchen counters are the most important project for another 22 percent of homeowners. It’s an upgrade you can do on its own or with a full-scale kitchen renovation. While granite and quartz are popular among homeowners, home design expert Dabito prefers marble. “I think Calacatta marble is making a big splash in the kitchen. It has a lot of bold, unique veins that can add movement and texture in a kitchen space,” he says.
Dabito is an interior designer, color expert, and creative director at Old Brand New.
Affordable Projects
Not all home renovation projects need to break the bank. In some cases, they don’t even involve demolishing a space. Here’s how homeowners plan to save money when updating their homes.
Painting a Room
Painting a room was the highest priority home renovation listed in the survey, but it was also chosen as the most affordable. According to Opendoor’s 2024 Home Decor Report, the top home colors are (in order of popularity):
Off-white
Light gray
Beige
So we can expect these to show up quite a bit in renovation projects next year. “These colors can provide a sense of calm for those living in (and visiting) a home. Traditional neutrals offer a blank slate for home shoppers to easily envision their style,” Dabito says.
“That said, I’m big on color, so I anticipate that the ‘new’ neutrals will be muted tones that are grounded and offer stability—think light blue, light green, dusty rose, and eggshell yellow,” he explains. Dabito also suggests that many paint color brands’ 2024 Colors of the Year are in line with that assumption, with many choosing subdued blues and greens as emerging shades. “These colors can add warmth to a space without overwhelming the senses,” he says.
Buying Seasonal Decor
Updating your seasonal decor is the most affordable to update your home, according to 55 percent of homeowners. But does this count as a home renovation? Sure, if you consider that a renovation can include any project that improves a home, whether that be cosmetic, structural, or a decor change that improves the visual appeal of a space. (Think of how effective home staging is when you sell your home.) Try swapping out fabrics throughout your home from cotton and linen in the warmer months to velvet and wool in the winter.
Changing Furniture
Some house projects won’t require spending at all. Changing the layout of your furniture was chosen as the best wallet-friendly update by 49 percent of homeowners. And Dabito is a fan of using what you have to make a big change.
“Changing furniture is a great way to make a space feel new—without having to change a home’s structure or layout,” he says. “One of my favorite tips is to use furniture as a divider. Try moving your sofa, so it becomes the separator between a living area and the kitchen, for instance. Or, you can have your furniture float in the middle of the room rather than against a wall.”
Dabito
Flow in any space is important, so reimagine your bedroom or living room in a new layout that might offer a better flow. I also love round coffee tables for smaller living spaces because they’re more inviting.
—Dabito
Eco-Friendly Upgrades
Sustainable projects can save money, so these home renovation trends are excellent for your wallet and the earth. Here’s how homeowners take care of their environment while upgrading their homes.
Refinishing Existing Materials
Just because your furniture and decor seem dated doesn’t mean you need to toss it. Homeowners agree that refinishing existing materials is a conscious way to update your home without adding to the landfill.
“One of my favorite ways to refinish existing materials is to let the natural beauty of an existing piece shine through, says Dabito. “Peel-and-stick tiles are fantastic for any outdated tilework in a kitchen without having to commit to a full-on renovation.”
Investing in Dimmers
Installing dimmers is a relatively easy DIY project that improves energy savings. Also, dimmers can enhance your quality of life by providing a range of brightness throughout the day. Just remember to turn the lights off completely when you leave the room for maximum energy conservation.
Refinishing Old Furniture
Just like refinishing materials in your home, you can also give your old furniture an upgrade. Staining or painting wood furniture is a beginner-friendly project and will make use of materials that would have otherwise been tossed.
“Staining a wood furnishing like a side table or cabinet is a great way to make its natural qualities stand out while making it feel new. On the flip side, I also love reimagining an old piece with a fresh coat of paint,” Dabito says.
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After a long year, tax season is finally upon us. You’re probably getting all your ducks in a row—collecting all the information you need, choosing your tax software, and so on. If you’re a homeowner, you might be able to catch a few tax breaks—but can you get a tax break for buying a house?
If you itemize your deductions via Schedule A rather than claiming the standard deduction, you could be eligible for one or more home-related tax breaks. And if you work from home, you might be able to claim a home office deduction (more on that later). The information below is general information regarding these deductions. It is always best to consult a tax professional if you have any questions related to your specific situation.
Deductions vs. Credits
Many people mistake deductions for credits—but they’re not the same thing. Let’s take a closer look at both types of tax breaks.
Deduction
Deductions reduce your taxable income according to the highest federal income tax bracket you fall into. So, if you qualify for a $2,000 deduction, the amount of money you can be taxed on will be reduced by $2,000.
There are two types of deductions: standard and itemized. Standard deductions are specific amounts based on your filing status and are updated annually. Itemized deductions are specific amounts you paid during the taxable year and you should use itemized deductions when your total of allowable itemized deductions is higher than the standard deduction.
Credit
Credits lower your income tax liability by a fixed dollar amount. If you qualify for a $500 tax credit, you pay $500 less in taxes.
Good to know: Some tax credits are nonrefundable, so if you don’t owe a lot of tax to begin with, you don’t qualify for the entire credit. Other tax credits, like the Earned Income Tax Credit, are refundable, so you get the entire amount under any tax circumstances. The remaining amount of credit available that wasn’t needed to pay down your tax bill comes to you in your tax refund.
Nondeductible Home Expenses
Unfortunately, some homeownership expenses just aren’t deductible. These include:
Closing costs (title insurance, appraisals, etc.)
Depreciation
Domestic service
Down payment
Fire insurance
Mortgage insurance premiums
Mortgage principal
Utilities such as gas, electricity, and water
Common Homeownership Deductions
If you itemize your deductions, there are several homeownership deductions available.
Home Mortgage Interest Deduction
Arguably the most well-known tax break for homeowners, the home mortgage interest deduction (HMID) lets you deduct interest paid on your mortgage up to $750,000 (or $375,000 if married filing separately).
