Editor’s Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.
Forex options, also called currency options, are contracts that give the purchaser the option to buy foreign currency from the exchange at a specific price on or before a specific date.
Like stock options, there are two different types of forex options: A call option gives the holder the right to buy currency at a specified price (the strike price), while the holder of a put option has the right to sell a currency at a predetermined price.
Those investing in foreign countries may use forex options as a way to hedge against unfavorable fluctuations of foreign currencies or to speculate on volatility.
What Is Forex Options Trading?
Like options in the stock market, currency options are a derivative instrument. In this case, the underlying asset is a foreign currency pair. Currencies (also known as FX or forex) are generally traded in pairs. One major currency pair, for example, is EUR/USD, which indicates the value of the euro against the U.S. dollar.
Foreign currency options are a way to invest in foreign currency markets without trading in the actual currencies themselves. đĄ Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.
How Forex Options Trading Works
If you understand how to trade options in the stock market, currency options work in a similar manner. Buying a currency call option gives you the right (but not the obligation) to purchase a particular foreign currency at a specified price (the strike price) at any time before its expiration date.
A currency put option works in a similar way, except that the buyer has the right (but not the obligation) to sell a currency at a given price before the expiration of the option.
You can also purchase combinations of both put and call options at different strike prices and/or different expiration dates, depending on how you think the market will move. You can always close out your position before the options expire. Owning options gives you exposure to movements in the exchange rate without having to actually purchase the currency.
Types of Forex Options Available
The most basic currency options come in two types: so-called âvanillaâ calls and puts.
Vanilla Call and Put Options
A forex call option gives the holder the right (but not the obligation) to purchase a given currency at a specific price, any time on or before the optionâs expiration date. You would generally buy a forex call option if you have a bullish outlook on a particular currency.
A forex put option works in the opposite manner. If you hold a put option, you have the right (but not the obligation) to sell a specific currency at a particular price before the options expire.
Purchasing a put option is something that you would do if you have a bearish outlook on the underlying currency.
SPOT Options
Another type of currency option is single payment options trading (SPOT). With a SPOT option, an investor and broker can set more detailed conditions for the option to pay out. These conditions are either met, or not. Because there are only two possible outcomes upon the option expiring, these options are sometimes called binary currency options.
Example of Trading Forex Options
If an investor expects the value of a currency will fall, they may choose to buy a put option to earn the right (but not the obligation) to sell the currency in question at a predetermined price during a set timeframe.
For example, if a U.S. investor expects the euro will fall in value against the U.S. dollar, they may buy a EUR/USD put option. Essentially, the option can help the option holder protect themselves against depreciation of a given currency. đĄ Quick Tip: Options can be a cost-efficient way to place certain trades, because you typically purchase options contracts, not the underlying security. That said, options trading can be risky, and best done by those who are not entirely new to investing.
Benefits and Risks of Forex Options Trading
Here are some of the pros and cons of trading forex options:
Benefits
Using forex options can be a cost effective way to potentially help hedge an investorsâ portfolio against currency risk. For example, an investor who owns foreign stocks may consider investing in local currencies via options to reduce currency risk. Investors may want to weigh the optionâs premium, as well as risk against possible outcomes.
Risks
Like any investment, trading currency options comes with a set of risks. Options are complex, high-risk instruments that require investors to understand how they work.
Currency values may fluctuate based on macroeconomic events, economic data, or political events. This means that FX options investors must bear in mind the risk profile of particular countries, as well as that of their own portfolio. Because currencies react to interest rates, trading currency options also bears interest rate risk. Traders who use leverage to potentially earn higher profits with less money, also risk losing more than their initial investment.
Benefits
Risks
Using forex options is a low-cost way to potentially hedge against adverse currency moves.
The price of currencies can be extremely volatile.
Using leverage, there is the potential for higher profits with less money invested.
Political risk as currency markets react to local governmentsâ policies.
You have many different ways to trade depending on your market outlook.
Options may be less liquid than the currencies themselves.
The Takeaway
Trading forex options can be a way for you to invest in the foreign currency market without actually owning the currency itself. You can use call options, put options, or a combination based on how you think the market will perform.
Qualified investors who are ready to try their hand at options trading, despite the risks involved, might consider checking out SoFiâs options trading platform. The platformâs user-friendly design allows investors to trade through the mobile app or web platform, and get important metrics like breakeven percentage, maximum profit/loss, and more with the click of a button.
Plus, SoFi offers educational resources â including a step-by-step in-app guide â to help you learn more about options trading. Trading options involves high-risk strategies, and should be undertaken by experienced investors.
For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.
FAQ
What are some types of forex options?
The two kinds of forex options are call options and put options. A call option allows the holder to buy the specified currency at a given strike price, while a put option allows the holder to sell a given currency at a particular price. There are also SPOT, or binary currency options.
What is a forex call option?
A forex call option allows the holder to buy a specific currency at a specific price, on or before the expiration date.
How are forex options settled?
If you hold a currency option that is in the money at expiration, there are two possibilities for settlement. You can settle the option with cash or by a physical delivery of currency. If you are short an in-the-money option at expiration, you may need to deposit cash into your account to settle your account.
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Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes. Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results. Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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Along the scenic shores of the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland offers a captivating blend of vibrant urban centers and picturesque landscapes. From the bustling streets of Baltimore, with its historic charm and lively cultural scene, to the quaint waterfront town of Annapolis, steeped in colonial heritage and nautical tradition, this state has a lot to offer its residents. However, living in Maryland comes with its challenges. In this ApartmentGuide article, we’ll dive into the pros and cons of living in Maryland giving you a clear picture of what to expect.
Renting in Maryland snapshot
1. Pro: Rich historical sites
Maryland has a wealth of rich historical sites that offer residents a fascinating glimpse into the past. From the colonial-era streets of Annapolis to the Civil War battlefields of Antietam, history buffs can immerse themselves in the state’s diverse heritage. These landmarks along with historical sites provide insight into Maryland’s significant role in shaping American history.
2. Con: High cost of living
Maryland’s high cost of living, especially in cities like Bethesda and Columbia, poses a challenge for many residents. Housing costs, including rent and property prices, are notably steep, making it difficult to afford adequate accommodation. In fact, the median sale price in Bethesda is $1,123,750 where rent for a one-bedroom apartment is $2,522. Additionally, expenses for everyday necessities such as groceries, healthcare, and transportation tend to be higher compared to national averages, impacting residents’ overall quality of life and financial well-being.
3. Pro: Access to quality education
Maryland offers residents access to quality education through its esteemed institutions and strong public school system. Universities like Johns Hopkins and the University of Maryland rank among the nation’s top academic institutions, providing students with world-class education and research opportunities.
4. Con: Traffic congestion
Maryland’s major urban centers, particularly the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area, grapple with significant traffic congestion. Daily commutes are often plagued by long delays and gridlock on highways and major thoroughfares.
5. Pro: Outdoor recreation
From the sandy beaches of Ocean City to the rolling hills of the Appalachian Mountains in Western Maryland, the state’s varied terrain caters to outdoor enthusiasts of all kinds. Residents can explore scenic hiking trails in places like Patapsco Valley State Park, kayak along the tranquil waters of the Chesapeake Bay, or enjoy birdwatching in the marshes of Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge on the Eastern Shore.
6. Con: Weather variability
Maryland’s weather is characterized by variability, with residents experiencing a range of climatic conditions throughout the year. Winters can be cold and snowy, while summers are hot and humid, with occasional heatwaves. Additionally, the state is prone to severe weather events such as thunderstorms, hurricanes, and nor’easters, which can disrupt daily life and pose risks to property and safety.
7. Pro: Delicious seafood
Maryland’s proximity to the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean ensures a bounty of delicious seafood for residents to enjoy. The state is renowned for its blue crabs, prized for their sweet and succulent meat, which are a staple of Maryland cuisine. Residents can indulge in iconic dishes like crab cakes, steamed crabs, and Maryland crab soup at local seafood restaurants and crab shacks throughout the state.
8. Con: High pollen levels
Maryland’s diverse environment and seasonal changes contribute to high pollen levels, triggering allergies for many residents. Springtime brings pollen from trees like oak, maple, and birch, while summer and fall see increased pollen from grasses and weeds.
9. Pro: Proximity to major cities
Maryland’s strategic location along the East Coast provides residents with easy access to major cities like Washington D.C. and Philadelphia. Commuters can take advantage of commuter rail services like MARC and Amtrak to travel to urban centers for work or leisure. This proximity to major cities also offers cultural amenities, entertainment options, and job opportunities for Maryland residents.
