Millions of employees work from home at least part time. They’ve carved out dedicated office space and plopped laptops on kitchen counters and in closets. They almost never can declare the home office tax deduction.
Millions of self-employed people have also created workspaces at home. If they use that part of their home exclusively and regularly for conducting business, and the home is the principal place of business, they may be able to deduct office-related business expenses.
Why the difference? The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act nearly doubled the standard deduction and eliminated many itemized deductions, including unreimbursed employee expenses, from 2018 to 2025.
Read on to learn whether or not you may qualify for the home office tax deduction.
What Is a Home Office Tax Deduction?
The home office tax deduction is available to self-employed people — independent contractors, sole proprietors, members of a business partnership, freelancers, and gig workers who require an office — who use part of their home, owned or rented, as a place of work regularly and exclusively.
“Home” can be a house, condo, apartment, mobile home, boat, or similar property, and includes structures on the property like an unattached garage, studio, barn, or greenhouse.
Eligible taxpayers can take a simplified deduction of up to $1,500 or go the detailed route and deduct office furniture, homeowners or renters insurance, internet, utilities needed for the business, repairs, and maintenance that affect the office, home depreciation, rent, mortgage interest, and many other things from taxable income.
After all, reducing taxable income is particularly important for the highly taxed self-employed (viewed by the IRS as both employee and employer.)
An employee who also has a side gig — like driving for Uber or dog walking — can deduct certain expenses from their self-employment income if they run the business out of their home. 💡 Quick Tip: You deserve a more zen mortgage. Look for a mortgage lender who’s dedicated to closing your loan on time.
Am I Eligible for a Home Office Deduction?
People who receive a W-2 form from their employer almost never qualify.
In general, a self-employed person who receives one or more IRS 1099-NEC tax forms may take the home office tax deduction.
Both of these must apply:
• You use the business part of your home exclusively and regularly for business purposes.
• The business part of your home is your main place of business; the place where you deal with patients or customers in the normal course of your business; or a structure not attached to the home that you use in connection with your business.
Regular and Exclusive Use
You must use a portion of the home for business needs on a regular basis. The real trick is to meet the IRS standard for the exclusive use of a home office. An at-home worker may spend nine hours a day, five days a week in a home office, yet is not supposed to take the home office deduction if the space is shared with a spouse or doubles as a gym or a child’s homework spot.
There are two exceptions to the IRS exclusive-use rules for home businesses.
• Daycare providers. Individuals offering daycare from home likely qualify for the home office tax deduction. Part of the home is used as a daycare facility for children, people with physical or mental disabilities, or people who are 65 and older. (If you run a daycare, your business-use percentage must be reduced because the space is available for personal use part of the time.)
• Storage of business products. If a home-based businessperson uses a portion of the home to store inventory or product samples, it’s OK to use that area for personal use as well. The home must be the only fixed location of the business or trade.
Principal Place of Business
Part of your home may qualify as your principal place of business “if you use it for the administrative or management activities of your trade or business and have no other fixed location where you conduct substantial administrative or management activities for that trade or business,” the IRS says.
Can You Qualify for a Home Office Deduction as an Employee?
Employees may only take the deduction if they maintain a home office for the “convenience of their employer,” meaning the home office is a condition of employment, necessary for the employer’s business to function, or needed to allow the employee to perform their duties.
Because your home must be your principal place of business in order to take the home office deduction, most employees who work part-time at home won’t qualify.
Can I Run More Than One Business in the Same Space?
If you have more than one Schedule C business, you can claim the same home office space, but you’ll have to split the expenses between the businesses. You cannot deduct the home office expenses multiple times.
How to Calculate the Home Office Tax Deduction
The deduction is most commonly based on square footage or the percentage of a home used as the home office.
The Simplified Method
If your office is 300 square feet or under, Uncle Sam allows you to deduct $5 per square foot, up to 300 square feet, for a maximum $1,500 tax deduction.
The Real Expense Method
The regular method looks at the percentage of the home used for business purposes. If your home office is 480 square feet and the home has 2,400 square feet, the percentage used for the home office tax deduction is 20%.
You may deduct 20% of indirect business expenses like utilities, cellphone, cable, homeowners or renters insurance, property tax, HOA fees, and cleaning service.
Direct expenses for the home office, such as painting, furniture, office supplies, and repairs, are 100% deductible. 💡 Quick Tip: A major home purchase may mean a jumbo loan, but it doesn’t have to mean a jumbo down payment. Apply for a jumbo mortgage with SoFi, and you could put as little as 10% down.
Things to Look Out for Before Applying for the Home Office Tax Deduction
If you’re an employee with side gigs or just self-employed, it might be a good idea to consult a tax pro when filing.
To avoid raising red flags, you may want to make sure your business expenses are reasonable, accurate, and well-documented. The IRS uses both automated and manual methods of examining self-employed workers’ tax returns. And in 2020, the agency created a Fraud Enforcement Office, part of its Small Business/Self-Employed Division. Among the filers in its sights are self-employed people.
The IRS conducts audits by mail or in-person to review records. The interview may be at an IRS office or at the tax filer’s home.
A final note: Taking all the deductions you’re entitled to and being informed about the different types of taxes is smart.
If you’re self-employed, you generally must pay a Social Security and Medicare tax of 15.3% of net earnings. Wage-earners pay 7.65% of gross income into Social Security and Medicare via payroll-tax withholding, matched by the employer.
So self-employed people often feel the burn at tax time. It’s smart to look for deductions and write off those home business expenses if you’re able to.
To shelter income and invest for retirement, you might want to set up a SEP IRA if you’re a self-employed professional with no employees.
Recommended: First-Time Homebuyers Guide
The Takeaway
If you’re an employee working remotely, the home office tax deduction is not for you, right now, anyway.
If you’re self-employed, the home office deduction could be helpful at tax time. To qualify for the home office deduction, you must use a portion of your house, apartment, or condominium (or any other type of home) for your business on a regular basis, and it generally must be the principal location of your business. This is something to keep in mind if you’re in the market for a new home, since writing off a portion of your home expenses could help offset some of the costs of homeownership.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
How much can I get written off for my home office?
Using the simplified method of calculating the home office deduction, you can write off up to $1,500. Using the regular method, you’ll need to determine the percentage of your home being used for business purposes. You may then be able to deduct that percentage of certain indirect expenses (like utilities, cellphone, cable, homeowners or renters insurance, property tax, HOA fees, and cleaning services). Direct expenses for the home office, such as painting, furniture, office supplies, and repairs, are generally 100% deductible.
Can I make a claim for a home office tax deduction without receipts?
The simplified method does not require detailed records of expenses. If using the regular method, you should be prepared to defend your deduction in the event of an IRS audit.
The IRS says the law requires you to keep all records you used to prepare your tax return for at least three years from the date the return was filed.
What qualifies as a home office deduction?
Things like insurance, utilities, repairs, maintenance, equipment, and rent may qualify as tax deductions.
Photo credit: iStock/Marija Zlatkovic
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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As an entrepreneur, establishing a limited liability company (LLC) opens your business to better financing and insurance options. The move can also help you create great work relationships with other businesses for fast growth.
The success of an LLC, however, depends on the business’ credit. A strong credit history is an indicator of financial acumen and stability, which signals to lenders and investors that the LLC has a lower risk level.
That said, building credit is not easy and can take time. So, what is the fastest way to get credit for an LLC? Here are the steps to follow:
Step 1: Have a Professional Set Up
Credit bureaus need to see a strong business foundation for them to award a favorable credit rating. This calls for a professional setup that includes a business address, management team, and business email addresses. Most importantly, an LLC needs a website to ensure visibility.
Step 2: Establish the Company Legally
For a business to operate as an LLC, it needs to be recognized as such. The required documentation includes federal and state business licenses and articles of organization.
To ensure federal tax compliance, an LLC must also obtain an employer identification number (EIN). This is the identity that the company uses when applying for funding and permits, filing tax returns, and opening banking accounts.
Step 3: Get a D-U-N-S Number
Applying for a Dun & Bradstreet Data Universal Numbering System number is another important factor when looking to get credit fast. This is a unique identifier that allows other businesses access to a company’s credit.