If you take out a home equity loan or a home equity line of credit (HELOC) to make home improvements or buy or build a primary or secondary residence, you can deduct the interest through 2025.
You can claim this deduction on Form 1040, Schedule A.
Property Tax Deduction
Do you pay property taxes monthly or yearly? In either case, both state and federal property taxes are tax deductible on your federal return. For tax year 2023, the deduction amount is capped at $10,000 for married couples filing jointly and $5,000 for other tax statuses.
You can also claim taxes paid at closing when you buy or sell your home and certain payments made to town or county tax assessors. However, you can’t claim taxes paid on commercial or rental property.
To claim this deduction, report your total state and local income taxes in box 5a on Schedule A of Form 1040.
Mortgage Points Deductions
A homebuyer can purchase mortgage points, also called discount points, at the time of closing to lower their interest rate. For example, buying one point may lower your interest rate by 0.25%.
You can either deduct these points in the year in which you opened the mortgage or over the mortgage term. There are limitations, which you can view on the IRS website.
You can file for this deduction using Form 1040, Schedule A.
Home Office Deduction
If you’re self-employed and work from home, you can claim a home office deduction. To do so, you have to prove that you’ve used a portion of your home exclusively for business purposes. In other words, your office or another “separately identifiable space” counts, but your bedroom doesn’t—even if you work on your laptop in bed. Voluntary, occasional, or incidental freelance work won’t entitle you to a home office deduction.
There are occasions where you don’t need to meet the exclusive-use test. These include:
If you use part of your home as a day care facility for children, disabled adults, or elderly individuals
If you use part of your home to store physical inventory or product samples
Deductible expenses include:
Refurbishment and repair costs
Depreciation
A portion of your rent or mortgage payment
A portion of your utility bill
Business insurance
Office supplies
You can’t deduct landscaping or lawn care costs unless you’re a gardener or you’re in the lawn care business.
You can also consider using the simplified method for claiming your home office. That allows you to deduct $5 per square foot of your home used for business purposes. Often, this is a much more convenient way to deduct your home office versus taking the time to itemize each of your expenses.
Important: Before 2017, traditional employees could claim unreimbursed employee business expenses that exceeded 2% of their adjusted gross income on their tax return, including home office expenses. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act eliminated that option until at least 2026. So, if you have an employer, you can’t currently write off any unreimbursed expenses related to your home office.
To claim this deduction, you’ll need to complete Form 8829, Expenses for Business Use of Your Home as part of your tax return.
Rental Expenses Deduction
If you rent your home, you can deduct some landlord expenses on your taxes, including operating expenses, depreciation, and repairs.
You can only deduct costs associated with keeping the rental in good operating condition. For example, you could deduct the cost of repairing a full bathroom that flooded, but you couldn’t deduct the cost of renovating a half bath into a full bath.
To claim this deduction, complete Form 4562, Depreciation and Amortization (Including Information on Listed Property).
Medical Capital Expense Deduction
If you have a medical condition that requires you to make improvements to your home or install special equipment, you may be eligible to deduct some or all of their cost.
Common capital expense deductions include:
Constructing ramps to exterior doors to make entering and exiting the home easier
Widening doorways or hallways to allow for wheelchairs or other mobility equipment
Installing railings, support bars, and other bathroom safety modifications
Lowering or modifying cabinets to make them usable
Installing a lift or otherwise modifying stairways
Modifying warning systems, such as fire alarms and smoke detectors
To file this deduction, use Worksheet A Capital Expense Worksheet to determine your medical capital expenses and enter the total on your Schedule A (Form 1040).
Common Homeownership Credits
As a homeowner, you may also qualify for specific homeownership tax credits.
Mortgage Interest Credit
Some lower-income first-time homeowners may receive a Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC) from their state or local government, subsidizing the purchase of their home up to $2,000 on mortgage interest.
This credit comes with a few stipulations. For example, you’ll have to deduct the total amount of the credit from the mortgage interest you deduct. See the instructions page of Form 8396 for a complete list of stipulations. You’ll need to submit this as part of your tax return to claim the credit.
Residential Clean Energy Credit
Formally the Residential Energy Efficient Property Credit, the Residential Clean Energy Credit has a credit rate of 30% through 2032 and can cover costs related to renovating or building a home that runs on clean energy.
Specific limitations vary based on the type of improvements made, but they can apply to:
Solar electricity
Solar water heating
Small wind energy
Geothermal heat pumps
Biomass fuel
Fuel cells
See the IRS website for more details.
To claim the credit, complete Form 5695, Residential Energy Credits Part I as part of your tax return.
Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit
If you improve your home’s energy efficiency, you may qualify for the Energy Efficient Home Improvement Credit.
Qualifying improvements include:
Building envelope components
Home energy audits
Residential energy property (i.e., central air conditioners that meet the Consortium for Energy Efficient (CEE) highest efficiency tier)
Heat pumps and biomass stoves and boilers
Each improvement has specific limits and guidelines. Learn more at the IRS website.
To claim the credit, complete Form 5695, Residential Energy Credits Part II as part of your tax return.
Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit
Owners of electric vehicles may opt to add a charging station to their home. If you did so in 2023, you may qualify for the Alternative Fuel Vehicle Refueling Property Credit when you file your taxes. However, currently, this credit applies only to homes in low-income or urban areas.
To claim the credit, complete Form 8911.
A Word About Capital Gains
Many people worry about the amount of capital gains tax they’ll pay on a home sale. If you plan to sell your primary home and believe you’ll make a profit, you can exclude up to $250,000 of the gain from your income, or $500,000 if you file a joint return with your spouse. But there’s a catch: You have to have lived at the home for a minimum period of two years before the sale.
How Much Does Buying a House Help With Taxes?
Do you get a tax break for buying a house? It depends! Based on your tax situation, you could take advantage of various tax breaks available to homeowners.