10. Con: High humidity
Maryland’s humid subtropical climate brings high humidity levels, especially during the summer months, creating uncomfortable conditions for residents. Coastal areas like Annapolis and Ocean City experience muggy air and oppressive humidity, making outdoor activities challenging. The combination of heat and humidity can lead to discomfort, dehydration, and heat-related illnesses.
11. Pro: Sports culture
12. Con: Property taxes
Maryland’s high property taxes are largely influenced by the state’s higher housing costs, especially in affluent areas like Bethesda and Potomac. The demand for housing in these regions drives up property values, resulting in higher assessed values and subsequently higher property tax bills for homeowners. These additional costs should be considered when jumping from renting to homeownership.
Methodology : The population data is from the United States Census Bureau, walkable cities are from Walk Score, and rental data is from ApartmentGuide.
Finding a hotel can sometimes cause sensory overload â the sheer number of online travel agencies and hotel websites to check is enough to put anyone in freeze mode. If only there was a single site to help you navigate an infinite maze of hotel rooms.
Enter Trivago, a metasearch engine that compares lodging options to help you find the right hotel for your stay and save money in the process. Perhaps it also can help you calm your senses while vacation planning. Here’s the scoop on Trivago.
How does Trivago work?
Trivago is not a booking site, but instead, it is a price comparison site that is available in more than 50 countries. It shows hotel prices for more than 5 million properties â from multiple booking platforms, including online travel agencies (OTAs), hotel chains and independent hotels â in one place.
Trivagoâs search engine is capable of pulling up prices for the same hotel from hundreds of websites, including Booking.com, Expedia, Hotels.com, Vrbo, Trip.com and Priceline. Once you find a deal you like, Trivago transfers you to the booking site offering that rate to complete the booking process.
đ¤Nerdy Tip
The websites Trivago refers to have been vetted, which means you wonât find any illegitimate or fraudulent websites that phish for your personal information or credit card numbers.
Keep in mind that Trivago searches hotel prices only and canât search for other trip components, such as flights or rental cars.
The Trivago hotel rates you see are updated often so that you see the current prices, minus taxes and fees. However, in some rare cases, the offer you find on Trivago might be higher on the corresponding booking site itself.
How to search for accommodations through Trivago
You can start your Trivago hotel search on Trivago.com by entering a city, a landmark or a specific property you have in mind. Specify your travel dates, the number of rooms and guests, and click âSearch.â
Because youâre going to see a plethora of properties, itâs best to apply filters to narrow your search.
First of all, you can set a price range per night or for the total number of nights.
Then, you can apply more filters, such as a hotelâs star rating, and check the boxes with the amenities that are important to you, including free cancellation, a gym, breakfast included, a pool, parking and pet-friendly, to name several possibilities.
Guest ratings are important â you donât want to stay at a property with bad reviews. The next filter lets you eliminate accommodations with poor ratings.
Say you donât want to go lower than an 8 out of 10. Then check a box with a âVery goodâ guest rating. Wonât settle for anything lower than an 8.5? Then click âExcellent,â and Trivago will filter out properties with subpar reviews.
Next up is property type. Whether you prefer staying at a hotel, guesthouse, bed and breakfast, hostel or apartment, you can select the property type youâre looking for and eliminate the ones that donât interest you.
Location is an important factor affecting your hotel search. If youâre looking for a place in a certain neighborhood or even near a specific address, you can select or enter it as well.
Finally, sort the search results by the following priorities:
Trivagoâs recommendations.
Guest ratings.
You also can sort by multiple priorities, such as âPrice and recommendedâ or âRating and recommended.â
Trivagoâs recommendations feature is based on an algorithm that takes into account âthe offerâs price, its general attractiveness and the accuracy of the rates provided to us by the booking sites.â
Keep in mind that unless youâre looking at Trivago Book & Go, the booking process goes through whatever booking platform you choose, whether itâs an OTA or directly with a hotel.
đ¤Nerdy Tip
The initial rate you see doesnât include taxes and fees. Youâll be able to see the final room rate on the booking site of choice.
What is Trivago Book & Go?
With Trivago Book & Go service, you can make a hotel reservation with the accommodation provider. In this case, the platform acts as a facilitator, connecting you with a partnering travel agency. This allows you to book Trivago hotel deals directly with the partner.
Of course, Trivago charges the partner site a fee for the reservations you make through the Book & Go page.
How to find Trivago hotel deals
Apply filters
Trivagoâs ability to search hundreds of websites is a good thing and a bad thing at the same time. Having access to that many options can be overwhelming to sift through.
Trivago has several filters that can help you find the best hotel deal possible. Examples include price, accommodation type and ratings. The more filters you apply to your search, the more tailored your results will be.
Having said that, if youâre finding too few hotels once the filters are applied, especially if youâre searching in an area with fewer accommodation options, consider expanding your search by opening up some of the search criteria.
Use the interactive map
If you click on âView mapâ in your Trivago search results, you can find hotels based primarily on their physical location. The map shows each propertyâs location and nightly price, and you can zoom in and out to focus on one specific area or expand your search to multiple neighborhoods in either direction of your preferred location.
When you hover your cursor over a price, more information about a hotel will appear, including its guest rating, the number of reviews and the website with the best deal.
Check for promo codes or other discounts
Once you find a hotel on Trivago, we recommend checking how you could lower the price you see even further. Some accommodation providers offer AAA, AARP and military rates to members.
Additionally, you might be able to find a promo code for select websites, such as Orbitz or Hotels.com. Finally, ask around to see if anyone you know works for a hotel chain and can get you a friends and family discount.
Trivago hotel deals, recapped
If searching for a place to stay is giving your brain more information than it can process, give online resource Trivago a try.
The metasearch engine helps you filter out the noise and find hotel deals in one place. Use the map feature to zone in on a preferred location and scroll until you find the best lodging option for you and your travel companions.
How to maximize your rewards
You want a travel credit card that prioritizes whatâs important to you. Here are our picks for the best travel credit cards of 2024, including those best for:
Series I Savings Bond rates are set to change on May 1, 2024, when the new rates will be announced. To give some perspective, for Series I Bonds issued from November 2023 through April 2024, the yield (composite rate) was 5.27% for six months after the issue date. So, is now a good time to buy I bonds?
Investors with a long-term savings outlook who are looking for a safe investment may want to consider investing in Series I Savings Bonds, commonly known as I Bonds. I Bonds are similar to most bonds in that they are essentially a loan to an entity (in this case the U.S. government), with the promise to return your money with interest. I Bonds are different in that they may offer some tax breaks as well. Here are nine important things to know before you invest in I Bonds.
9 Important Things to Know Before You Invest in I Bonds
1. I Bonds May Offer a Higher Rate, But Not a Fixed Rate
For those looking for low-risk investment returns, I Bonds may be a good option, but they are not traditional fixed-income securities. I Bonds are a type of savings bond offered by the U.S. Treasury and backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. They are unique in that they offer two types of interest payments: a fixed rate and a variable rate, which together provide the bondâs composite rate.
The fixed-rate portion is determined when the bond is purchased, and remains the same for the life of the bond. The variable rate gets adjusted twice a year (i.e., May and November), based on inflation rates. Investors may hold I Bonds for up to 30 years.
In May 2022, when inflation was high, I Bonds paid up to 9.62%. But as inflation cooled, the variable rate dropped. As mentioned, I Bonds issued from November 2023 through April 2024 have a composite rate of 5.27% for six months after the issue date, until the variable rate changes again.
đĄ Quick Tip: Help your money earn more money! Opening a bank account online often gets you higher-than-average rates.
2. Your I Bond Principal Is Guaranteed
Because I Bonds are backed by the U.S. government they have a low risk of default and offer tax-advantaged interest income. Furthermore, the principal is guaranteed. This means (unlike traditional, non-government bonds) that the redemption value will never decrease. This is one of the advantages of savings bonds as a whole. As a result, I Bonds are considered low-risk investments.
3. I Bonds Offer Some Tax Breaks
Tax-efficient investors may want to consider certain I Bond features. Because I Bonds are exempt from municipal or state taxes, this can be a boon for some investors. That said, while federal taxes usually apply, they could be deferred until the bond is ultimately sold or matures; whichever happens first.
Additionally, I Bond investors may use the interest payments for qualified higher education expenses, and receive a 100% deduction (this is called the education exclusion). Some restrictions apply, including:
⢠You must cash out your I Bonds the year that you want to claim the education exclusion.
⢠You must use the interest paid to cover qualified higher education expenses for you, your spouse, or your dependent children the same year.
⢠You cannot be married, filing separately.