It is worth noting that a DUNS number is not a government requirement. However, the identifier makes it easy for suppliers, potential partners, and lenders to easily uncover both positive and negative credit information.
Step 4: Get a Business Bank Account
An LLC needs to be separated from the owner’s bank accounts and expenses. With a company bank account, the LLC can operate as an independent entity when building credit.
For example, when applying for a business credit card, the bank account becomes the primary point of transactional references. Additionally, the account serves as the bank reference for data that lenders need to review when considering loan terms and credit limits.
Step 5: Work With Businesses that Report to Credit Bureaus
LLC credit scores are set by credit bureaus which rely on reported payments. So, to ensure that your business credit benefits from all transactions, only work with lenders, suppliers, vendors, and other businesses that report to the credit bureaus.
Step 6: Establish Accounts-payable Relationships
A major factor in building credit is demonstrating that you can handle debt repayment. To this end, work with businesses that extend trade credit. In this model, you receive inventory, sell, and pay at a later date.
Known as accounts-payable, this type of relationship can be overly beneficial, especially for a startup. There is one caveat: the vendors have to report to the credit bureaus. If not, then you can include them in your LLC’s trade references to allow data collection by interested parties.
Step 7: Settle Debts on Time
Whether you are looking to build personal or business credit, unpaid and late payments are bound to have a negative impact on your creditworthiness. To avoid the impact, ensure that your payment history is clean.
Pay debts on time or even before the due date where possible. Early payments can especially improve the PAYDEX Score, a business credit rating that is concerned with how well you pay other businesses.
Step 8: Monitor Your Company Credit Reports
The major reporting bureaus for business credit scores are Dun & Bradstreet, Equifax, and Experian. For a holistic understanding of your rating and the factors that may be weakening it, you need to monitor reports from the three bureaus.
Look for outdated information, errors, and any inconsistencies across the reports. Ensure that the correct changes are made by the bureaus and go a step further by querying major issues with the reporting vendor or lender.
The Bottom Line
Building a stellar business credit for your LLC is not an easy undertaking. The process requires planning, sometimes before registering a company. Additionally, you may need to work with credit builders to help you navigate the above steps. What’s more, your personal credit needs to be excellent to ensure that your finances don’t take a hit if those of your company waver.
Average mortgage rates edged higher yesterday. Although the change was negligible, it was enough to return them to their recent high, first reached last Thursday. However, they’re still way lower than the near-8% levels seen as recently as last October.
Earlier this morning, markets were signaling that mortgage rates today might barely move. However, these early mini-trends often switch direction or speed as the hours pass.
Current mortgage and refinance rates
Find your lowest rate. Start here
Program
Mortgage Rate
APR*
Change
Conventional 30-year fixed
7.36%
7.37%
+0.01
Conventional 15-year fixed
6.76%
6.79%
Unchanged
Conventional 20-year fixed
7.06%
7.09%
Unchanged
Conventional 10-year fixed
6.65%
6.68%
-0.01
30-year fixed FHA
6.42%
7.11%
+0.03
30-year fixed VA
6.71%
6.83%
-0.01
5/1 ARM Conventional
6.18%
7.32%
-0.01
Rates are provided by our partner network, and may not reflect the market. Your rate might be different. Click here for a personalized rate quote. See our rate assumptions See our rate assumptions here.
Should you lock your mortgage rate today?
Many investors now expect the Federal Reserve to implement its first cut in general interest rates in June. And to make only three modest cuts during 2024.
That’s very different from their expectations at the start of this year. Then, they thought the first cut would be in March followed by five more before Dec. 31.
It’s this shift in expectations, from the optimistic to the realistic, that largely explains why mortgage rates have been moving higher in recent weeks. And it’s my top reason for now thinking that mortgage rates probably won’t begin to trend consistently lower until well into the second (April-June) quarter.
So, for now, my personal rate lock recommendations are:
LOCK if closing in 7 days
LOCK if closing in 15 days
LOCK if closing in 30 days
LOCK if closing in 45 days
LOCKif closing in 60days
However, with so much uncertainty at the moment, your instincts could easily turn out to be as good as mine — or better. So, let your gut and your own tolerance for risk help guide you.
>Related: 7 Tips to get the best refinance rate
Market data affecting today’s mortgage rates
Here’s a snapshot of the state of play this morning at about 9:50 a.m. (ET). The data are mostly compared with roughly the same time the business day before, so much of the movement will often have happened in the previous session. The numbers are:
The yield on 10-year Treasury notes held steady 4.30%. (Neutral for mortgage rates.) More than any other market, mortgage rates typically tend to follow these particular Treasury bond yields
Major stock indexes were falling this morning. (Good for mortgage rates.) When investors buy shares, they’re often selling bonds, which pushes those prices down and increases yields and mortgage rates. The opposite may happen when indexes are lower. But this is an imperfect relationship
Oil prices climbed to $79.34 from $78.19 a barrel. (Bad for mortgage rates*.) Energy prices play a prominent role in creating inflation and also point to future economic activity
Goldprices inched down to $2,042 from $2,044 an ounce. (Neutral for mortgage rates*.) It is generally better for rates when gold prices rise and worse when they fall. Gold tends to rise when investors worry about the economy.
CNN Business Fear & Greed index — increased to 79 from 76 out of 100. (Bad for mortgage rates.) “Greedy” investors push bond prices down (and interest rates up) as they leave the bond market and move into stocks, while “fearful” investors do the opposite. So lower readings are often better than higher ones
*A movement of less than $20 on gold prices or 40 cents on oil ones is a change of 1% or less. So we only count meaningful differences as good or bad for mortgage rates.
Caveats about markets and rates
Before the pandemic, post-pandemic upheavals, and war in Ukraine, you could look at the above figures and make a pretty good guess about what would happen to mortgage rates that day. But that’s no longer the case. We still make daily calls. And are usually right. But our record for accuracy won’t achieve its former high levels until things settle down.
So, use markets only as a rough guide. Because they have to be exceptionally strong or weak to rely on them. But, with that caveat, mortgage rates today look likely to hold steady or close to steady. However, be aware that “intraday swings” (when rates change speed or direction during the day) are a common feature right now.
Find your lowest rate. Start here
What’s driving mortgage rates today?
Today
This morning brought the second reading (of three) of gross domestic product (GDP) during the fourth quarter of last year. And it will likely hardly affect mortgage rates.
Today’s figure showed growth that quarter at 3.2%. Markets had been expecting it to be unchanged from its first reading at 3.3%. And they’d already priced that figure into mortgage rates.
Ten-year Treasury notes edged lower on the news. But mortgage rates didn’t immediately follow, and the difference between the actual figure and market expectations may not be enough to change them.
Tomorrow
We’re due January’s personal consumption expenditures (PCE) price index tomorrow. This is the Federal Reserve’s favorite gauge of inflation. So it certainly has the potential to move markets and mortgage rates, not least because it could influence decisions about the timing and scope of the Fed’s future cuts in general interest rates.
Tomorrow brings four key figures: two for the all-items PCE price index and two for the “core” PCE price index. The core figure is the all-items one after volatile food and energy prices have been stripped out, something that supposedly reveals underlying inflation. The Fed focuses on core figures.
There are two figures for each of these indexes. The first shows how prices moved in the month of January. And the second is the year-over-year (YOY) number, which shows how the same prices moved between Feb. 1, 2023 and Jan. 31, 2024.
Tomorrow’s inflation and other data
Here are what markets are expecting tomorrow (with December’s actual figures in brackets):
January all-items PCE price index — 0.3% (0.2 % in December)
January core PCE price index —0.4% (0.2% in December)
YOY all-items PCE price index — 2.4% (2.6 % in December)
YOY core PCE price index —2.8% (2.8% in December)
You can see that markets are expecting a small increase in most of these measures of inflation. And, because they’re expecting them, they’ll have already priced those into mortgage rates. So, if the figures come in as forecast, mortgage rates might barely move.
However, higher-than-expected figures could push those rates upward. Conversely, lower-than-expected ones could drag them downward.