Most homeowner credits and deductions only apply if you itemize your return—and you’ll only know whether itemization is worth it after you complete your tax forms. If you’re looking for a simple solution for filing your taxes, use TaxAct. As you enter information into your return, TaxAct will recommend whether itemizing your deductions or claiming the standard deduction is better for you.
You don’t have to wait for tax season to save money! Get your free credit report card from Credit.com. See where you need to work to start improving your credit to prepare for home ownership.
Disclosure: All TaxAct offers, products and services are subject to applicable terms and conditions. Price paid is determined at the time of filing and is subject to change.
The TaxAct® name and logo are registered trademarks of TaxAct, Inc. and are used here with TaxAct’s permission.
Economists have their favorite indices to measure the health of the economy. GDP, if men are buying underwear, CPI, RV shipments, GDP, plastic surgery appointments, PCE, hemlines… tomorrow on The Mortgage Collaborative’s Rundown Skylar Olsen, the Chief Economist of Zillow, will discuss some of this, and more, for 30-45 minutes starting at noon PT, 3PM ET, in “The Rundown”. Meanwhile, lenders are shifting the focus from things they can’t change to things they can: changing regional managers comp plans to incorporate profits instead of volume. Or honing marketing systems now, not when rates drop further and opening up refi opportunities. Or shifting to paying less for a refi and putting the difference into rate sheet pricing. And who’s buying the properties we’re lending on? Women. Okay, that was a bold generalization, but still… (Today’s Commentary podcast can be found here and this week’s is sponsored by Vesta, the new, modern Loan Origination System (LOS) which helps lenders reduce their costs to originate and improve their ability to integrate with new technologies in the ecosystem. Hear an interview with Ally Home’s Glenn Brunker on what’s happening in the housing market and what to expect going into spring homebuying season.)
Lender and Broker Software, Products, and Services
Matic, a digital home insurance platform built for the mortgage industry, recently announced an exclusive partnership with PRMG to extend their marketplace of over 40 A-Rated carriers into PRMG customer offerings. PRMG joins over 100 mortgage lenders, servicers and banks, representing 20 percent of home loans processed in the U.S., that partner with Matic to integrate the insurance shopping experience into the homeownership lifecycle. Now more than ever, mortgage leaders are turning to Matic to help them offer value to customers, generate revenue, and reduce costs in a tough housing market. Mortgage leaders, don’t miss out: book a demo with Matic to discover how to add an ancillary revenue stream that removes friction from the insurance process and keeps customers within your existing systems. And if you’re attending MBA’s Servicing Solutions Conference in two weeks, stop by booth 806 to learn more! Book a demo with Matic.
Only 60 days since launch and already 150+ mortgage originators have signed up to receive daily mandatory bids from MAXEX on bulk pools of Agency-eligible non-owner occupied (NOO) and second home loans. Moreover, we’re currently winning more than 10 percent of the loans bid! Why? Because our unique loan exchange model provides access to competitive pricing from five leading institutional buyers, allows you to underwrite to agency guidelines, and helps you avoid costly Agency LLPAs—all within a single contract and through a single, standardized clearinghouse. This seamlessly integrates with your existing bulk trading process. Visit here to learn more.
We live in a world of autopay, Apple Pay, Venmo, Uber Eats… the list goes on. If borrowers can pay for a pizza online, why are we still asking them to share their credit card info over the phone? Get with the times and collect upfront fees via text with Fee Chaser by LenderLogix.
TPO Products for Broker and Correspondent
“Button Finance is a leading home equity lender specializing in HELOCs and Closed-End Seconds, offering lucrative opportunities for our partners. Correspondent partners can earn 7.85 percent of the loan balance, while brokers can make 5 percent. Additionally, we offer an attractive 3.5 percent Lender Paid Compensation on Texas 50a6 loans. Our services extend to lending against investment properties for brokers, ensuring a broad spectrum of lending solutions. With competitive 8 percent note rates on Closed-End Seconds and no appraisals up to a $250k loan balance, Button Finance is your go-to partner for all home equity lending needs. Email us for more information.”
Eighty percent of homeowners have first mortgage rates less than 4 percent. However, they are sitting on over $10 trillion of tappable equity. HELOC originations provide an outstanding opportunity for lenders and their LOs. Every homeowner receives HELOC solicitations. If it’s not from YOU, then WHO? Depending on YOUR borrowers, this may be the ideal time for them to make home improvements or pay off credit card debt. Or it may be the right time for that dream vacation. NFTYDoor, a division of Homebridge, is a proprietary digital HELOC platform that provides on-demand access to YOUR borrower’s equity. Customers want an experience that is simple and fast, and through NFTYDoor, HELOCs can close in a few days, not weeks or months. Embrace the “Customer for Life” strategy with NFTYDoor’s platform that is 100 percent branded to you. Stay in front of your customers and recapture future business. Contact NFTYDoor today.
STRATMOR and Operations
Forecasters are predicting modest growth in new and existing home sales in 2024, which means we can all look ahead with cautious optimism. Now’s the time to review your operations and prepare for this modest shift back toward normalcy. Senior Operations Executives: STRATMOR Group is hosting its virtual Operations Workshop next week, February 14-16, to help you do just that. Interact with STRATMOR advisors and your peer lenders to discuss improving operational efficiency, overcoming recent challenges and pain points, and current trends in mortgage operations. Contact STRATMOR Group to learn more and sign up.
Conventional Conforming News
The Federal Housing Finance Agency’s 2024 scorecard for the government-sponsored enterprises included a new provision for representations and warranties. “Explore opportunities to harmonize the enterprises’ processes supporting the single-family selling representations and warranties framework, including defect identification, remedies and repurchase alternatives,” the scorecard states.