4. I Bonds Are Similar to E Bonds & EE Bonds
Investors who are familiar with the Series E Bond may also find I Bonds appealing. While Series E Bonds are no longer available from the Treasury, they can still be purchased from other investors who currently hold them. Historically, Series E bonds were also known as defense or war bonds.
Series E bonds were replaced by Series EE bonds (aka âPatriot Bondsâ) in 1980. Today, like Series I Bonds, investors can buy EE Savings Bonds from TreasuryDirect .
An interesting feature of Series EE Savings Bonds is that, over a 20-year period, these bonds are guaranteed to double in value. And should the interest not be enough to double the value, the U.S. Treasury will top it up, giving the bond an effective interest rate of 3.5% per year during that period.
While I Bonds donât offer the same guarantee, your principal is guaranteed and the bonds are designed to keep pace with inflation.
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Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $300 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.60% APY on your cash!
5. I Bonds Are Easy to Purchase
Investors can purchase electronic I Bonds online through TreasuryDirect in denominations over $25. The maximum amount of electronic I Bonds someone can purchase is $10,000 per calendar year.
In paper format, investors may use their tax refund to purchase up to $5,000 a year.
6. I Bonds Are a Long-Term Investment
In general, the primary risks in buying bonds revolve around redemption. What if you need your money before maturity?
I Bonds are generally a long-term investment. To start with, investors must understand that they have their money locked up for one year. After that, investors who redeem their I Bonds before theyâve held the bond for five years will forfeit the last three months of interest. (You can redeem an I Bond after five years with no penalty.)
As a result, those looking for a shorter-term investment may want to consider investing in Treasury bills.
đĄ Quick Tip: If youâre saving for a short-term goal â whether itâs a vacation, a wedding, or the down payment on a house â consider opening a high-yield savings account. The higher APY that youâll earn will help your money grow faster, but the funds stay liquid, so they are easy to access when you reach your goal.
7. Other Investments Might Offer Better Returns
One possible advantage of investing in stocks, mutual funds, and ETFs is that investors could potentially make a profit if the stock or fund does well. For instance, historically, stocks have been shown to be one of the best ways to build wealth over time. However, there is also risk involved, and you could lose money if the investment performs poorly.
TIPS, or Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, are also a type of government bond designed to protect investors from inflation. The principal amount of a TIPS bond will increase with inflation, while the interest payments remain fixed. I Bonds are similar to TIPS but offer additional protection against deflation.
8. Itâs Hard to Predict an I Bondâs Return Over Time
To maximize your return on investment when purchasing I Bonds, it is essential to understand the differences between the two interest rate components of the bond, and how they can play out over time.
I Bonds offer a fixed interest rate, which remains the same for the life of the bond, and the inflation-protection component, which adjusts with changes in inflation rates twice per year.
So if you buy an I Bond, the composite rate would be the same for the first six months after the issue date. After that, your rate would adjust with the current inflation rate. If inflation goes up, so would the rate of return. If inflation goes down, the bondâs inflation rate would likewise decrease.
And if you hold onto your I Bond for 10, 20, or 30 years, you would likely see some years with higher inflation rates and some years with lower inflation rates.
9. You Must Meet Certain Criteria to Buy an I Bond
To be eligible to buy I Bonds you must be:
⢠A United States citizen, no matter where you live,
⢠A United States resident, or
⢠A civilian employee of the United States, no matter where you live.
Also, investors can only purchase I Bonds with U.S. funds. You cannot buy them with foreign currency.
The Takeaway
If youâre looking for a generally safe and reliable investment option, I Bonds may be worth considering. They offer tax breaks and other benefits that can make them a low- risk choice for your long-term savings goals. That said, because I Bonds come with a composite rate of return, itâs hard to predict how much your money will actually earn over time.
With I Bonds, your principal is guaranteed. If you buy a $1,000 I Bond, no matter what happens, you will get your $1,000 back.
If youâre interested in savings vehicles, there are alternatives to government bonds, including savings accounts with a higher APY (annual percentage yield). By exploring your options, you can choose the best option â or options â for you.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, youâll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWalletâs 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.
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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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4.60% APY SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holderâs SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holderâs employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (âDirect Depositâ) via the Automated Clearing House (âACHâ) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.
SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holderâs SoFi Checking and Savings account (âQualifying Depositsâ) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holderâs Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (âSoFi Bankâ) or from a merchant.
SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holderâs Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the âStart Dateâ and âEnd Dateâ set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the â30-Day Evaluation Periodâ). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
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The average barberâs salary is $52,123 a year, according to the latest data from ZipRecruiter. But barber salaries can range from about $17,500 to more than $86,000.
How much money you can make as a barber may depend on several factors, including education, certifications, experience, and where youâre located. Hereâs a look at what barbers do and how they get paid.
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What Are Barbers?
A barberâs main job is to cut and style hair, usually for male clients. Barbers also may trim or shave facial hair, fit hairpieces, and provide hair-coloring services.
To become a barber, you must obtain a license in the state where you plan to work. Licensing qualifications can vary, but youâll likely have to meet a minimum age requirement, have a high school diploma or equivalent, and have graduated from a state-licensed barber program. You may also have to pass a state licensing exam.
A barbershop often doubles as a social hub where men can go to swap stories and catch up on the latest news while they enjoy a little personal care. If mingling with clients all day isnât your thing, you may want to check out jobs with less human interaction. đĄ Quick Tip: Online tools make tracking your spending a breeze: You can easily set up budgets, then get instant updates on your progress, spot upcoming bills, analyze your spending habits, and more.
How Much Do Starting Barbers Make?
An entry-level salary for a barber can range from $8.41 to $41.35 or more an hour, according to ZipRecruiter. Brand-new barbers tend to earn the highest hourly wages in New Jersey, Wyoming, and Wisconsin.
Recommended: What Trade Jobs Make the Most Money?
What Salary Can a Barber Expect to Make?
Barber jobs in the U.S. can pay anywhere from $17,500 to $86,000 or more, according to ZipRecruiter data. How much you can expect to make may depend on several factors, including how many hours you work and how many clients you serve; if you live in a region with more competitive pay; and if you work on commission, rent a chair at a shop, or own your own barbershop.
Hereâs a look at the average barberâs income by state.
State
Average Salary for a Barber
Alabama
$49,572
Alaska
$53,033
Arizona
$50,968
Arkansas
$40,073
California
$46,632
Colorado
$50,860
Connecticut
$47,890
Delaware
$48,177
Florida
$40,869
Georgia
$46,181
Hawaii
$51,460
Idaho
$44,515
Illinois
$46,962
Indiana
$52,044
Iowa
$47,980
Kansas
$44,493
Kentucky
$42,214
Louisiana
$44,134
Maine
$45,672
Maryland
$46,693
Massachusetts
$53,224
Michigan
$42,137
Minnesota
$50,551
Mississippi
$47,266
Missouri
$45,239
Montana
$50,200
Nebraska
$45,804
Nevada
$50,144
New Hampshire
$54,449
New Jersey
$53,861
New Mexico
$50,829
New York
$60,841
North Carolina
$43,866
North Dakota
$52,473
Ohio
$49,290
Oklahoma
$44,358
Oregon
$52,559
Pennsylvania
$55,714
Rhode Island
$48,681
South Carolina
$44,791
South Dakota
$49,593
Tennessee
$47,059
Texas
$44,130
Utah
$46,849
Vermont
$60,007
Virginia
$47,628
Washington
$53,744
West Virginia
$43,029
Wisconsin
$52,882
Wyoming
$53,101
Source: ZipRecruiter
Recommended: Highest Paying Jobs by State
Barber Job Considerations for Pay and Benefits
A barberâs compensation is traditionally set up in one of two ways:
⢠Renting a chair or booth: Barbers who rent a chair at a barbershop pay the owner or franchise a fee for the space where they work, but they keep the rest of what they earn. This can give barbers more control over their work schedule and the services they choose to offer.
⢠Earning a commission: Barbers who work on commission are paid a percentage of what they earn (typically between 40% to 70%). Or they could receive a predetermined hourly wage or salary plus a bonus commission. New barbers may choose to work a few years on commission to gain knowledge of how the business works and build a clientele, and then switch to renting a chair.
In addition, barbers can earn tips, usually about 15% to 20% of the price of a haircut or other service provided. Online tools like a money tracker app can help you keep track of your spending and saving from month to month.
Pros and Cons of a Barberâs Salary
As with any job, there are pros and cons to working as a barber, including:
Pros
⢠Attending a barber school can take less time (usually a year or less) and is far less expensive than getting a college degree. Tuition is about $14,000 on average (not including books and supplies), but costs can range from about $4,000 to $25,000, depending on the program. Financial assistance may be available through federal or private student loans, grants, and scholarships.