Other economic reports due tomorrow rarely move mortgage rates far or for long, especially when they’re overshadowed by a major report like the PCE price index.
Ten senior Fed officials have speaking engagements tomorrow and on Friday, all after tomorrow’s report. And those could change mortgage rates if enough of them say things that cheer up or depress investors. But we can only wait to hear their remarks.
Don’t forget you can always learn more about what’s driving mortgage rates in the most recent weekend edition of this daily report. These provide a more detailed analysis of what’s happening. They are published each Saturday morning soon after 10 a.m. (ET) and include a preview of the following week.
Recent trends
According to Freddie Mac’s archives, the weekly all-time lowest rate for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages was set on Jan. 7, 2021, when it stood at 2.65%. The weekly all-time high was 18.63% on Sep. 10, 1981.
Freddie’s Feb. 22 report put that same weekly average at 6.90% up from the previous week’s 6.77%. But note that Freddie’s data are almost always out of date by the time it announces its weekly figures.
Expert forecasts for mortgage rates
Looking further ahead, Fannie Mae and the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) each has a team of economists dedicated to monitoring and forecasting what will happen to the economy, the housing sector and mortgage rates.
And here are their rate forecasts for the four quarters of 2024 (Q1/24, Q2/24 Q3/24 and Q4/24).
The numbers in the table below are for 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages. Fannie’s were updated on Feb. 12 and the MBA’s on Feb. 20.
Forecaster
Q1/24
Q2/24
Q3/24
Q4/24
Fannie Mae
6.5%
6.3%
6.1%
5.9%
MBA
6.9%
6.6%
6.3%
6.1%
Of course, given so many unknowables, both these forecasts might be even more speculative than usual. And their past record for accuracy hasn’t been wildly impressive.
Important notes on today’s mortgage rates
Here are some things you need to know:
Typically, mortgage rates go up when the economy’s doing well and down when it’s in trouble. But there are exceptions. Read ‘How mortgage rates are determined and why you should care’
Only “top-tier” borrowers (with stellar credit scores, big down payments, and very healthy finances) get the ultralow mortgage rates you’ll see advertised
Lenders vary. Yours may or may not follow the crowd when it comes to daily rate movements — though they all usually follow the broader trend over time
When daily rate changes are small, some lenders will adjust closing costs and leave their rate cards the same
Refinance rates are typically close to those for purchases.
A lot is going on at the moment. And nobody can claim to know with certainty what will happen to mortgage rates in the coming hours, days, weeks or months.
Find your lowest mortgage rate today
You should comparison shop widely, no matter what sort of mortgage you want. Federal regulator the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found in May 2023:
“Mortgage borrowers are paying around $100 a month more depending on which lender they choose, for the same type of loan and the same consumer characteristics (such as credit score and down payment).”
In other words, over the lifetime of a 30-year loan, homebuyers who don’t bother to get quotes from multiple lenders risk losing an average of $36,000. What could you do with that sort of money?
Verify your new rate
Mortgage rate methodology
The Mortgage Reports receives rates based on selected criteria from multiple lending partners each day. We arrive at an average rate and APR for each loan type to display in our chart. Because we average an array of rates, it gives you a better idea of what you might find in the marketplace. Furthermore, we average rates for the same loan types. For example, FHA fixed with FHA fixed. The end result is a good snapshot of daily rates and how they change over time.
How your mortgage interest rate is determined
Mortgage and refinance rates vary a lot depending on each borrower’s unique situation.
Factors that determine your mortgage interest rate include:
Overall strength of the economy — A strong economy usually means higher rates, while a weaker one can push current mortgage rates down to promote borrowing
Lender capacity — When a lender is very busy, it will increase rates to deter new business and give its loan officers some breathing room
Property type (condo, single-family, town house, etc.) — A primary residence, meaning a home you plan to live in full time, will have a lower interest rate. Investment properties, second homes, and vacation homes have higher mortgage rates
Loan-to-value ratio (determined by your down payment) — Your loan-to-value ratio (LTV) compares your loan amount to the value of the home. A lower LTV, meaning a bigger down payment, gets you a lower mortgage rate
Debt-To-Income ratio — This number compares your total monthly debts to your pretax income. The more debt you currently have, the less room you’ll have in your budget for a mortgage payment
Loan term — Loans with a shorter term (like a 15-year mortgage) typically have lower rates than a 30-year loan term
Borrower’s credit score — Typically the higher your credit score is, the lower your mortgage rate, and vice versa
Mortgage discount points — Borrowers have the option to buy discount points or ‘mortgage points’ at closing. These let you pay money upfront to lower your interest rate
Remember, every mortgage lender weighs these factors a little differently.
To find the best rate for your situation, you’ll want to get personalized estimates from a few different lenders.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Are refinance rates the same as mortgage rates?
Rates for a home purchase and mortgage refinance are often similar.
However, some lenders will charge more for a refinance under certain circumstances.
Typically when rates fall, homeowners rush to refinance. They see an opportunity to lock in a lower rate and payment for the rest of their loan.
This creates a tidal wave of new work for mortgage lenders.
Unfortunately, some lenders don’t have the capacity or crew to process a large number of refinance loan applications.
In this case, a lender might raise its rates to deter new business and give loan officers time to process loans currently in the pipeline.
Also, cashing out equity can result in a higher rate when refinancing.
Cash-out refinances pose a greater risk for mortgage lenders, so they’re often priced higher than new home purchases and rate-term refinances.
Check your refinance rates today. Start here
How to get the lowest mortgage or refinance rate
Since rates can vary, always shop around when buying a house or refinancing a mortgage.
Comparison shopping can potentially save thousands, even tens of thousands of dollars over the life of your loan.
Here are a few tips to keep in mind:
1. Get multiple quotes
Many borrowers make the mistake of accepting the first mortgage or refinance offer they receive.
Some simply go with the bank they use for checking and savings since that can seem easiest.
However, your bank might not offer the best mortgage deal for you. And if you’re refinancing, your financial situation may have changed enough that your current lender is no longer your best bet.
So get multiple quotes from at least three different lenders to find the right one for you.
2. Compare Loan Estimates
When shopping for a mortgage or refinance, lenders will provide a Loan Estimate that breaks down important costs associated with the loan.
You’ll want to read these Loan Estimates carefully and compare costs and fees line-by-line, including:
Interest rate
Annual percentage rate (APR)
Monthly mortgage payment
Loan origination fees
Rate lock fees
Closing costs
Remember, the lowest interest rate isn’t always the best deal.
Annual percentage rate (APR) can help you compare the ‘real’ cost of two loans. It estimates your total yearly cost including interest and fees.
Also, pay close attention to your closing costs.
Some lenders may bring their rates down by charging more upfront via discount points. These can add thousands to your out-of-pocket costs.
3. Negotiate your mortgage rate
You can also negotiate your mortgage rate to get a better deal.
Let’s say you get loan estimates from two lenders. Lender A offers the better rate, but you prefer your loan terms from Lender B. Talk to Lender B and see if they can beat the former’s pricing.
You might be surprised to find that a lender is willing to give you a lower interest rate in order to keep your business.
And if they’re not, keep shopping — there’s a good chance someone will.
Fixed-rate mortgage vs. adjustable-rate mortgage: Which is right for you?
Mortgage borrowers can choose between a fixed-rate mortgage and an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
Fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) have interest rates that never change unless you decide to refinance. This results in predictable monthly payments and stability over the life of your loan.
Adjustable-rate loans have a low interest rate that’s fixed for a set number of years (typically five or seven). After the initial fixed-rate period, the interest rate adjusts every year based on market conditions.
With each rate adjustment, a borrower’s mortgage rate can either increase, decrease, or stay the same. These loans are unpredictable since monthly payments can change each year.
Adjustable-rate mortgages are fitting for borrowers who expect to move before their first rate adjustment, or who can afford a higher future payment.
In most other cases, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically the safer and better choice.
Remember, if rates drop sharply, you are free to refinance and lock in a lower rate and payment later on.