Fannie Mae’s (FNMA/OTCQB) December 2023 Monthly Summary is now available and contains information about Fannie Mae’s monthly and year-to-date activities for our gross mortgage portfolio, mortgage-backed securities and other guarantees, interest rate risk measures, and serious delinquency rates. There’s also Fannie’s Home Purchase Sentiment Index® (HPSI) which increased to its highest level since March 2022, due primarily to increased consumer confidence in job security and another significant jump in the share of consumers expecting mortgage rates to decrease. An all-time survey-high 36 percent of respondents indicated that they expect mortgage rates to go down in the next 12 months, while 28 percent expect them to go up, and 35 percent expect rates to remain the same. (Seems pretty even to me.)
Fannie Mae is updating the Uniform Loan Delivery Dataset (ULDD) to provide further guidance on implementation and mandate dates associated with the data enhancements included in the ULDD Phase 5 specification published on Sept. 12, 2023. Review the announcement for an overview on the implementation and mandate dates associated with business-critical and UAD 3.6 alignment data enhancements for the Phase 5 data requirements.
Pennymac is aligning with Freddie Mac Bulletin 2023-19, announcing updates to their rental income requirements. The updates are effective with loan deliveries on or after 03/15/2024. Details are available in Pennymac Correspondent Announcement 24-06.
National MI announced updates to the TrueGuide which include the following changes and clarifications: AUS Loans Automated Tools have been updated as follows: Fannie Mae Appraisal Waiver has been updated to reflect the name change to “Value Acceptance.” Fannie Mae Income Calculator for self-employment income has been added as an approved income and asset tool. Non-AUS Loans have been updated as follows: Jumbo and Medical Professional Program loan limit increases. Verbal Verification of Employment updated to align with the GSEs’ requirements. Underwriting Guidelines detailing these changes and clarifications will be posted to nationalmi.com in the near future.
AmeriHome Mortgage Announcement 20240111-CL summarizes previously published changes made during January, additional changes made with this announcement, and recent Agency and regulatory news.
Citizens Correspondent National Bulletin 2024-02 includes information on Value Acceptance + Property Data – DU (Delegated Transactions only). Effective February 1st, Conventional Conforming Updates and Disaster Tax Filing Relief. See the bulletin for additional information and all lock, delivery, and purchase by dates, if required.
Capital Markets
Need a crash course in Assignment of Trade (AOT) executions? In this blog post, Assignment of Trade Executions 101, MCT experts delve into the process of AOT executions, the impact of bid tape AOT on to-be-announced (TBA) positions, and how automation is moving the industry forward. The blog also reviews the cost savings associated with bid tape AOT executions and the MCT Marketplace technology used to complete these transactions. To learn more about MCT Marketplace, view the recent video with MCT’s CEO & President, Curtis Richins. In the video, Mr. Richins reviews key features of MCT Marketplace, opportunities within the platform for buyers and sellers, and a roadmap for the future.
Even with all the selling in the bond markets last Friday after January’s payrolls data came in much stronger than expected, yields have merely moved back to where they had been for most of the year so far. Most security prices are determined by supply and demand, and yesterday witnessed a strong sale of 10-year Treasuries at the record $42 billion 10-year Treasury auction.
But bonds barely budged! Sentiment was dominated by fears surrounding NY Community Bank. Do you remember when the spreads between Treasury securities and MBS “blew out” last March with the banks having to sell MBS? We may see that again with the NYCB possibly selling part or all of Flagstar’s billions in mortgage holdings. In news of interest to loan originators, FNMA’s Home Purchase Sentiment Index recorded another impressive gain for the second straight month to post the highest level since March 2022.
Today’s calendar kicked off with weekly jobless claims (218k, about as expected, 1.871 million continuing claims… the job market continues to be strong). Later are wholesale inventories and sales for December, several Treasury auctions that will be headlined by $25 billion 30-year bonds, Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey, and remarks from Richmond Fed President Barkin. We begin the day with Agency MBS prices about .125-.250 worse, the 10-year yielding 4.13 after closing yesterday at 4.15 percent, and the 2-year is at 4.44.
Jobs and Transitions
“Direct nationwide lender Kwik Mortgage, based out of Parsippany NJ, is hiring Distributed Retail Sales. We have outstanding support, and our platform is built for you, featuring Blend, Encompass, HubSpot, Loan Vision and Optimal Blue! We offer a full suite of correspondent buyers inclusive of Fannie Mae and Freddie is on the table for 2024! From FHA and VA to Non-QM we have it all! We have a very flat leadership structure which means customers are not paying for more and getting less! We invest in our people and our process, and we have 27 years of company owned and operated success! We are always competitively priced. Don’t worry about fulfillment execution we owned and operated one of the best loan fulfillment for pay businesses in the country, Equilibrium Mortgage Solutions! Contact Paul Campbell, EVP of Lending, (760-774-7704), Paul Campbell, LinkedIn! We are connected: a Fannie Mae diverse minority advisory board lender, The Mortgage Collaborative lender board member, MBA Policy, Servicing and Compliance committee participant! A Depository DE&I advisory board member! Get Kwik come join us! NY, NJ, PA, CT, MA, RI originators welcome.”
Stronghill Capital, LLC, an Austin, TX-based Wholesale and Correspondent lender, is NOW HIRING across the country! If you’re a relationship-focused Account Executive with experience in Non-QM and Investor Financing, including multi-family and mixed-use properties, we’d love to speak with you! Stronghill’s Account Executives enjoy open territories, multi-channel opportunities to work with clients as correspondents or brokers, and consistent communication and collaboration with the Executive Leadership team. If you’re looking to join a rapidly-growing, dynamic organization with a focused commitment to growth and expansion in Non-QM, reach out to our SVP of Sales, Matt Brammer at 440.382.3183 to learn more.
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Reverse mortgages can be an attractive option for seniors who want to supplement their retirement income, pay off debts, or make home improvements. However, they should be carefully considered as they can have significant financial and legal implications.
Here’s how reverse mortgages work, the pros and cons, and what to consider before deciding if it’s right for you.
What is a reverse mortgage?