⢠Job prospects for barbers are good. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment for barbers is projected to grow by 7% over the next decade, which is faster than the average for all occupations.
⢠Popular barbers often can work the hours they choose while serving clients who appreciate their creativity â and reward them with their loyalty and generous tips. If you like the idea of becoming an entrepreneur, you may even decide to start your own business someday.
Cons
⢠It can take time to build a reputation and a reliable list of repeat customers. In the meantime, you may experience some income instability, and tips may vary from one client to the next. This could make budgeting and spending difficult at times.
⢠As a barber, you may not receive the same employee benefits that other careers generally offer, including health insurance, a 401(k) or similar retirement plan, paid sick leave, or vacation pay. You might have to work nights, weekends, or a fluctuating schedule that makes it hard to plan your social life. And you may have to pay for your own work tools.
⢠You might also want to consider how long your career as a barber might last. Though it can be a fulfilling job, the work can be hard on your neck, back, hands, and feet. đĄ Quick Tip: We love a good spreadsheet, but not everyone feels the same. An online budget planner can give you the same insight into your budgeting and spending at a glance, without the extra effort.
The Takeaway
Your income potential as a barber will likely depend on where you work and the loyalty of your clientele. If youâre a creative and skilled stylist who likes keeping up with the latest trends, and you have good social skills, being a barber could be a great career choice. It also can help to have some business skills, as you may face unique challenges when it comes to managing your income, tracking your cash flow, planning for retirement, and paying taxes.
FAQ
Can you make $100,000 a year as a barber?
Once you establish yourself and build a solid clientele, you may be able to earn six figures as a barber. Your success, though, will likely depend on how in demand you are, how willing you are to travel or work long hours, the clientele you cater to, and if you own your own shop.
Do people like being a barber?
Though barbering can be hard work, barbers on Payscale.com gave their job an average of 4.2 stars out of 5. If cutting hair and providing other personal care services is your passion â and youâd enjoy building a bond with your clients â you could find a career as a barber is right for you.
Is it hard to get hired as a barber?
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the job outlook for barbers should be solid for at least the next decade. If you get the proper training, become a licensed barber, and can demonstrate that you have the skills and demeanor for the job, it shouldnât be too hard to find work.
Photo credit: iStock/dusanpetkovic
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Have you been wondering, âShould I move to Baltimore, MD?â Located along the Chesapeake Bay, Baltimore offers a blend of historic charm and urban experiences. Yet, like any city, it comes with its share of complexities. In this article, weâll dive into the pros and cons to consider before making the move to Baltimore, helping you weigh its unique offerings against potential challenges to make an informed decision about your future home. Letâs get started.
Baltimore at a Glance
Walk Score: 64 | Bike Score: 53 | Transit Score: 53
Median Sale Price: $200,000 | Average Rent for 1-Bedroom Apartment: $1,400
Baltimore neighborhoods | Houses for rent in Baltimore | Apartments for rent in Baltimore | Homes for sale in Baltimore
Pro: Great historical significance
From the cobblestone streets of Fells Point to the historic ships in the Inner Harbor, Baltimore offers a unique glimpse into Americaâs past. For example, the city is home to the Fort McHenry National Monument. This monument is renowned for its role in the War of 1812 and was the inspiration for the writing of âThe Star-Spangled Banner.â Additionally, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Museum preserves the legacy of Americaâs first common-carrier railroad. The museum showcases historic locomotives, rolling stock, and artifacts that tell the story of railroading in America. Whether exploring historic neighborhoods or visiting museums and monuments, youâre sure to find a historical treasure in this city.
Con: Concerns over infrastructure
Baltimore faces challenges with aging infrastructure, from roads and bridges to public buildings and utilities. This can lead to frequent disruptions in services and necessitates ongoing maintenance and upgrades. The impact on daily life, including potential delays and increased commuting times, is a significant concern for some residents.
Pro: Dynamic arts and culture scene
The city is a haven for art lovers and culture enthusiasts. The Baltimore Museum of Art and the American Visionary Art Museum showcase vast collections that celebrate both classical and contemporary art. Annual events like Artscape, the countryâs largest free arts festival, highlight the cityâs commitment to the arts. This vibrant cultural scene fosters a strong sense of community and provides endless entertainment and inspiration.
Con: High property taxes
One of the financial challenges of living in Baltimore is the high property tax rate, which is among the highest in Maryland. This can significantly increase the cost of homeownership, affecting affordability for residents. The high taxes can also deter potential homebuyers and investors which could impact the cityâs housing market and overall economic growth.
Pro: Exceptional educational institutions
Baltimore is home to world-renowned institutions such as Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland, Baltimore. These institutions not only contribute to the cityâs prestige but also attract a diverse population of people from around the globe. The presence of these educational giants fosters a vibrant intellectual community and drives innovation in various fields, including health and science.
Con: Limited green spaces
Compared to other cities, Baltimore struggles with providing ample green spaces for its residents. While there are notable exceptions like Patterson Park and Druid Hill Park, the cityâs urban planning has not prioritized green areas. This scarcity affects peopleâs ability to easily access outdoor recreational activities and contributes to the urban heat island effect, making the city warmer during the hot summer months.
Pro: Foodieâs paradise
Baltimoreâs culinary scene is a delightful exploration of flavors, with an emphasis on seafood that reflects its Chesapeake Bay location. The cityâs signature dish, Maryland blue crabs seasoned with Old Bay, is a must-try. Neighborhoods like Little Italy and the emerging culinary hotspot in Hampden offer diverse dining experiences.
Con: Occasional flooding issues
Parts of Baltimore, especially those close to the water, are prone to flooding. Heavy rains can overwhelm the cityâs drainage system, leading to waterlogged streets and basements. This issue not only causes immediate inconvenience but also raises concerns about long-term property damage and the costs associated with flood mitigation and insurance. Itâs a significant consideration for anyone looking to live or invest in certain areas of the city.
Baltimore is known for its strong sense of community and active engagement in social and environmental issues. Neighborhood associations, community groups, and activists work tirelessly to address challenges and improve the city for all its residents. One example of this is the annual âMayorâs Spring Cleanup,â where locals come together to clean up litter and spruce up their neighborhoods. The strong community spirit in Baltimore not only enhances the quality of life for everyone, but also contributes to the cityâs resilience and sense of collective identity.
Con: Varied housing market
While Baltimore offers a diverse range of housing options, from historic row houses to modern apartments, navigating the market can be daunting. The disparity in housing quality and prices across different neighborhoods can make finding the right home challenging. This variance requires thorough research and consideration, especially for those unfamiliar with the cityâs geography and real estate landscape.
Pro: Thriving nightlife and entertainment
The cityâs nightlife and entertainment scene is vibrant and diverse, catering to a wide range of tastes. From live music venues in the arts district to bustling bars and clubs in the Inner Harbor, thereâs always something happening after dark. This thriving nightlife enhances the cityâs cultural appeal and contributes to the local economy, making Baltimore a lively place to live and visit.
Jenna is a Midwest native who enjoys writing about home improvement projects and local insights. When sheâs not working, you can find her cooking, crocheting, or backpacking with her fiancĂŠ.
Our goal here at Credible Operations, Inc., NMLS Number 1681276, referred to as “Credible” below, is to give you the tools and confidence you need to improve your finances. Although we do promote products from our partner lenders who compensate us for our services, all opinions are our own.
Home equity loan
Home equity line of credit (HELOC)
Interest rate
Fixed
Variable
Monthly payment amount
Fixed
Variable
Closing costs and fees
Yes
Yes, might be lower than other loan types
Repayment period
Typically 5-30 years
Typically 10-20 years
FAQ
What is a rate lock?
Interest rates on mortgages fluctuate all the time, but a rate lock allows you to lock in your current rate for a set amount of time. This ensures you get the rate you want as you complete the homebuying process.
What are mortgage points?
Mortgage points are a type of prepaid interest that you can pay upfront â often as part of your closing costs â for a lower overall interest rate. This can lower your APR and monthly payments.
What are closing costs?
Closing costs are the fees you, as the buyer, need to pay before getting a loan. Common fees include attorney fees, home appraisal fees, origination fees, and application fees.
If youâre trying to find the right mortgage rate, consider using Credible. You can use Credible’s free online tool to easily compare multiple lenders and see prequalified rates in just a few minutes.
Editorial Note: We earn a commission from partner links on Forbes Advisor. Commissions do not affect our editors’ opinions or evaluations.
As we head into peak home-buying season, signs of life have begun to spring up in the housing market.