How your credit score affects your mortgage rate
You don’t need a high credit score to qualify for a home purchase or refinance, but your credit score will affect your rate.
This is because credit history determines risk level.
Historically speaking, borrowers with higher credit scores are less likely to default on their mortgages, so they qualify for lower rates.
For the best rate, aim for a credit score of 720 or higher.
Mortgage programs that don’t require a high score include:
Conventional home loans — minimum 620 credit score
FHA loans — minimum 500 credit score (with a 10% down payment) or 580 (with a 3.5% down payment)
VA loans — no minimum credit score, but 620 is common
USDA loans — minimum 640 credit score
Ideally, you want to check your credit report and score at least 6 months before applying for a mortgage. This gives you time to sort out any errors and make sure your score is as high as possible.
If you’re ready to apply now, it’s still worth checking so you have a good idea of what loan programs you might qualify for and how your score will affect your rate.
You can get your credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com and your score from MyFico.com.
How big of a down payment do I need?
Nowadays, mortgage programs don’t require the conventional 20 percent down.
In fact, first-time home buyers put only 6 percent down on average.
Down payment minimums vary depending on the loan program. For example:
Conventional home loans require a down payment between 3% and 5%
FHA loans require 3.5% down
VA and USDA loans allow zero down payment
Jumbo loans typically require at least 5% to 10% down
Keep in mind, a higher down payment reduces your risk as a borrower and helps you negotiate a better mortgage rate.
If you are able to make a 20 percent down payment, you can avoid paying for mortgage insurance.
This is an added cost paid by the borrower, which protects their lender in case of default or foreclosure.
But a big down payment is not required.
For many people, it makes sense to make a smaller down payment in order to buy a house sooner and start building home equity.
Verify your new rate. Start here
Choosing the right type of home loan
No two mortgage loans are alike, so it’s important to know your options and choose the right type of mortgage.
The five main types of mortgages include:
Fixed-rate mortgage (FRM)
Your interest rate remains the same over the life of the loan. This is a good option for borrowers who expect to live in their homes long-term.
The most popular loan option is the 30-year mortgage, but 15- and 20-year terms are also commonly available.
Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
Adjustable-rate loans have a fixed interest rate for the first few years. Then, your mortgage rate resets every year.
Your rate and payment can rise or fall annually depending on how the broader interest rate trends.
ARMs are ideal for borrowers who expect to move prior to their first rate adjustment (usually in 5 or 7 years).
For those who plan to stay in their home long-term, a fixed-rate mortgage is typically recommended.
Jumbo mortgage
A jumbo loan is a mortgage that exceeds the conforming loan limit set by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
In 2023, the conforming loan limit is $726,200 in most areas.
Jumbo loans are perfect for borrowers who need a larger loan to purchase a high-priced property, especially in big cities with high real estate values.
FHA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Federal Housing Administration for low- to moderate-income borrowers. FHA loans feature low credit score and down payment requirements.
VA mortgage
A government loan backed by the Department of Veterans Affairs. To be eligible, you must be active-duty military, a veteran, a Reservist or National Guard service member, or an eligible spouse.
VA loans allow no down payment and have exceptionally low mortgage rates.
USDA mortgage
USDA loans are a government program backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. They offer a no-down-payment solution for borrowers who purchase real estate in an eligible rural area. To qualify, your income must be at or below the local median.
Bank statement loan
Borrowers can qualify for a mortgage without tax returns, using their personal or business bank account. This is an option for self-employed or seasonally-employed borrowers.
Portfolio/Non-QM loan
These are mortgages that lenders don’t sell on the secondary mortgage market. This gives lenders the flexibility to set their own guidelines.
Non-QM loans may have lower credit score requirements, or offer low-down-payment options without mortgage insurance.
Choosing the right mortgage lender
The lender or loan program that’s right for one person might not be right for another.
Explore your options and then pick a loan based on your credit score, down payment, and financial goals, as well as local home prices.
Whether you’re getting a mortgage for a home purchase or a refinance, always shop around and compare rates and terms.
Typically, it only takes a few hours to get quotes from multiple lenders — and it could save you thousands in the long run.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
Current mortgage rates methodology
We receive current mortgage rates each day from a network of mortgage lenders that offer home purchase and refinance loans. Mortgage rates shown here are based on sample borrower profiles that vary by loan type. See our full loan assumptions here.
I have partnered with WizeFi on this WizeFi Review. All opinions are 100% my own. I am excited to tell you about a new money tool that I recently started using. Are you looking for a money management tool that will help you budget, save hundreds of dollars each month, and accelerate your path to…
I have partnered with WizeFi on this WizeFi Review. All opinions are 100% my own.
I am excited to tell you about a new money tool that I recently started using.
Are you looking for a money management tool that will help you budget, save hundreds of dollars each month, and accelerate your path to financial independence?
If so, then I recommend checking out WizeFi. This money management software can be used from your phone or computer, and will give you all the tools that you need to take control of your finances.
Understanding money can be tricky, especially when you’re working towards long-term financial freedom. WizeFi helps you optimize your money to reduce waste and put your money where it’s most effective at accelerating financial freedom. It’s made for people who are serious about financial freedom.
Please click here to try out WizeFi for free for 30 days.
WizeFi right now is hosting a free 30-Day Financial Independence Challenge so that you can have a clear plan for reaching financial independence and retirement. You can sign up for WizeFi and the free 30-Day FI Challenge by clicking here.
WizeFi Review
Below is my WizeFi review. I will be talking about why it was started, the different ways this tool can help you, the cost, and answer some common questions.
What is WizeFi?
WizeFi is a helpful money tool for your computer or phone that helps you reach financial freedom. It’s like having your own money coach, helping you to make better decisions with your finances.
Here’s what WizeFi does:
WizeFi helps you manage and eliminate debt, quickly! WizeFi will sort your debt in an efficient pay-off order to save you money and pay off your debt quickly. Plus, the 30-day challenge will give you tips to accelerate your debt freedom journey.
WizeFi tells you your financial independence date. Learn where you’re headed now if you change nothing with your finances, and then learn what you can do to reach retirement sooner.
WizeFi finds hidden spending habits that might be getting in the way of your financial goals. For example, it will help you find out about everyday habits that you didn’t know could postpone your retirement by 5 years.
WizeFi makes plans just for you, not using generic templates that fit everyone.
WizeFi helps you make smart choices by providing the ability to create “what if” scenarios, which it calls “drafts” to test financial choices before you actually make them. This can help avoid costly mistakes like major purchases that could delay your financial freedom date by years. Or, discover opportunities for applying bonus money (like tax returns) where they can have the biggest impact on your financial goals.
WizeFi keeps an eye on your progress and motivates you by showing visible results. For example, understanding how little changes can change your future net worth.
WizeFi makes money less confusing and boosts confidence, reducing the stress about finances.
WizeFi helps you learn money skills, making you less reliant on others and more confident in managing your own finances.
As soon as you start using WizeFi, you’ll notice it’s not just about tracking expenses. The software is built around the concept of empowering you to develop money habits that could potentially halve the time it takes to reach your financial goals, such as early retirement or financial independence.
I’ve signed up for WizeFi, and I really like how easy the platform is to use. There are no ads and they aren’t trying to sell anything else that is extra, so you don’t have anything else cluttering this tool when you are trying to use it. It is straight to the point.
Why WizeFi was started
WizeFi was started in 2017 by Sean Allen, a financial expert and 30-year veteran of the financial industry. He was noticing that clients were failing with their finances, even though they were making enough money for early retirement.
He learned that there were two main causes of this:
A lack of money skills and
Not understanding the future impact of current choices (such as spending).
He then realized that there was a need for a change in the way that people approach money management so that they can pay off their debt and reach financial independence.
To find a solution to these challenges, he created WizeFi, starting as a program and later becoming an app. It focuses on making the most of every dollar you earn. WizeFi is all about helping you manage and eliminate debts and expenses that don’t benefit you financially.
The app aims to reach millions with its easy (yet effective) approach, speeding up the path to financial independence and giving people the ability to create a lasting system for building wealth.