A reverse mortgage offers a unique financial option for homeowners aged 62 and older, enabling them to utilize the equity in their home without the obligation to make monthly mortgage payments.
Through this arrangement, homeowners have the flexibility to receive funds in several ways: a single lump sum, as ongoing monthly payments, or through a line of credit that can be accessed as needed. The defining characteristic of a reverse mortgage is its payment structure; rather than the homeowner paying the lender, the lender pays the homeowner based on the equity built up in the home.
This type of loan is specifically designed for seniors looking for additional income streams during retirement, leveraging the equity they have accumulated in their property over the years. The loan balance, including interest and fees, is deferred until the home is sold, the homeowner permanently relocates, or in the event of the homeowner’s death, at which point the estate is responsible for repayment.
Understanding How a Reverse Mortgage Works
Reverse mortgages enable senior homeowners to access their home’s equity in a flexible and strategic manner. This financial tool is especially beneficial for those who wish to remain in their home while supplementing their retirement income, covering healthcare expenses, or funding home improvements, all without the requirement to make monthly loan repayments. The process is straightforward and designed to provide seniors with financial relief by tapping into the value of their most significant asset—their home.
Step 1: Assess Your Eligibility
To kick things off, confirm your eligibility for a reverse mortgage. Requirements include being at least 62 years old, owning your home (or at least having a significant amount of equity in it), and using the home as your primary residence. You’ll also need to demonstrate that you can handle ongoing costs like property taxes, homeowners’ insurance, and regular maintenance.
Step 2: Calculate Your Home Equity
Your home’s equity is central to determining your reverse mortgage potential. Simply, it’s the difference between your home’s market value and any outstanding mortgage balance. The greater your equity, the more you might receive from a reverse mortgage.
Step 3: Select the Right Reverse Mortgage Product
Explore the different types of reverse mortgages available, including the federally insured Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), proprietary reverse mortgages for higher-value homes, and single-purpose reverse mortgages from certain state and local governments. Each type caters to specific needs and financial scenarios.
Step 4: Get a Professional Home Appraisal
An essential step in the process is obtaining a professional appraisal of your home. This assessment determines your home’s market value based on factors such as location, condition, and the sale prices of similar homes nearby.
Step 5: Undergo Counseling
A crucial step is to undergo counseling from a HUD-approved agency. This ensures you fully understand the reverse mortgage process, its financial implications, and how it fits into your overall estate planning.
Step 6: Decide How You’ll Receive the Funds
Reverse mortgages offer several options for receiving your funds: as a lump sum, in monthly payments, as a line of credit, or a mix of these methods. Your choice should align with your financial objectives and needs.
Step 7: Know When and How Repayment Works
No monthly payments are required with a reverse mortgage. The loan is repaid when the last borrower dies, sells the home, or the home is no longer used as the primary residence. Typically, the home is sold, and the proceeds are used to pay off the loan balance, including interest and fees.
Real-Life Example: Maximizing Loan Amount Through Equity
Imagine homeowners John and Mary, who own a home worth $300,000 clear of any mortgage. They qualify for a reverse mortgage that grants them access to $150,000. Opting for monthly payments, they supplement their retirement income, demonstrating how equity determines borrowing capacity and the flexibility in receiving funds.
Choosing the Right Type of Reverse Mortgage
When considering a reverse mortgage, it’s crucial to understand the different types available to you. Each type comes with its own set of features, benefits, and limitations.
Here, we’ll delve into the three primary types of reverse mortgages: the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM), proprietary reverse mortgages, and single-purpose reverse mortgages. By comparing these options, you can make a more informed decision that aligns with your financial situation and retirement goals.
Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM)
Pros:
Federally insured, offering a layer of security.
Flexible payout options, including lump sum, line of credit, or fixed monthly payments.
Can be used for any purpose, without restrictions.
Cons:
Higher upfront costs, including mortgage insurance premiums.
Requires counseling from a HUD-approved agency, which may be seen as an extra step.
The loan amount is capped, which may limit access to equity for homeowners with higher-valued properties.
Proprietary Reverse Mortgages
Pros:
Designed for higher-valued homes, potentially offering access to more significant loan amounts.
May have lower upfront costs than HECMs.
Not subject to the same insurance and borrowing limits as HECMs, offering more flexibility.
Cons:
Not federally insured, which might pose additional risks.
May come with higher interest rates and fees.
Less regulatory oversight, requiring thorough due diligence by the borrower.
Single-Purpose Reverse Mortgages
Pros:
Typically the lowest cost option available.
Offered by state and local government agencies and some non-profits, intended for a specific purpose like home repairs or property taxes.
Interest rates may be lower than other reverse mortgages.
Cons:
Limited availability, as not all states and municipalities offer them.
The loan must be used for a specific, lender-approved purpose.
Not suitable for those looking for flexibility in how they use their funds.
Making the Right Choice
Choosing the right type of reverse mortgage depends on several factors, including your financial needs, the value of your home, and how you plan to use the funds. HECMs offer flexibility and security, but come with higher costs.
Proprietary reverse mortgages can provide access to larger sums for those with high-value homes but lack the insurance and sometimes the stability of HECMs. Single-purpose reverse mortgages are cost-effective for specific needs but offer limited flexibility.
Before deciding, it’s recommended to consult with a financial advisor or a HUD-approved counselor. They can provide personalized advice based on your financial situation and help you navigate the complexities of each option, ensuring you choose the reverse mortgage that best fits your retirement planning needs.
Eligibility Criteria for Reverse Mortgages
The FHA insures certain reverse mortgages, as long as borrowers meet certain requirements:
Be at least 62 years of age.
Live in the home as a primary residence (or your spouse, listed on the mortgage, must live in the home.)
Be capable of paying property taxes and homeowners insurance, as well as other maintenance costs and fees while you live in the home.
Meet FHA property requirements for the home.
Are you willing to attend a counseling session about home equity conversion mortgages (HECMs).
There are no delinquent federal debts on your account.