Even so, still-high mortgage rates and home prices amid historically low housing stock continue to put homeownership out of reach for many.
Moreover, the National Association of Realtors agreed to a monumental $418 million settlement on March 15 following a verdict favoring home sellers in a class action lawsuit. Still subject to court approval, the settlement requires changes to broker commissions that will upend the buying and selling model that has been in place for years.
Housing Market Forecast for 2024
Elevated mortgage rates, out-of-reach home prices and record-low housing stock are the perennial weeds that experts say hopeful home buyers can expect to contend with this springâand beyond.
âThe housing market is likely to continue to face the dual affordability constraints of high home prices and elevated interest rates in 2024,â said Doug Duncan, senior vice president and chief economist at Fannie Mae, in an emailed statement. âHotter-than-expected inflation data and strong payroll numbers are likely to apply more upward pressure to mortgage rates this year than weâd previously forecast.â
Despite ongoing affordability hurdles, Fannie Mae forecasts an increase in home sales transactions compared to last year. Experts also anticipate a slower rise in home prices this year compared to recent years, but price fluctuations will continue to vary regionally and depend strongly on local market supply.
U.S. home prices declined in January for the third consecutive month due to high borrowing costs, according to the latest S&P CoreLogic Case-Shiller Home Price Index. But prices year-over-year jumped 6%âthe fastest annual rate since 2022.
Chief economist at First American Financial Corporation Mark Fleming predicts a âflat stretchâ ahead.
âIf the 2020-2021 housing market was too hot, then the 2023 market was probably too cold, but 2024 wonât yet be just right,â Fleming said in his 2024 forecast.
Will the Housing Market Finally Recover in 2024?
For a housing recovery to occur, several conditions must unfold.
âFor the best possible outcome, weâd first need to see inventories of homes for sale turn considerably higher,â says Keith Gumbinger, vice president at online mortgage company HSH.com. âThis additional inventory, in turn, would ease the upward pressure on home prices, leveling them off or perhaps helping them to settle back somewhat from peak or near-peak levels.â
And, of course, mortgage rates would need to cool offâwhich experts say is imminent despite rates edging back up toward 7%. For the week ending April 11, the 30-year fixed mortgage rate stood at 6.88%, according to Freddie Mac.
However, when mortgage rates finally go on the descent, Gumbinger says donât hope they cool too quickly. Rapidly falling rates could create a surge of demand that wipes away any inventory gains, causing home prices to rebound.
âBetter that rate reductions happen at a metered pace, incrementally improving buyer opportunities over a stretch of time, rather than all at once,â Gumbinger says.
He adds that mortgage rates returning to a more ânormalâ upper 4% to lower 5% range would also help the housing market, over time, return to 2014-2019 levels. Yet, Gumbinger predicts it could be a while before we return to those rates.
Nonetheless, Kuba Jewgieniew, CEO of Realty ONE Group, a real estate brokerage company, is optimistic about a recovery this year.
â[W]eâre definitely looking forward to a better housing market in 2024 as interest rates start to settle around 6% or even lower,â says Jewgieniew.
NAR Settlement Rocks the Residential Real Estate Industry
Following years of litigation, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) has agreed to pay $418 million to settle a series of antitrust lawsuits filed in 2019 on behalf of home sellers.
The plaintiffs claimed that the leading national trade association for real estate brokers and agents âconspired to require home sellers to pay the broker representing the buyer of their homes in violation of federal antitrust law.â
Though the landmark settlement is subject to court approval, most consider it a done deal.
The settlement requires NAR to enact new rules, including prohibiting offers of broker compensation on multiple listing services (MLS), the private databases that allow local real estate brokers to publish and share information about residential property listings. The rule is set to take effect in mid-July, once the settlement receives judge approval.
Moreover, sellers will no longer be required to pay buyer broker commissions and real estate agents participating in the MLS must establish written representation agreements with their buyer clients.
NAR denies any wrongdoing and maintains that its current policies benefit buyers and sellers. The organization believes itâs not liable for seller claims related to broker commissions, stating that it has never set commissions and that commissions have always been negotiable.
How Will the New Rules Impact the Buying and Selling Process?
Per the settlementâs terms, the costs associated with buying and selling a home are set to change dramatically.
âThe primary things that will change are the decoupling of the seller commission and the buyer commission in the MLS,â says Rita Gibbs, a Realtor at Realty One Group Integrity in Tucson. âItâs gonna cause some chaos.â
While sellers will no longer be able to offer broker compensation in the MLS, thereâs no rule prohibiting off-MLS negotiations. Because of this, Gibbs suspects buyers and sellers will continue offering broker compensation off the MLS.
The Department of Justice confirmed it will permit listing brokers to display compensation details on their websites. However, buyer agents will need to undergo the tedious task of visiting countless broker websites to find whoâs offering what.
Michael Gorkowski, a Virginia-based real estate agent with Compass, is also trying to figure out how to manage the potential ruling.
âWe often work with buyers for many months and sometimes years before they find exactly what theyâre looking for,â Gorkowski says. âSo in a case where a seller isnât offering a co-broker commission, we will have to negotiate that the buyer pays an agreed-upon commission prior to starting their search.â
The Changes Will Impact These Home Buyers Most
âIn the short term, it is absolutely going to injure buyers, especially FHA and VA buyers,â Gibbs says. âWith rare exception, these buyers are not in a position to pay for their own agent.â
Gibbs says that if sellers donât offer compensation, many buyers who canât otherwise afford to pay a broker will choose to go unrepresented.
Gorkowski notes that veterans taking out VA loans face a unique challenge under the new rules. â[P]er the VA requirements, buyers cannot pay so it must be negotiated with the seller for now.â
As a result, NAR is calling on the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs to revise its policies prohibiting VA buyers from paying broker commissions. Even so, thereâs skepticism that the federal government will be able to implement changes in time for the July deadline.
Gibbs and Gorkowski are among the many agents especially concerned about first-time home buyers. After July, first-time and VA buyers will be required to sign a buyer-broker agreement stating that they will compensate their brokerâbut Gibbs says many wonât have the means to do so.
In this situation, agents would likely only show buyers homes where sellers are offering compensation.
âThis is a very troubling situation,â Gorkowski says.
Housing Inventory Forecast for 2024
With many homeowners âlocked inâ at ultra-low interest rates or unwilling to sell due to high home prices, demand continues to outpace housing supplyâand likely will for a whileâeven as some homeowners may finally be forced to sell due to major life events such as divorce, job changes or a growing family.
âI donât expect to see a meaningful increase in the supply of existing homes for sale until mortgage rates are back down in the low 5% range, so probably not in 2024,â says Rick Sharga, founder and CEO of CJ Patrick Company, a market intelligence and business advisory firm.
Housing stock remains near historic lowsâespecially entry-level supplyâwhich has propped up demand and sustained ultra-high home prices. Hereâs what the latest home values look like around the country.
Yet, some hopeful housing stock signs have begun to sprout:
Existing inventory is showing signs of loosening as impatient buyers and sellers have begun to accept the reality of mortgage rates oscillating between 6% and 7%.
Home-builder outlook also continues to get sunnier, trending back up amid declining mortgage rates and better building conditions.
The most recent National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI), which tracks builder sentiment, saw a fourth consecutive monthly rise, surpassing a crucial threshold with an increase from 48 to 51 in March. A reading of 50 or above means more builders see good conditions ahead for new construction.
At the same time, new single-family building permits ticked up 1% in Februaryâthe 13th consecutive monthly increaseâaccording to the latest data from the U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Residential Real Estate Stats: Existing, New and Pending Home Sales
Though some housing market data indicates signs of growth are in store this spring home-buying season, persistently high mortgage rates may hinder activity from fully flourishing.
Hereâs what the latest home sales data has to say.
Existing-Home Sales
Existing-home sales came to life in February, shooting up 9.5% from the month before, according to the latest data from the NAR. Sales dipped 3.3% from a year ago.
Experts attribute the monthly jump to a bump in inventory.
“Additional housing supply is helping to satisfy market demand,” said Lawrence Yun, chief economist at NAR, in the report.
Existing inventory rose 5.9%âlogging 1.07 million unsold homes at the end of February. However, there are still only 2.9 months of inventory at the current sales pace. Most experts consider a balanced market falling between four and six months.
Meanwhile, existing home prices continue to soar to unprecedented heights, reaching $384,500, which marks the eighth consecutive month of yearly price increases and a February median home price record.
New Home Sales
Sales of newly constructed single-family houses ticked down by a nominal 0.3% compared to January, but outpaced February 2023 sales by 5.9%, according to the latest U.S. Census Bureau and HUD data.