How WizeFi Is Helpful
If you’re finding it hard to figure out why your money goals feel distant, WizeFi is the tool that can show you the patterns and choices that might be causing the challenge. Instead of being confused by a bunch of numbers, you’ll be able to see exactly where your money goes each month.
WizeFi helps you create a budget that fits your personal financial situation, and your financial plan is customized to you, making it more likely that you’ll stick to it and see real results.
Here are some ways that WizeFi can help you:
Discover your financial independence date. Learn where you’re headed now if you change nothing with your finances, and then learn what you can do to accelerate your FI date.
Find leaks in your spending habits: WizeFi will show you your spending all month long and compare it to your planned spending. This can be very eye-opening and help you discover spending habits you can change
Develop wealth-building habits: Speaking of habits, WizeFi is all about helping you develop money skills that lead to healthy financial habits. For example, when you subscribe, WizeFi starts you off with a 30-day challenge that can help replace bad habits with good habits. Try it for yourself.
WizeFi helps with three main money skills: Money Organizing, Money Planning, and Money Monitoring.
Money Organizing
WizeFi will sync with your financial accounts and organize your money into categories, and then it will provide a guideline spending amount for each category. See how your spending compares to the guideline.
Money Planning
WizeFi goes beyond just organizing your money; it also gives you a guideline so that you can know how to best use your money. It makes a personalized plan that matches your specific goals and financial situation, encouraging a proactive approach to your financial future.
WizeFi includes a process where you can go through each area of your finances and you can see how cutting back on certain expenses can increase money to be used towards accelerating your financial independence.
So, I could see how cutting back on dining out would give me more “financial independence dollars (FID) which WizeFi will then show me the best place to put those dollars in the 4-step plan. I can use WizeFi to plan the perfect budget that frees up FI-dollars.
Then, I can use WizeFi to determine the best use of those dollars—pay off debt, add to 401(k), or pay off a mortgage early – no more guessing. WizeFi will reveal which choices accelerate financial freedom and which delay it.
Money Monitoring
WizeFi allows you to monitor your money, such as your budget, spending, income, debt payoff progress, and net worth. Knowing these numbers and being able to monitor them can help motivate you to make changes for the better.
Money monitoring is known to help people think differently about their money. It keeps people constantly aware of where their money is going compared to where it should be going.
WizeFi provides monthly reporting to monitor your financial trends like is your net worth growing and your debt shrinking, and is your budget balanced like you want it to be.
WizeFi also provides real-time monitoring with progress meters so you can watch your money every day to make sure you stay on track. Both of these are key to empowering you to be a great manager of your money without having to become a financial analyst. WizeFI keeps it simple.
How To Get Started With WizeFi
WizeFi allows you to better manage your finances from both a computer/laptop and from your phone. They also have a 30-day email challenge that teaches you how to save money, make money, and develop money skills.
As you check out what WizeFi can do, you’ll see it provides various tools to improve how you handle money. With easy-to-use features and a clear plan, WizeFi is designed to guide you toward financial freedom in a better and more effective way.
Here’s how you can get started:
Sign up for the 30-day free trial of WizeFi and get enrolled in the 30-day challenge
Enter your goals, such as your emergency fund target, general savings target, and your desired monthly income at retirement.
Enter your salary (net monthly income after taxes), any side hustle income, investing income, and more.
Enter and connect your financial accounts, such as bank, car loan, mortgage, retirement accounts, and more.
After you enter the information above, you will see your financial freedom projections. This will show you the exact date that WizeFi thinks you will be able to retire if you continue the way that you are with your financial situation. You will also see WizeFi’s built-in wealth potential guideline and the exact date you will be debt-free.
WizeFi 30-Day Financial Independence Challenge
As you noticed above, I think the best way to get started with WizeFi is to sign up and take their 30-Day Financial Independence Challenge.
WizeFi just launched this challenge and it’s a free, daily guide filled with steps to help you grow your money smarts and sprint toward financial independence faster than you might think possible. You’ll receive an email every day with new actions to take that can refine your spending and saving habits.
Here are a few highlights of the challenge:
Reduce expenses – You’ll see how small changes in daily spending can create big savings over time. You’ll actually learn 200 different strategies to stop wasting money!
Debt mastery – Get tips on handling debts that stand in your way.
Build wealth – Learn about strategies that can increase your income.
On Day 1, you start crafting your very own FI plan. This sets the foundation. By Day 2, you’re diving into ways to spend less on food, and by Day 3, it’s all about saving on transportation. Throughout the challenge, you’ll learn to cut costs across many different spending categories without sacrificing the fun in your life.
Day 9 shows you powerful wealth-building strategies. As you approach Day 17, you’ll see the five stages of financial independence.
Jumping into Day 20, get creative with 50 side hustle ideas to boost your income. Later on, Day 26 focuses on investing tactics designed to speed you along to FI.
This is a free challenge that is sent straight to your email. I am signed up for this challenge and it is full of actionable tips that are actually helpful (and not just fluff or generic tips).
You can sign up for the free 30-Day FI Challenge by clicking here.
WizeFi Cost
So, after reading all of the above, you’re probably wondering “How much does WizeFi cost?”
Free trial
You get to use WizeFi risk-free for the first 30 days. During this period, you have complete access to all features, and you can cancel anytime if you decide it’s not for you.
Monthly cost
The service is available for $8.99 per month. This subscription is designed to pay off by helping you potentially grow your net worth by tens of thousands (or even hundreds of thousands of dollars) and put you on a faster track to financial independence.
Why isn’t there a free plan?
WizeFi is dedicated to providing a complete set of money tools and tailored advice for your financial growth. Unlike some free tools that might restrict your potential, your paid subscription makes sure that the services are high-quality.
Plus, WizeFi stays focused on your financial well-being, avoiding promotions of external products that might conflict with your financial goals. This is something that I really like about WizeFi – they aren’t trying to sell you anything else – you are getting a helpful money tool without any ads.
WizeFi Security – Is WizeFi Safe?
When thinking about using WizeFi for managing your finances, security is important.
WizeFi makes sure that your information is safe with protective measures similar to those used by banks.
In a digital world where safety is important, you can relax knowing that WizeFi doesn’t keep your account numbers or personal details within their app. What you see are the important elements—your budget and balances. It’s like having a clear view of your financial landscape without any doors open to the private account information you don’t want to share, like account numbers or other personal information, making the platform safer for you.
Think of WizeFi as a one-way mirror. You have the full picture of your finances at a glance, yet there’s no path for anyone to reach in and move things around.
Frequently Asked Questions
When thinking about using a financial planning tool like WizeFi, you probably have questions about what it offers and whether it’s the right fit for you. Here are some of the common questions answered to help you decide.
Can I try out WizeFi for free?
Yes, you can start with WizeFi for free. They have a 30-day trial period for you to explore the full range of features before you commit to a subscription.
Please click here to try out WizeFi for free for 30 days.
How can WizeFi help me reach early retirement sooner?
WizeFi is designed to guide you in creating a personalized financial plan. By helping you customize the right budget plan, and track your spending against that plan, you’ll easily identify unnecessary expenses you can cut, which can help you better manage debt and increase your savings rate, which can help you reach your financial goals faster.
Is WizeFi worth using?
Yes, WizeFi is worth it if you’re serious about taking control of your finances and reaching financial independence or early retirement.
Does WizeFi have an affiliate program?
Yes, WizeFi has an affiliate program where you can earn 20% of the monthly subscription (so 20% of $8.99). Their hope is that people will use WizeFi for a month and dial in their own personal finances (craft a new plan that makes them feel empowered to manage their money for financial freedom). Then, they’ll share what they’ve learned with their audience.
WizeFi Review – Summary
I hope you enjoyed my WizeFi review.
If you are committed to improving your personal finances and want to reach early retirement or financial independence, I think that WizeFi is great to sign up for.
WizeFi stands out from other money tools because they focus on developing money skills, and not just giving you information, because the WizeFi team knows that money skills can make a difference for a lifetime. Plus, there are no ads and they don’t sell your information.
Their goal is to empower a person to master their money, speed up financial independence, and live their best, most meaningful life.
If that is you, then this is the money tool that I recommend checking out.