You’re more likely to get the money you need if you own your home outright, or if your loan balance is small so that you have a great deal of equity.
Reverse Mortgage Borrowing Limits
When you apply for a reverse mortgage loan, your lender will consider a few factors that will influence the amount of money you receive, including:
Your age
Value of your home
Equity available in your home
Interest rate
FHA mortgage limit for home equity conversion mortgages
Whether your fees are rolled into the loan
How you choose to receive your money
The older you are, and the more equity you have in your home, the more you’re likely to be approved for. Keep in mind, too, that fees associated with reverse mortgages are often much higher than fees for other types of home equity loans. That’s going to eat into how much you actually receive — even if you have a lot of equity in your home.
One of the perks of FHA-insured reverse mortgages is the fact that you don’t have to pay back more than the home is worth. So, if the value drops, and you owe more than it’s worth, you (or your heirs) might have to sign a deed in lieu of foreclosure turning it over to the bank. This is one reason many reverse mortgage lenders won’t actually lend you the entire amount of your equity.
You can use the money for whatever you want, whether it’s paying off debt, covering living expenses, or going on a vacation.
Accessing Your Reverse Mortgage Funds
If you get a fixed-rate reverse mortgage, you’ll receive a lump-sum payment. You can then take that money and do whatever you want with it. However, when it runs out, it’s gone. Some retirees use a lump sum to fund a retirement investment portfolio or purchase an immediate annuity. Others use the money to pay off debts or cover other expenses.
With an adjustable-rate HECM, you have different options available. You can choose to receive set monthly payments for a specific period of time or get payments for as long as you or an eligible spouse live in a house.
If you choose an open-ended payment schedule, you’ll likely get a smaller amount each month. However, you can be reasonably sure that you’ll continue to receive money until you pass on or move into a long-term care facility. With a fixed-term payment schedule, you could see higher cash flow every month. However, you run the risk of outliving the payments and trying to figure out what to do next.
Finally, you can also choose to use your reverse mortgage as a line of credit. You can withdraw funds as needed, up to the credit limit. This is a little more flexible and can be useful if you have other sources of income, and just want the HECM in case you need to fill a gap on occasion.
Pros and Cons of a Reverse Mortgage
If you’re considering a reverse mortgage, it’s a good idea to start with an FHA-approved lender so you receive protection. You can use an online locator to find a counselor who can help you with the process, or you can call 800-569-4287.
Carefully consider the pros and cons, too.
Pros
There are some ways to benefit from a home equity conversion mortgage that you wouldn’t see with a more “traditional” home equity loan.
No monthly payments as a borrower
Improve monthly cash flow
Pay off debt (including an existing mortgage on the home)
Non-borrowing spouse can remain in the home
Loan is paid off by selling the house when you pass on or move out
Cons
While a home equity conversion mortgage might seem like a no-brainer, there are some downsides to consider before you proceed.
High closing costs and other fees
You might not be able to pass the home on to your heirs
Costs associated with property taxes, mortgage insurance, and maintenance must still be paid
You’re draining a major asset—and you might still outlive your money
How to Spot and Avoid Reverse Mortgage Scams
Scams related to reverse mortgages are a serious concern, as they often target vulnerable seniors who may be seeking financial relief or have cognitive impairments. These scams can come in the form of dishonest vendors or contractors who promise home improvements in exchange for a reverse mortgage. However, they then either fail to deliver quality work or outright steal the homeowner’s money.
Similarly, family members, caregivers, and financial advisors may use a power of attorney to obtain a reverse mortgage on a senior’s home and then steal the proceeds. They may also try to convince seniors to buy financial products that they can only afford through a reverse mortgage, which may not always be in the senior’s best interest.
It’s important to be cautious and do thorough research to protect yourself from these types of scams.
Is a reverse mortgage right for you?
With a reverse mortgage, you can use your home as an asset if you know you’ll stay in it for a long time and need a little extra income for retirement. Borrowers who don’t intend to pass the home to heirs may benefit financially from the home during retirement. That is, as long as you can keep up with the costs of maintaining the home and pay property taxes.
In contrast, getting a reverse mortgage loan might not make sense if you can’t afford home maintenance or if you wish to leave your home to your heirs. When you’re no longer living in the home, your heirs will need to sell the home to pay off the loan. If not, they’ll have to pay the loan themselves to keep the house. If there’s enough money in the estate to pay it off, it will reduce how much ready cash they receive when you pass on.
Carefully consider your situation and your priorities before you decide to get a reverse mortgage. Then, make the decision most likely to benefit you in retirement and increase the chance that you’ll outlive your money.
Do you know the return on investment (ROI) of your renovation project?
Some renovations can make your home more valuable. However, other projects may provide very little or no return. If you’re investing in a home renovation in hopes of recouping that money when you sell, it’s important to research and plan ahead before you begin to ensure you’re spending your money wisely.
Home renovation projects of all types are on the rise. In a recent study, 55% of homeowners reported renovating a part of their home in the past year.
But how many of these homeowners will see a return on their investment?
It depends. Getting a full recoup of remodeling costs isn’t very likely. And while smaller DIY projects probably won’t break the bank, homeowners should address whether a project is worth its weight in salt — especially before diving into large-scale remodels.
Keep in mind, though, that you can still potentially increase your home’s equity even if you don’t fully recoup the cost of certain improvements. Equity is the difference between your home’s current market value and the amount you owe on your mortgage. A home upgrade that doesn’t fully pay for itself dollar-for-dollar in terms of increased home value may still boost your home’s overall market value, thereby increasing your equity.
10 Home Improvements That Add Value
A way to determine whether a home improvement makes sense is to look at a project’s cost vs. its value assessment. This resulting renovation-to-resale value assessment number, “cost recouped,” can then be used to rank the financial benefit of comparable projects across the country.
Take a look at these popular home improvement projects and their ROI values. You may be surprised at what tops the list.