Amid a high percentage of homeowners still locked in to low mortgage rates, home builders have been picking up the slack.
âNew construction continues to be an outsized share of the housing inventory,â said Dr. Lisa Sturtevant, chief economist at Bright MLS, in an emailed statement.
Sturtevant notes that declining new home prices are coming amid a recent trend of builders introducing smaller and more affordable homes to the market.
The median price for a new home in February was $400,500, down 7.6% from a year ago.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Pending Home Sales
NARâs Pending Homes Sales Index rose 1.6% in February from the month prior even as mortgage rates approached 7% by the end of the month. Pending transactions declined 7% year-over-year.
A pending home sale marks the point in the home sales transaction when the buyer and seller agree on price and terms. Pending home sales are considered a leading indicator of future closed sales.
The Midwest and South saw monthly transaction gains while the Northeast and West saw declines due to affordability challenges in those higher-cost regions.
“While modest sales growth might not stir excitement, it shows slow and steady progress from the lows of late last year,” said Yun, in the report.
Ongoing Affordability Challenges Could Throw Cold Water on Spring Home-Buying Hopes
Though down from its 2023 high of 7.79%, the average 30-year fixed mortgage rate in 2024 remains well over 6% amid rising home values. As a result, home buyers continue to face affordability challenges.
According to data from its first-quarter 2024 U.S. Home Affordability Report, property data provider Attom found that median-priced single-family homes remain less affordable than the historical average in over 95% of U.S. counties.
For one, the data uncovered that expenses are eating up more than 32% of the average national wage. Common lending guidelines require monthly mortgage payments, property taxes and homeowners insurance to comprise 28% or less of your gross income.
At the same time, home prices and homeownership expenses continue to outpace wage growth.
Consequently, the latest expense-to-wage ratio is hovering at one of the highest points over the past decade, according to the Attom report, despite some slight affordability improvements over the last two quarters.
âAffording a home remains a financial stretch, or a pipe dream, for so many households,â said Rob Barber, CEO at Attom.
Pro Tips for Buyers and Sellers
Here are some expert tips to increase your chances for an optimal outcome in this tight housing market.
Pro Tips for Buying in Todayâs Real Estate Market
Hannah Jones, a senior economic research analyst at Realtor.com, offers this expert advice to aspiring buyers:
Know your budget. Instead of focusing on price, figure out how much you can afford as a monthly payment. Your monthly housing payment is influenced by the price of the home, your down payment, mortgage rate, loan term, home insurance and property taxes.
Be flexible about home size and location. Perhaps your budget is sufficient for a small home in your perfect neighborhood, or a larger, newer home further out. Understanding your priorities and having some flexibility can help you move quickly when a suitable home enters the market.
Keep an eye on the market where you hope to buy. Determine the area’s available inventory and price levels. Also, pay attention to how quickly homes sell. Not only will you be tuned in when something great hits the market, you can feel more confident moving forward with purchasing a well-priced home. A real estate agent can help with this.
Don’t be discouraged. Purchasing a home is one of the largest financial decisions youâll ever make. Approaching the market confidently, armed with good information and grounded expectations will take you far. Don’t let the hustle of the market convince you to buy something thatâs not in your budget, or not right for your lifestyle.
Pro Tips for Selling in Todayâs Real Estate Market
Gary Ashton, founder of The Ashton Real Estate Group of RE/MAX Advantage, has this expert advice for sellers:
Research comparable home prices in your area. Sellers need to have the most up-to-date pricing intel on comparable homes selling in their market. Know the market competition and price the home competitively. In addition, understand that in some price points itâs a buyer’s marketâyouâll need to be prepared to make some concessions.
Make sure your home is in top-notch shape. Homes need to be in great condition to compete and create a strong âonline curb appeal.â Well-maintained homes and attractive front yards are major features that buyers look for.
Work with a local real estate agent. A real estate agent or team with a strong local marketing presence and access to major real estate portals can offer significant value and help you land a great deal.
Donât put off issues that require attention. Prepare the home by making any repairs or improvements. Removing any objections that buyers may see helps focus the buyer on the positive attributes of the home.
Will the Housing Market Crash in 2024?
Despite some areas of the country experiencing monthly price declines, the likelihood of a housing market crashâa rapid drop in unsustainably high home prices due to waning demandâremains low for 2024.
â[T]he record low supply of houses on the market protects against a market crash,â says Tom Hutchens, executive vice president of production at Angel Oak Mortgage Solutions, a non-QM lender.
Moreover, experts point out that todayâs homeowners stand on much more secure footing than those coming out of the 2008 financial crisis, with many borrowers having substantial home equity.
âIn 2024, I expect weâll see home appreciation take a step back but not plummet,â says Orphe Divounguy, senior macroeconomist at Zillow Home Loans.
This outlook aligns with what other housing market watchers expect.
âComerica forecasts that national house prices will rise 2.9% in 2024,â said Bill Adams, chief economist at Comerica Bank, in an emailed statement.
Divounguy also notes that several factors, including Millennials entering their prime home-buying years, wage growth and financial wealth are tailwinds that will sustain housing demand in 2024.
Even so, with fewer homes selling, Dan Hnatkovskyy, co-founder and CEO of NewHomesMate, a marketplace for new construction homes, sees a price collapse within the realm of possibility, especially in markets where real estate investors scooped up numerous properties.
“If something pushes that over the edge, the consequences could be severe,â said Hnatkovskyy, in an emailed statement.
Will Foreclosures Increase in 2024?
In February, total foreclosure filings were down 1% from the previous month but up 8% from a year ago, according to Attom.
âThese trends could signify evolving financial landscapes for homeowners, prompting adjustments in market strategies and lending practices,â said Barber, in a report.
Lenders began foreclosure on 22,575 properties in February, up 4% from the previous month and 11% from a year ago. Meanwhile, real estate-owned properties, or REOs, which are homes unsold at foreclosure auctions and taken over by lenders, spiked year-over-year in three states: South Carolina (up 51%), Missouri (up 50%) and Pennsylvania (up 46%).
Despite foreclosure activity trending up nationally and certain areas of the country seeing notable annual increases in REOs, experts generally don’t expect to see a wave of foreclosures in 2024.
âForeclosure activity is still only at about 60% of pre-pandemic levels ⌠and isn’t likely to be back to 2019 numbers until sometime in mid-to-late 2024,â says Sharga.
The biggest reasons for this, Sharga explains, are the strength of the economyâweâre still seeing low unemployment and steady wage growthâalong with excellent loan quality.
Massive home price growth in homeowner equity over the past few years has also helped reduce foreclosures.
Sharga says that some 80% of todayâs homeowners have more than 20% equity in their property. So, while there may be more foreclosure starts in 2024âdue in part to Covid-era mortgage relief programs phasing outâforeclosure auctions and lender repossessions should remain below 2019 levels.
When Will Be the Best Time To Buy a Home in 2024?
Buying a houseâin any marketâis a highly personal decision. Because homes represent the largest single purchase most people will make in their lifetime, itâs crucial to be in a solid financial position before diving in.
Use a mortgage calculator to estimate your monthly housing costs based on your down. But if youâre trying to predict what might happen next year, experts say this is probably not the best home-buying strategy.
âThe housing marketâlike so many other marketsâis almost impossible to time,â Divounguy says. âThe best time for prospective buyers is when they find a home that they like, that meets their familyâs current and foreseeable needs and that they can afford.â
Gumbinger agrees itâs hard to tell would-be homeowners to wait for better conditions.
âMore often, it seems the case that home prices generally keep rising, so the goalposts for amassing a down payment keep moving, and there’s no guarantee that tomorrow’s conditions will be all that much better in the aggregate than today’s.â
Divounguy says âgetting on the housing ladderâ is worthwhile to begin building equity and net worth.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Will declining mortgage rates cause home prices to rise?
Declining mortgage rates will likely incentivize would-be buyers anxious to own a home to jump into the market. Expect this increased demand amid todayâs tight housing supply to put upward pressure on home prices.
What will happen if the housing market crashes?
Most experts do not expect a housing market crash in 2024 since many homeowners have built up significant equity in their homes. The issue is primarily an affordability crisis. High interest rates and inflated home values have made purchasing a home challenging for first-time homebuyers.
Is it smart to buy real estate before a recession?
If youâre in a financial position to buy a home you plan to live in for the long term, it wonât matter when you buy it because you will live in it through economic highs and lows. However, if you are looking to buy real estate as a short-term investment, it will come with more risk if you buy at the height before a recession.