Please click here to try out WizeFi for free for 30 days.
It’s possible to get approved for a home loan as a self-employed borrower, but you often have to take a few extra steps to prove your creditworthiness.
To boost your chances, consider non-conforming loans and/or non-qualifying mortgage lenders or mortgage brokers who specialize in the self-employed.
Other strategies include making a larger down payment, raising your credit score and lowering your debts.
If you run your own business — or are a gig worker, freelancer or independent contractor — financing a home could prove challenging. The reason? One of the first things lenders look for is a steady, verifiable income stream. Without a regular paycheck or W-2 statement, it can be harder to prove how much you make, and how reliably you make it. That’s why most lenders have stricter rules for self-employed borrowers.
Just because you work for yourself doesn’t mean you’re guaranteed to have a hard time getting a mortgage, however. If you supply the right documentation to verify your income, do your homework and know what to expect, you can get approved for a loan.
Can you qualify for a mortgage while self-employed?
Yes, it is possible to qualify for a mortgage while self-employed. However, in some cases, you may need to put in a little extra work.
It’s a common misconception that it’s always more difficult for self-employed applicants to get a loan than regular salaried or hourly workers with a W-2 from their employer, says Paul Buege, president and CEO of Inlanta Mortgage in Pewaukee, Wisconsin.
“In all cases,” says Buege, “the basic criteria to get approved are the same: You need to have a good credit history, sufficient liquid available assets and a history of stable employment.”
Challenges can crop up, however, if you’ve only been working for yourself for a short time or make less money than lenders prefer — even if it’s just on paper. “Self-employed individuals often take full advantage of the legal tax deductions and write-offs that are allowed by the IRS; unfortunately, this means that they often show a low net income — or even a loss — on their tax returns,” says Eric Jeanette, president of Dream Home Financing and FHA Lenders, based in Adelphia, New Jersey. “That can make it tougher to qualify for a mortgage.”
Complicating matters is that the rules for self-employed applicants can vary depending on the lender or loan type.
“This makes the process confusing, especially if you are shopping around and applying with multiple lenders,” says Anna DeSimone, a New York City-based personal finance expert and author of “Housing Finance 2020.” Often, “it lengthens the time you may have to spend trying to get approved for a loan.”
How to get a mortgage when you’re self-employed in 5 steps
If you’re self-employed, the loan approval process will be somewhat similar to that of a W-2 salaried applicant: You’ll need to provide certain documentation to verify your employment income and prove to the lender that you’re a creditworthy fit for a mortgage in general and a certain sum.
1. Determine if you’re classified as self-employed
If you own a business or have one partner, you will be considered self-employed. “A loan qualification is based on your taxable income shown on your personal 1040 federal tax returns,” says DeSimone. If earned income is verified by 1099 forms, rather than W2s, you’re likely to be considered a freelancer rather than a salaried worker bee.
The same goes if your return includes Schedule C, which is used “to report income or loss from a business you operated or a profession you practiced as a sole proprietor, to quote the IRS. “Mortgage applicants with a 25 percent or greater share in a business or partnership are considered self-employed,” says DeSimone.
Here are other factors that qualify you as self-employed:
You run a business as a sole proprietor or independent contractor
You are part of a partnership that runs a trade or a business
You are a gig worker or run a part-time business that accounts for most of your income
Even when you have a second, part-time job with a W2, a lender will likely place more weight on your own gig — if it’s your primary income source.
2. Prepare a pitch that explains your business
Depending on the nature of your work, your problem may not be so much the amount of your income as the reliability of it. While you’re not required to submit a full business plan, it may behoove you to prepare some documents that show the health of your industry and explain why your services are (and are likely to stay) in demand. Supply reports or tax returns that prove revenue growth and provide links to a professional website that helps an underwriter understand you’re serious and successful in your field.
If you have any contracts or written agreements indicating that you’re on retainer or guaranteed compensation for a period, include those. These details may convince a lender that you can make those monthly mortgage payments.
Providing the lender with any of the below items can help show your job is secure:
Data showing the health of the industry and demand for your services
A description of your experience in the business, including any certifications
Tax returns from previous years, especially if they show growth in revenue over time
Explanations of any revenue gaps
Your professional website
A business plan, if you have one
Description of the services you provide
Ongoing contracts you have with clients
Anything else that shows your income is likely to continue
3. Gather necessary documents to show lenders
Your lender will need to see proof of income, just like they would for a salaried employee. It’s just that you may have to jump through more hoops to provide that proof. “Since self-employed people have non-traditional income structures, they may be required to show additional income documents when applying for the mortgage,” says Alan Rosenbaum, founder and CEO of GuardHill Financial Corp. in New York City.
The sort of documents you might need include:
Employment verification
A copy of your business license
Proof of business insurance (if applicable)
Articles of incorporation, LLC or partnership (if applicable)
State or federal permits
Any other documents that prove when you began operating
Income documentation
Two years of federal income tax returns (personal and business)
Recent business bank statements and profit-and-loss reports (aka income statements)
An itemized list of unpaid accounts receivable
4. Shop multiple lenders
You may want to seek a loan officer who has experience underwriting a self-employment mortgage. These officers may fight harder for your approval and be able to explain your qualifications to the underwriting department. Lenders who offer FHA loans may also be a better fit than traditional loans because they are guaranteed by the government and lessen the risk to the lender.
A mortgage broker might be able to steer you toward lenders who specialize in self-employment mortgages.
5. Consider a non-qualified-mortgage lender
A non-qualified mortgage (non-QM mortgage or loan, for short) is a type of non-conforming loan, one in which there are looser income verification criteria. Instead of using standard federal qualifications to ascertain your creditworthiness, the lender bases approval on alternatives — like your average bank statement balance over the last 12 to 24 months, for example. The lender would be willing to consider this balance as an earned-income equivalent, in place of pay stubs.
This sort of mortgage is often tailor-made for the self-employed or those lacking the proverbial bi-weekly paycheck. If you choose this type of mortgage, just be prepared to pay a higher interest rate and some additional closing costs. There may also be some features, like balloon payments or 30-plus-year terms, that often aren’t allowed on traditional, “qualified” mortgages.
How to improve your chances of getting a mortgage when you’re self-employed
There are several ways to boost your odds of getting approved for a mortgage as a self-employed borrower.
Boost your credit score
Focus on improving your credit score and credit history. This requires making bill payments on time, paying down debt, correcting any errors or red flags on your credit reports and sticking to the limits on your revolving credit accounts.
Lower your debt-to-income ratio
Another way to increase your likelihood of funding is to lower your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio to 43 percent or less. This can be done by avoiding taking on any new debt, lowering your existing debt and paying it off faster than scheduled and earning extra money.
Make a larger down payment
Forking over a higher down payment than the minimum needed can help, too. “Down payment requirements for a bank statement loan were as low as 10 percent before COVID-19 hit,” says Jeanette. “But now, many lenders require 20 percent or more.”
Shop around for the right lender for you
Shopping around among different lenders and programs can yield the best opportunities. Focus on those that do business with independent contractors or sole proprietors.
“Work with an experienced loan officer who understands self-employed business records and documentation,” says Buege. “This person can help you present your business earnings and liabilities in a clear and understandable way that facilitates the approval process.”
Enlisting a skilled mortgage broker (again, one familiar with self-employed applicants) can also up your chances.
Loan types to consider when you are self-employed
Fortunately, self-employed borrowers are eligible for virtually all of the same mortgage types available to others. That means you can qualify for a conventional loan from a variety of private lenders or a government-backed loan.
“You should be eligible for all available options, including both conforming mortgage programs by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, FHA and others, as well as non-conforming loans if necessary,” says DeSimone.
Here’s a closer look at each:
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgages: These are traditional conforming loans that require a 20 percent down payment and may have fairly strict approval requirements. It’s not impossible for a self-employed person to get approved, but you may have more success after at least five years in business.
FHA: FHA loans are guaranteed by the Federal Housing Administration and only require a 3.5 percent down payment for most homebuyers. The fact that the government is backing the loan may make some lenders more likely to approve this loan for someone who is self-employed.