HVAC Conversion | Electrification
Job Cost: $17,747
Resale Value: $18,366
Cost Recouped: 103.5%
Garage Door Replacement
Job Cost: $4,302
Resale Value: $4,418
Cost Recouped: 102.7%
Manufactured Stone Veneer
Job Cost: $10,925
Resale Value: $11,177
Cost Recouped: 102.3%
Entry Door Replacement | Steel
Job Cost: $2,214
Resale Value: $2,235
Cost Recouped: 100.9%
Siding Replacement | Vinyl
Job Cost: $16,348
Resale Value: $15,485
Cost Recouped: 94.7%
Siding Replacement | Fiber-Cement
Job Cost: $19,361
Resale Value: $17,129
Cost Recouped: 88.5%
Minor Kitchen Remodel | Midrange
Job Cost: $26,790
Resale Value: $22,963
Cost Recouped: 85.7%
Window Replacement | Vinyl
Job Cost: $20,091
Resale Value: $13,766
Cost Recouped: 68.5%
Bath Remodel | Midrange
Job Cost: $24,606
Resale Value: $16,413
Cost Recouped: 66.7%
Window Replacement | Wood
Job Cost: $24,376
Resale Value: $14,912
Cost Recouped: 61.2%
Source
Pre-Renovation Checklist
Long before you start tearing down walls or ripping up floors, you should consider the following:
Have you budgeted for the renovation costs?
Is the remodel a temporary fix or a long-term lifestyle change?
How long do you plan to live in the home?
Can you afford the renovation without recouping a full or near-full ROI?
How long will the renovation last?
Will the improvements add value to your home equity?
Still unsure if your project is worth the cost? Here’s a more in-depth look at the questions above.
Don’t Guesstimate Your Renovation Budget
No matter how much you try to nail down a renovation budget, there will likely be unforeseen costs along the way. Plan ahead by getting a clear view of how much you can spend.
Talk to contractors, compare their rates and get your priorities in check. It’s easy to spring for granite countertops over laminate when you’re visiting the showroom, but if you need to rewire your electrical system to install the new kitchen appliances later, you might need more funds.
Quick Fix or Lifestyle Upgrade?
While the size of a project is largely dependent on budget, in some cases, a quick-fix repair may cost more money over time than a large-scale renovation that solves a major headache.
For example, if mold is growing on your first-floor ceiling due to a leak in an upstairs shower, you may consider replacing the grout as a short-term, low-cost solution. However, you should have the house inspected to determine the best way to address the issue — mold can be a more extensive problem than first meets the eye. Depending on the damage, you may need to completely redo the tile, drain and pipes and you could require professional mold remediation.
Getting professional advice now will help you pass an inspection later in case you decide to sell.
Will You Stay — A Forever Home or Prepping for a Sale?
If you’re preparing to put your home on the market, ensure your renovations appeal to buyers. One of the biggest misconceptions among homeowners is that major home improvements equate to more money in the final sale. That’s not always the case. If you’re planning to stay in your home for several years, make sure you can realistically live with the changes long term.
Research Your Project’s Regional ROI
It’s essential to consider the value of renovations in your region — not just on a national scale. In colder climates, energy efficiency projects may reap more value, while a swimming pool may dissuade buyers. On the other hand, in warmer regions, a pool may attract buyers to your home.
Adding additional rooms or square footage is one of the most impactful ways to increase your home’s value. An appraiser will be able to compare your home to those in your area who fall into the larger square footage category. Additional space can be used as an office, playroom or entertainment area, making it a worthwhile investment.
Considerations of Living Onsite While Renovating
Home improvement projects can get stressful and can’t always be completed over the weekend. Be sure to plan a realistic project timeline and make arrangements to get through the renovation chaos. With major renovations, it’s often pragmatic to set aside funds. If you’ll have to spend several hours away from home while the contractors complete their work, you may need to stay overnight in a hotel or plan a fun day out.
Also, be aware that when renovating or doing major construction on your home, you will be unable to refinance during that time. This is because an appraisal is typically required, and the home must be in safe and functional condition.
Increased Home Equity Benefits
Sometimes, home improvement projects solely benefit you — and that’s OK! Increasing your home’s value has several benefits. If you’re staying in your home, you might be able to apply the equity to secure a home equity line of credit (HELOC), a home equity loan (HEL) or even a cash-out refinance to help pay off debts, pay for college tuition or purchase a new car, for example.
If your home is on the market, your home improvements could help it sell faster and for more money. However, keep in mind that if you want to attract investors, most require a home listing to be off the market for a certain period of time before they can consider investing in it. Typically, this time ranges anywhere from six months to a year, even if the home was only listed on the market for one day.
Remodeling Mistakes to Avoid
When it comes to making home improvements, too often, homeowners rely on instinct rather than research to decide which projects to embark on. So, while converting the garage to an extra bedroom might seem like a good idea, the inconvenience of street parking isn’t likely to entice a potential homebuyer anytime soon.
Some other remodeling mistakes to avoid:
Underestimating project costs. It’s important to fully understand your project’s size, scope and complexity. Consider the supplies, skilled professionals, inspections and permits that may be required, and any systems, such as electrical or plumbing, that will be affected and impact your costs.
Not anticipating issues. Things don’t always go according to plan. Ensure you have a buffer of funds to manage unexpected issues that may arise.
Having an unrealistic timeline. Major gut renovations can take months to design and build, which leads to higher labor costs. Can you live in your home through the renovation if it takes longer than anticipated? Do you have a contingency plan?
Not doing your research. If you want to enhance your home’s resale value, do your homework to ensure your upgrades will help you maximize your investment.
Don’t Rely on Reality TV for Ideas
Did you know that one of the most valuable home investments is adding fiberglass insulation to a home’s attic?
Probably not. But watching contractors stuff the ceiling with insulation on popular home improvement shows just isn’t as interesting as watching designers discuss the layout of a total kitchen overhaul, complete with high-end fixtures, granite countertops and top-of-the-line commercial-grade appliances.