A 401(k) plan is a retirement savings plan in which employees contribute to a tax-deferred account via paycheck deductions (and often with an employer match). A pension plan is a different kind of retirement savings plan in which a company sets money aside to give to future retirees.
Over the past few decades, defined-contribution plans like the 401(k) have steadily replaced pension plans as the private-sector, employer-sponsored retirement plan of choice. While both a 401(k) plan and a pension plan are employer-sponsored retirement plans, there are some significant differences between the two.
Hereâs what you need to know about a 401(k) vs. pension.
What Is the Difference Between a Pension and a 401(k)?
The main distinction between a 401(k) vs. a pension plan is that pension plans are largely employer driven, while 401(k)s are employee driven.
These are some of the key differences between the two plans.
Pension
401(k)
Funding
Typically funded by employers
Funded mainly by the employee; employer may offer a partial matching contribution
Contributions
No more than $275,000 in 2024 or 100% of employeeâs average compensation for the highest 3 consecutive years
$23,000 ($30,500 for those 50 and up) for 2024. Contributions from employee and employer cannot exceed $69,000 (or $76,500 for those 50 and up) in 2024
Investments
Employers choose the investments for the plan
Employees choose the investments from a list of options
Value of the Plan
Set amount designed to be guaranteed for life
Determined by how much the employee contributes, the investments they make, and the performance of the investments
Funding
Employees typically fund 401(k) plans through regular contributions from their paychecks to help save for retirement, while employers typically fund pension plans.
Investments
Employees can choose investments (from several options) in their 401(k). Employers choose the investments that fund a pension plan.
Value
The value of a 401(k) plan at retirement depends on how much the employee has saved, in addition to the performance of the investments over time. Pensions, on the other hand, are designed to guarantee an employee a set amount of income for life. đĄ Quick Tip: The advantage of opening a Roth IRA and a tax-deferred account like a 401(k) or traditional IRA is that by the time you retire, youâll have tax-free income from your Roth, and taxable income from the tax-deferred account. This can help with tax planning.
Pension Plan Overview
A pension plan is a type of retirement savings plan where an employer contributes funds to an investment account on behalf of their employees. The earnings are paid out to the employees once they retire.
Types of Pension Plans
There are two common types of pension plans:
⢠Defined-benefit pension plans, also known as traditional pension plans, are the most common type of pension plans. These employer-sponsored retirement investment plans are designed to guarantee the employee will receive a set benefit amount upon retirement (usually calculated with set parameters, i.e. employee earnings and years of service). Regardless of how the investment pool performs, the employer guarantees pension payments to the retired employee. If the plan assets arenât enough to pay out to the employee, the employer is typically on the hook for the rest of the money.
According to the IRS, contributions to a defined-benefit pension plan cannot exceed 100% of the employeeâs average compensation for the highest three consecutive calendar years of their employment or $265,000 for tax year 2023 and $275,000 for 2024.
⢠Defined-contribution pension plans are employer-sponsored retirement plans to which employers make plan contributions on their employeeâs behalf and the benefit the employee receives is based solely on the performance of the investment pool. Meaning: There is no guarantee of a set monthly payout.
Like 401(k) plans, employees can contribute to these plans, and in some cases, employers match the contribution made by the employee. Unlike defined-benefit pension plans, however, the employee is not guaranteed a certain amount of money upon retirement. Instead, the employee receives a payout based on the performance of the investments in the fund.
Recommended: What Is a Money Purchase Pension Plan (MPPP)?
When it comes to pension plan withdrawals, employees who take out funds before the age of 59 ½ must pay a 10% early withdrawal penalty as well as standard income taxes. This is similar to the penalties and taxes associated with early withdrawal from a traditional 401(k) plan.
Pros and Cons
There are benefits to and drawbacks of pension plans. Itâs important to understand both in order to maximize your participation in the plan.
Advantages of a pension plan include:
Funded by employers
For employees, a pension plan is retirement income from your employer. In most cases, an employee does not need to contribute to a defined-benefit pension plan in order to get consistent payouts upon retirement.
Higher contribution limits
When compared to 401(k)s, defined-contribution pension plans have significantly higher contribution limits and, as such, present an opportunity to set aside more money for retirement.
A set amount in retirement
A pension plan typically provides employees with regular fixed payments in retirement,usually for life.
Disadvantages of a pension plan include:
Lack of control
Employees canât choose how the money in a pension plan is invested. If the investments donât pan out, the plan could struggle to pay out the funds.
Vesting
Employees may need to work for the employer for a set number of years to become fully vested in the plan. If you leave the company before then, you might end up forfeiting the pension funds. Find out what the vesting schedule is for your pension plan.
Earnings and years employed
How much an employee gets in retirement with a pension plan generally depends on their salary and how long they work for the employer.
401(k) Overview
A traditional 401(k) plan is a tax-advantaged defined-contribution plan where workers contribute pre-tax dollars to the investment account via automatic payroll deductions. These contributions are sometimes fully or partially matched by their employers, and withdrawals are taxed at the participantâs marginal tax rate.
With a 401(k), employees and employers may both make contributions to the account (up to a certain IRS-established limit), but employees are responsible for selecting the specific investments. They can typically choose from offerings from the employer, which may include a mixture of stocks and bonds that vary in levels of risk depending on when they plan to retire.
Recommended: 401(a) vs 401(k): Whatâs the Difference?
Contribution Limits and Withdrawals
To account for inflation, the IRS periodically adjusts the maximum amount an employer or employee can contribute to a 401(k) plan.
⢠For 2024, annual employee contributions canât exceed $23,000 for workers under 50, and $30,500 for workers 50 and older (this includes a $7,500 catch-up contribution). The total annual contribution by employer and employee in 2024 is capped at $69,000 for workers under 50, and $76,500 for workers 50 and over.
⢠For 2023, annual employee contributions canât exceed $22,500 for workers under 50, and $30,000 for workers 50 and older (this includes a $7,500 catch-up contribution). The total annual contribution paid by employer and employee in 2023 is capped at $66,000 for workers under 50, and $73,500 for workers 50 and over.
Some plans allow employees to make additional after-tax contributions to their 401(k) plan, within the contribution limits outlined above.
⢠Money can be withdrawn from a 401(k) in retirement without penalties. But taxes will be owed on the funds withdrawn. The IRS considers the removal of 401(k) funds before the age of 59 ½ an âearly withdrawal.â The penalty for removing funds before that time is an additional tax of 10% of the withdrawal amount (there are exceptions, notably a hardship distribution, where plan participants can withdraw funds early to cover âimmediate and heavy financial needâ).
Pros and Cons
While a 401(k) plan might not offer as clearly-defined a retirement savings picture as a pension plan, it still comes with a number of upsides for participants who want a more active role in their retirement investments.
Advantages of a 401(k) include:
Self-directed investment opportunities
Unlike employer-directed pension plans, in which the employee has no say in the investment strategy, 401(k) plans offer participants more control over how much they invest and where the money goes (within parameters set by their employer). Plans typically offer a selection of investment options, including mutual funds, individual stocks and bonds, exchange traded funds (ETFs).
Tax advantages
Contributions to a 401(k) come from pre-tax dollars through payroll deductions, reducing the gross income of the participant, which may allow them to pay less in income taxes. Also, 401(k) contributions and earnings in the plan may grow tax-deferred.
Employer matching
Many 401(k) plan participants are eligible for an employer match up to a certain amount, which essentially means free money.
Disadvantages of a 401(k) include:
No guaranteed amount in retirement
How much you have in your 401(k) by retirement depends on how much you contributed to the plan, whether your employer offered matching funds, and how the investments you chose fared.
Contributions are capped
The amount you can contribute to a 401(k) annually is capped by the IRS, as described above.
Less stability
How the market performs generally affects the performance of 401(k) investments. That could make it difficult to know how much money youâll have for retirement, which could complicate retirement planning. đĄ Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.
Which Is Better, a 401(k) or a Pension Plan?
When considering a 401(k) vs. pension, most people prefer the certainty that comes with a pension plan.
But for those who seek more control over their retirement savings and more investment vehicles to choose from, a 401(k) plan could be the more advantageous option.
In the case of the 401(k), it really depends on how well the investments perform over time. Without the safety net of guaranteed income that comes with a pension plan, a poorly performing 401(k) plan has a direct effect on a retireeâs nest egg.
Did 401(k)s Replace Pension Plans?
The percentage of private sector employees whose only retirement account is a defined benefit pension plan is just 4% today, versus 60% in the early 1980s. The majority of private sector companies stopped funding traditional pension plans in the last few decades, freezing the plans and shifting to defined-contribution plans like 401(k)s.