VA: VA loans are available to current service members and people who were previously active-duty. Requirements depend on the time of your service. These loans can guarantee up to 100 percent of the loan, which would mean you’re not responsible for any down payment. If you have a VA home loan COE, your lender may find your application more appealing.
What if I don’t qualify for a mortgage?
If you don’t get approved for a traditional mortgage, you can try applying for a non-conforming loan. “But these often come at a higher cost to the consumer, and not everyone can qualify,” says Buege, who adds that non-conforming loans can charge a higher interest rate and closing costs and impose less favorable repayment terms.
Alternatively, you could pursue a personal loan, although the maximum amount you can borrow likely won’t cover the cost of the home purchase.
If you’re trying to refinance and get denied, you could try applying for a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) if you’ve built up enough equity in your property and meet the qualifications.
Self-employed mortgage FAQ
Lenders for self-employed mortgages will look at a borrower’s net business income to determine loan eligibility. This means they look at your gross income minus business expenses.
You can use tax returns to quickly calculate your gross and net income for previous years. Business owners may also find a recent income statement useful for proving your current income stream. Self-employed people may also be allowed to use rental income or government payments as a part of their overall income.
Also, keep in mind that loan applications for all types of self-employment are underwritten using a process DeSimone calls “add-backs,” whereby certain non-cash business expenses (like depreciation) are added back to your net income.
The short answer is yes, you can get a mortgage loan with less than two years of self-employment history. This situation may require more documentation to get a mortgage. Lenders typically want to see at least two years of self-employment before they will give you a mortgage.
However, your income isn’t the only factor they use to determine eligibility. Having a strong credit score can help boost your application. In addition, if you’ve become self-employed in an industry where you’ve previously worked, you can show continuity of career, even if you’ve been self-employed for less than two years.
If your self-employment income is insufficient to qualify for a mortgage, having a co-signer or a co-borrower can help you qualify for a mortgage or even a larger loan amount. Having either a co-signer or a co-borrower allows you to use their income and credit to qualify for a loan.
It’s important to note that co-signers are slightly different from co-borrowers. Both take on the debt as their own in addition to you. However, a co-borrower becomes a joint owner on the title, while a co-signer does not.
Keeping business expenses separate from personal expenses can help keep your credit utilization score lower because you won’t put any potentially large business expenses on your personal credit accounts. A low credit utilization score is one factor that lenders look at when assessing you for a mortgage.
Selling your house is often one of the largest financial transactions you’ll make in your life. It can be complex and emotionally challenging, especially if it’s your first time dealing with a home sale or if the house is full of family memories.
Despite these challenges, millions of people successfully sell their homes each year. The process is well-trodden, but each sale has its unique circumstances and can come with many curveballs.
Whether you’re downsizing, upgrading, relocating, or just ready for a change, selling your house is a big step. The task might seem daunting, but remember, you’re not alone. Many resources can guide you through this process, providing advice and support along the way.
This guide aims to simplify the process and provide you with step-by-step instructions to help sell your house.
From setting your objectives to finally handing over the keys, we’ll walk you through each stage. We will address common challenges and offer expert insights to ensure you’re well-prepared for the journey ahead. Our goal is to help you sell your house at the best possible price within your desired timeline, while minimizing stress and maximizing satisfaction.
Understand Your Selling Objectives
The first step in any successful real estate transaction is understanding your motivations and objectives for selling. Be clear about your goals and timeline to create a selling strategy that will get you the price you want for your home within the timeframe desired.
Why are you selling?
Your motivations for selling might be tied to lifestyle changes, financial circumstances, or relocation for work. Perhaps you’ve outgrown your current house, or maybe it’s become too big after the kids have moved out. You might need to relocate for a new job or prefer a change in scenery as you approach retirement. By identifying your reasons for selling, you’ll have a clearer idea of what you want to achieve with the sale.
What’s your timeline?
Your timeline can significantly influence your selling strategy. If you’re in a rush due to reasons like a job relocation or closing on another home, you may have to price your property more competitively to attract a faster sale. However, if you have the luxury of time, you can afford to be patient and wait for an offer that matches your ideal price.
Evaluate Your Financial Position
Understanding your financial situation is essential in the home-selling process. A realistic view of your finances will help you make informed decisions, particularly in setting a reasonable asking price.
Understand Your Home Equity
Equity refers to the portion of your property that you truly “own” – it’s the difference between the current market value of your home and the remaining balance on your mortgage. Knowing your equity can give you an idea of your potential profits from the sale.
Consider Your Outstanding Mortgage
The amount left on your mortgage is another critical factor. If your outstanding balance is more than your home’s sale price, you may need to consider a short sale, which requires your lender’s approval and can affect your credit score.
Estimate Closing Costs
Closing costs are the fees and expenses you pay to finalize your home’s sale, excluding the commission for the real estate agent. They may include title insurance, appraisal fees, and attorney fees, among other costs. These are usually about 2-5% of the purchase price. Understanding these costs is crucial as they directly impact your net proceeds from the sale.
Taking the time to clarify your selling objectives and understanding your financial position will pave the way for a more streamlined and successful home-selling experience. These factors are not just critical for setting a realistic asking price but also for aligning your home sale with your larger financial or life goals.
Prepare Your House for Sale
Once you’ve identified your selling objectives, the next step is to prepare your house for the market. A well-prepared home can catch the attention of more prospective buyers and even command a higher sale price.
Home Improvements and Necessary Repairs
Before you list your home, assess its overall condition. Some minor upgrades and necessary repairs can significantly enhance your home’s appeal, often leading to a faster sale or higher selling price.
Deep Cleaning and Carpet Cleaning
Begin with a deep clean to ensure your home looks its best. Pay attention to often-overlooked areas, such as baseboards, window sills, and ceiling fans. If you have carpets, consider hiring a professional carpet cleaning service to remove any stains or odors. Cleanliness can significantly influence a buyer’s first impression.
Minor Upgrades and Fixes
Next, tackle minor upgrades and repairs that could deter potential buyers. This could include painting walls with a fresh, neutral color, fixing any plumbing or electrical issues, and ensuring all appliances are in working order. Although these tasks may seem small, they can make a big difference to potential buyers.
Stage Your House
Staging your house involves preparing it for viewing by potential buyers. It can significantly impact how quickly your home sells and the price.
Hire a Professional Stager
A professional stager, although an extra cost, can be a worthwhile investment. For a few hundred dollars, they can transform your space and make it appealing to as many potential buyers as possible. They use strategies like optimal furniture placement, accentuating natural light, and choosing neutral decor to make your home attractive and inviting.
Depersonalize Your Home
Part of effective staging involves depersonalizing your home. This means removing personal items like family photos, collections, and mementos. The aim is to create a neutral space where potential buyers can easily envision themselves and their own belongings. It’s all about helping buyers picture your house as their future home.
In the competitive real estate market, first impressions count. By investing time, money and effort in staging your house for sale, you can stand out from the competition and make a great impression on prospective buyers. These preparations could translate into a quicker sale and potentially a higher price.
Set the Right Price
One of the most critical decisions in the home-selling process is determining the right asking price. Setting a competitive price can help attract more prospective buyers, shorten the time your home spends on the market, and potentially yield a higher sale price.
Understand the Importance of Pricing
Choosing the right price is not just about the amount you’d like to receive. It’s also about understanding buyer psychology and local market trends. Pricing your home correctly can result in more interest, more showings, and ultimately, more offers.
Get a Comparative Market Analysis
A key tool for setting the right price is a Comparative Market Analysis (CMA). A CMA provides information about recent home sales in your area, adjusted for differences in features and conditions, giving you a good idea of what buyers might be willing to pay for your home.
Hire a Great Real Estate Agent
A great real estate agent can provide an accurate and comprehensive CMA. They have the experience and local market knowledge to understand which homes are truly comparable to yours and how various features and upgrades impact pricing.
Consider Comparable Sales
Comparable sales, or “comps,” are recent home sales in your area that are similar to your property in size, condition, and features. Your real estate agent will look at these comps, adjust for differences, and use the information to guide you towards a fair and attractive list price.