An overly pricey, sophisticated kitchen may backfire once a home is back on the market. A minor kitchen remodel, on the other hand, such as painting the cupboards or replacing laminate flooring with ceramic tiling, not only provides a more cost-effective solution for homeowners, but may also yield a higher return on their investment. Painting kitchen cabinets is an inexpensive cost to a homeowner because they can be painted on-site instead of at a warehouse and then shipped.
Make Your Home Improvement Plan
Whether you’re a first-time homebuyer with a growing family or a near-retiree looking to sell and downsize, it’s important to understand which home improvement projects make the most sense for you.
If you’re renovating with ROI in mind, consider how prospective homebuyers will view your interior, exterior, outdoor space and landscaping. Focus on projects that improve your home’s functionality and appeal to a wide range of buyers. And remember, even relatively small renovations can still increase your home’s value and equity.
Talk to a real estate agent to get their guidance on which projects may have the biggest impact on your home’s value. If you’re ready to begin your next exciting remodeling project, inquire about a home equity loan that turns your current home equity into cash. Reach out to a Pennymac Loan Expert and find the option that’s right for you.
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A personal loan enables you to borrow a lump sum of money and repay it in fixed installments. While personal loans can be a useful tool, there are important factors to consider before taking one out.
According to recent statistics, millions of Americans have personal loan debt, with the average loan amount being $16,931. Personal loans can be used for various reasons, whether for debt consolidation, medical expenses, or home improvements. But how do you know if a personal loan is right for you?
Everyone’s financial situation is unique, so be sure to understand what to know about personal loans before you determine if it’s the best way to go. Here are seven things you should know before taking out a personal loan.
1. How Personal Loans Work
A personal loan allows you to borrow money and repay it in fixed installments. You can get a personal loan from banks, credit unions, or online lenders. Once you choose a lender, you’ll need to submit a formal application. When filling out the application, you’ll likely need to include identification such as your Social Security card, your address, and proof of income.
If your application is approved by the lender, you will receive a lump sum of money that you will repay in monthly payments plus interest.
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2. Debt Consolidation Isn’t for Everyone
With increasing amounts of credit card debt, personal loans are becoming increasingly popular. Although personal loans are a common solution for debt consolidation, that doesn’t mean it’s right for you. Here are a few indicators that debt consolidation through a personal loan is not the best solution, and you’d be better off seeking debt counseling or another financial avenue:
With your current financial pace, you’ll pay off your debt in less than a year. If this is the case, debt consolidation likely will not be worth it.
You can’t afford the monthly payment. You don’t want to be stuck with an additional payment you can’t afford. This could lead to late payments or, worse, loan default.
You will pay more interest and fees with a personal loan compared to your existing debt. You don’t want to take out a personal loan if it will cost you more money in the long run.
Your spending isn’t under control, and you might rack up more debt after you pay off your existing debt. There’s no point in taking out a personal loan to consolidate your debt if it will just tempt you to accumulate more debt on paid-off credit cards.
Your credit score isn’t good enough for an acceptable interest rate. You might want to take the time to improve your credit before applying for a personal loan.
Consider these statements and compare current debt costs to the costs of a personal loan to determine if debt consolidation is the best option. Also, note that not all personal loan providers are the best for debt consolidation. Some lenders specialize in debt consolidation, whereas others don’t have good enough offerings to make debt consolidation with their loans worth it.
3. The Difference Between Secured and Unsecured Loans
Most personal loans are unsecured loans. This means you do not have to offer any collateral to receive the loan. Types of collateral include owned property, a house, or a car—anything the lender can use to pay back the money owed if you default on the loan.
However, not all personal loans are unsecured, and some lenders offer secured loans that require collateral. For example, if you have little to no credit or a poor credit score, lenders may only offer you a secured loan because your credit report isn’t a good enough indicator that you will repay the loan. If you don’t mind putting up collateral and intend to pay back the loan in full, secured loans don’t have to be bad.
4. Compare APRs Before Selecting a Lender
The annual percentage rate (APR) combines the personal loan interest rate and any additional loan fees, and it fluctuates based on the personal loan provider. APRs typically range between around 5% and 36%, and this is partly determined by your credit history.
Popular personal loan providers, such as Best Egg and Achieve, are known for low APRs, especially if you have above-average credit. However, if you have a good credit score and a loan provider is still requiring a high APR, you might want to consider looking into other options for a better APR. A bad APR could cost you hundreds of unnecessary dollars over the course of the loan.
5. The Impact of a Hard Inquiry on Your Credit Score
A hard inquiry is when a lender or creditor pulls your credit for the purpose of offering you a loan. This will ding your credit a minimal amount. The hard inquiry will remain on your credit report for up to two years, but it will likely stop affecting your score after one year. Plus, if you repay your loan on time and take care of your credit in the meantime, your credit will bounce back.
It’s also important to note that you should keep your loan shopping within a specific time frame. In other words, only apply for personal loans for two weeks to 45 days at the most. If it takes any longer, you might receive multiple dings on your credit report rather than just one.
6. The Max Loan Offer May Not Be the Best Option
Personal loans can range between $2,000 to $50,000, and some lenders, such as SoFi, offer as much as $100,000 loans. With that in mind, you may qualify for a large amount, but that doesn’t necessarily mean you should take the highest offer. Consult your finances and budget before deciding what personal loan amount to accept, because if you accept one for more money than you can afford, you will likely regret this.
Check Your Credit Score Before Applying
Most personal loan providers require at least a 640 credit score. However, some companies, such as Achieve and Upstart, offer loans to 620 credit scores and up. If you make your personal loan payments on time and responsibly handle your other credit responsibilities, a personal loan can improve your credit in the long run and immensely help your credit card utilization rate if you choose to use it for debt consolidation.
Before you determine if a personal loan is right for you, pull your credit first. With Credit.com, you can check your credit score for free.