When a pension fund isnât full enough to distribute promised payouts, the company still needs to distribute that money to plan participants. In several instances in recent decades, pension fund deficits for large enterprises like airlines and steel makers were so enormous they required government bailouts.
To avoid situations like this, many of todayâs employers have shifted the burden of retirement funding to their workers.
What Happens to a 401(k) or Pension Plan If You Leave Your Job?
With a 401(k), if you leave your job, you can take your 401(k) with you by rolling it over to your new employerâs 401(k) plan or into an IRA. The process is fairly easy to do.
If you leave your job and you have a pension plan, however, the plan generally stays with your employer. Youâll need to keep track of it through the years and then apply in retirement to begin receiving your money.
The Takeaway
Pension plans are employer-sponsored, employer-funded retirement plans that are designed to guarantee a set income to participants for life. On the other hand, 401(k) accounts are employer-sponsored retirement plans through which employees make their own investment decisions and, in some cases, receive an employer match in funds. The post-retirement payout varies depending on market fluctuations.
While pension plans are far more rare today than they were in the past, if you have worked at a company that offers one, that money will still come to you after retirement even if you change jobs, as long as you stayed with the company long enough for your benefits to vest.
Some people have both pensions and 401(k) plans, but there are also other ways to take an active role in saving for retirement. An IRA is an alternative to 401(k) and pension plans that allows anyone to open a retirement savings account. IRAs have lower contribution limits but a larger selection of investments to choose from. And itâs possible to have an IRA in addition to a 401(k) or pension plan.
Ready to invest for your retirement? Itâs easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesnât charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).
Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.
FAQ
Can you have both a 401(k) and a pension plan?
Yes. An individual can have both a pension plan and a 401(k) plan, though the two plans may not be from the same employer. If an employee leaves a company after becoming eligible for a pension and opens a 401(k) with a new employer, their previous employer will still typically maintain their pension. An employee can access the pension funds by applying for them in retirement.
How much should I put in my 401k if I have a pension?
If you have both a pension and a 401(k), itâs wise to contribute as much as you can to your 401(k) up to the annual contribution limit. While a pension can help supplement your retirement income, it may not be enough to cover all your retirement expenses, so contributing to your 401(k) can help fill the gap. One rule of thumb says to contribute at least 10% of your salary to a 401(k) if possible to help ensure that youâll have enough savings for retirement.
Photo credit: iStock/Sam Edwards
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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When you pay off your mortgage, you may have some paperwork and account switching (such as property taxes) to take care of. And you may look forward to greater cash flow.
But is paying off a mortgage always the right move? In some cases, a person who is about to pay off a mortgage may want to consider a couple of options that could make more sense for their particular financial situation.
Learn more about the payoff path and alternatives here.
Pros and Cons of Paying Off Your Mortgage
Paying off your mortgage is a fantastic milestone to reach, but itâs not without trade-offs. Here are a few considerations to help you make the best decision for your situation.
Pros of Paying Off a Mortgage
Cons of Paying Off a Mortgage
No monthly payment
May lose tax deduction
No more interest paid to the lender
Your cash is all tied up in your homeâs equity
More cash in your pocket each month
If you pay extra to pay off your home, you may miss out on investment strategies
Youâll need less income in retirement
Lost opportunity costs for other uses for your money
Greatly reduced risk of foreclosure
No tax deduction for mortgage interest, if youâre among the few who still take the deduction
đĄ Quick Tip: Thinking of using a mortgage broker? That person will try to help you save money by finding the best loan offers you are eligible for. But if you deal directly with an online mortgage lender, you wonât have to pay a mortgage brokerâs commission, which is usually based on the mortgage amount.
What Happens When You Pay Off Your Mortgage?
Hereâs how mortgage payoff works:
⢠To get the amount you need to pay off your mortgage, the first thing you need to do is request a mortgage payoff letter. If you pay the amount on your last statement, you wonât have the right amount. A mortgage payoff letter will include the appropriate fees and the amount of interest through the day youâre planning to pay the loan off.
⢠Know that the payoff letter is only good for a set amount of time, and make sure to get your payment in on time.
⢠Follow the instructions youâre given about where and how to submit the payment.
⢠Once youâve sent the payoff amount, your mortgage lender is responsible for sending you and the county recorder documentation to release the mortgage and lien on your home.
⢠You should be sent any funds remaining in escrow.
⢠You will want to contact your insurance company about this change if your insurance was paid along with your mortgage payment and have the bills switched over to you directly.
⢠If your property taxes were paid as part of your mortgage, you will want to contact your local tax collector about shifting those bills to you as well.
What Documents Do You Get After Paying Off a Mortgage?
After paying off your mortgage, you should receive (or have access to) documents proving you paid off the mortgage and no longer have a lien attached to your home. These include:
⢠Satisfaction or release of mortgage. This document will be filed with the county recorder (or other applicable recording agency). It states that the mortgage has been satisfied and the lien released.
⢠A canceled promissory note. When you closed on your home, one of the documents you signed was called a promissory note. Now that the mortgage has been satisfied, you may receive this document back with a âcanceledâ or âpaid in full,â though itâs also possible you may have to call and request the document.
⢠A statement on the paid-off loan balance. Your lender should send you a statement showing that your loan has been paid in full.
What Should You Do After Paying Off Your Mortgage?
After you pay off your mortgage, youâll need to take care of a few housekeeping items (a couple are mentioned above).
⢠Close your escrow account. Since youâre no longer sending a mortgage payment to a mortgage servicer, youâll need to take care of the items in your escrow account, primarily your taxes and homeowners insurance.
⢠Contact your county recorderâs office to double-check that the mortgage satisfaction paperwork has been filed. Once that has been filed, you will have a clear title on the property.
⢠Make plans for the extra money. Whether you want to make a bigger push in your retirement account, enlarge your emergency fund, or pay off other debts, you now likely have more cash to do it with. If you donât make plans for the extra money, it might just evaporate.
Recommended: 2024 Home Loan Help Center
Is Prepaying a Good Idea?
Generally, paying off your mortgage early is a great idea. It reduces the principal, which in turn reduces the amount youâll pay in interest over the life of your loan. Still, there are reasons that some homeowners consider not paying their mortgage off early.
Most lenders do not charge a prepayment penalty, but home loans signed before January 10, 2014, may include one. Nonconforming mortgage loans signed after that date may have a prepayment penalty that applies within the first three years of repayment. (The different types of mortgage loans include conforming and nonconforming conventional mortgages.)
The best way to find out if prepayment is subject to a penalty is to call your mortgage servicer. The terms of your mortgage paperwork should also outline whether or not you have a prepayment penalty.
Should You Refinance Instead?
Another option you may consider is refinancing your mortgage. There are several reasons you may want to refinance instead of paying off your mortgage.
Lower monthly payment. Getting a lower rate or different loan term may lower your monthly payment. Be sure to check out current rates, and use a calculator for mortgages to find out what a possible new payment would be.
Shorter mortgage term. Refinancing a 30-year mortgage to, say, a 15-year mortgage can keep you close to paying off your mortgage while also providing financial flexibility.
Spare cash. Whatever your need is â home renovations, college funding, paying off higher-interest debt â a cash-out refinance might be an option.
đĄ Quick Tip: Compared to credit cards and other unsecured loans, you can usually get a lower interest rate with a cash-out refinance loan.
The Takeaway
What happens when you pay off your mortgage? After doing a jig in the living room, youâll need to take care of a few housekeeping tasks and make plans for the extra money.
An option to consider: Would a refinance to a shorter term make more sense, or pulling cash out with a cash-out refi? It can be wise to review all your options as you move toward taking this major financial step.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Is paying off your mortgage a good idea?
The answer depends on an individualâs situation. If you have the money and youâd love to shed that monthly obligation for good, paying off a mortgage is a good idea. But if youâre worried about funding your retirement or losing opportunities to invest, paying off your mortgage may not be a good idea for you.
What do you do after you pay off your mortgage?
Ensure that you have received your canceled promissory note, and update your property tax and insurance billers on where to bill you. Since you no longer will have a mortgage servicing company, you must pay your insurance and property taxes yourself.
Is it better to pay off a mortgage before you retire?
Paying off a mortgage could give you more money to work with in retirement. But if your retirement accounts need a boost, most financial experts contend that allocating money there is a better idea than paying off your mortgage. Paying off a mortgage when you have low cash reserves can also put you at risk.
Does paying off your mortgage early affect your credit score?
Surprisingly, paying off your mortgage early wonât affect your credit score much. Your credit score has already taken into account the years of full, on-time payments you made each month.
Photo credit: iStock/katleho Seisa
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.