Adjust for Features and Conditions
Every home is unique, and its features and condition will impact its value. Your real estate agent will consider these factors when setting your home’s list price. For example, if your home has a new roof or a remodeled kitchen, it might command a higher price compared to a similar home without these upgrades.
Setting the right price is both an art and a science. It requires an understanding of the local real estate market, an evaluation of comparable sales, and an assessment of your home’s unique features. By enlisting the help of a great real estate agent and leveraging their expertise, you can set a competitive price that will attract serious buyers and maximize your profits.
Market Your House
Once your house is ready for sale and priced right, the next step is to get the word out to prospective buyers. Effective marketing can attract more interest and lead to quicker, more competitive offers.
Use High-Quality Professional Photos
Professional photography plays a crucial role in marketing your house. High-quality photos can showcase your home’s best features and give potential buyers a good first impression. Homes listed with professional photos tend to receive more views online, which can lead to faster sales and often at higher prices.
Craft a Compelling Listing Description
A well-written listing description can spark interest and invite potential buyers to learn more. Highlight your home’s unique features, recent upgrades, and what makes it special. Remember, you’re not just selling a property, you’re selling a lifestyle. Allow your real estate agent to offer feedback and help you create an enticing, optimized listing that will also show up in search results when people are looking for a home like yours.
Host Open Houses and Private Showings
Open houses and private showings are opportunities for potential buyers to experience your home in person. Be flexible with your schedule and make your house available for viewing as often as you can. The more people who walk through your door, the better your chances of receiving an offer.
The Role of a Good Real Estate Agent in Marketing
Marketing a house involves a significant time commitment and a specific set of skills. This is where a good real estate agent comes into play.
Leverage the Multiple Listing Service (MLS)
A good real estate agent can list your property on the Multiple Listing Service (MLS), a database of homes for sale that’s used by real estate professionals. An MLS listing can increase your home’s visibility, attracting other real estate agents and their clients.
Find a Realtor with A Proven Track Record
Choose a real estate agent with a proven track record of sales in your area. Their experience and local market knowledge can be invaluable in promoting your home effectively and attracting serious buyers.
In a crowded real estate market, standing out is key. By leveraging professional photography, crafting a compelling listing description, and utilizing the expertise of a good real estate agent, you can market your home effectively, attracting more potential buyers and increasing your chances of a successful sale.
Evaluate Offers and Negotiate
Once your marketing efforts start paying off and offers begin to come in, it’s time to shift focus to negotiation. The goal here is to achieve the best possible terms that align with your selling objectives.
How to Evaluate Offers
When you receive an offer, it’s essential to look beyond the offered price. While the highest offer might seem the most appealing, it’s not always the best choice.
Consider the Buyer’s Lender
Understanding where the buyer’s financing comes from is important. Offers from buyers who are pre-approved by a well-known lender may carry less risk than those from buyers who are not pre-approved or who are using a less established lender.
Assess the Down Payment
The size of the buyer’s down payment can indicate their financial stability. A larger down payment may suggest that the buyer has solid finances and is serious about purchasing your home.
Understand the Buyer’s Timeline
A buyer’s timeline can be just as important as their offered price. A qualified buyer who can close quickly might be more attractive than a higher offer that’s contingent on selling a current house.
How to Manage Multiple Offers
Receiving multiple offers can be exciting, but it can also be overwhelming. Your real estate agent can help you with this process.
Consult with Your Real Estate Agent
Your real estate agent’s experience can be invaluable in this situation. They can guide you through your options, help you compare offers side by side, and give advice based on their understanding of the current real estate market and the specifics of each offer.
Make the Best Decision Based on Your Needs
When reviewing multiple offers, it’s important to consider your own needs and priorities. For example, if you need to sell quickly, you might prioritize a buyer who can close sooner, even if their offer is not the highest.
Negotiating and accepting offers can be a complex part of the selling process. It’s not just about accepting the highest offer, but understanding the nuances of each proposal and making the best decision for your circumstances. With the right real estate agent by your side, you can handle this process confidently and successfully.
Close the Sale
After you’ve accepted an offer, the next step is to finalize the transaction. The closing process involves several stages, including a home inspection, title search, potential repair negotiations, and final paperwork signing. Here’s what to expect:
The Due Diligence Period
The due diligence period allows the buyer to further investigate the property after their offer has been accepted. During this time, the buyer’s agent will arrange for a home inspection.
Home Inspection and Report
A professional home inspector will thoroughly examine your property and generate an inspection report. This document details the condition of the house and outlines any potential issues, from minor maintenance concerns to significant structural problems.
Negotiating Repairs
If the inspection report reveals necessary repairs, there may be further negotiations. Buyers might ask you to handle the repairs, reduce the sale price, or offer a credit at closing to cover the repair costs.
The Title Search and Insurance
As part of the home buying process, the buyer’s lender will work with a title company to conduct a title search. This ensures the house is free from liens or claims and that you have a clear title to transfer to the new owners.
Understanding Title Insurance
Buyers might also negotiate for you to pay for title insurance as part of the closing costs. Title insurance protects the buyer and their lender from future property ownership claims, unexpected liens, or undisclosed property heirs.
Sign the Final Paperwork
The last step in the home sale process is the closing meeting. Here, you’ll sign the final paperwork, which includes key documents such as:
The Bill of Sale
This document transfers the ownership of personal property (like appliances or furniture) included in the home sale.
The Deed
This legal document transfers ownership of the property from you, the seller, to the buyer.
Documents Prepared by a Real Estate Attorney or Real Estate Brokerage
The closing process involves many legal documents. These might be prepared by a real estate attorney or real estate brokerage to ensure everything is in order.
Closing the sale of your house can be a complex process. However, understanding each step can help you proceed with confidence and reach a successful conclusion to your home sale journey.
Post Sale Considerations
Even after the final paperwork has been signed, and the new owners have the keys, there are a few additional factors to consider. The sale of your house doesn’t just end at the closing table. Let’s delve into these post-sale considerations.
Understand the Tax Implications
Selling your house can have significant tax implications. The application of taxes largely depends on the profit you make from the sale and how long you’ve lived in the house.
Capital Gains Tax Exemption
If the house was your primary residence for at least two of the last five years before selling, you might qualify for a capital gains tax exemption. This can significantly reduce your tax liability.
Consult with a Tax Professional
However, tax laws can be complex, and every situation is unique. Consult with a tax professional or a certified public accountant to fully understand the potential tax impacts. They can provide guidance tailored to your specific circumstances.
The Move to Your New Home
Moving to your new home involves logistical and financial considerations. Plan ahead for moving costs, including professional movers, moving supplies, and potential temporary housing.
Keep Records of Your Home Sale Expenses
It’s wise to keep a comprehensive record of all home sale-related expenses. This includes real estate agent commissions, home improvements made before the sale, and any fees or costs associated with closing. These records can be crucial for your future tax returns or financial planning.
Some of your moving costs may be tax-deductible if you or a member of your household is in the military, and you are moving due to a military order. Previously, moving costs were tax-deductible for many people who were relocating due to a job. After 2025, these deductions may return.
Conclusion
Selling your house is a significant event, and educating consumers about the process can reduce stress and result in a better outcome. By preparing your home, pricing it right, and working with a competent real estate agent, you can complete the transaction smoothly and efficiently.
The selling process might seem overwhelming, but with thorough preparation and the right team on your side, it can be an exciting time. Remember, every house can sell, it just requires the right strategy, a competitive price, and a bit of patience.
Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if my house isn’t selling?
If your house isn’t attracting buyers, various factors could be at play. The asking price may be too high, marketing efforts might be insufficient, or the house’s condition could be deterring potential buyers. Consult with your real estate agent to pinpoint potential problems and devise solutions. You may need to reduce the price, enhance your marketing strategy, or invest in necessary home improvements.
Can I sell my house myself instead of using a real estate agent?
Yes, selling your house yourself is an option. This is known as “For Sale By Owner” (FSBO). However, selling a house involves complex tasks like pricing, marketing, negotiating, and handling legal paperwork. Real estate agents possess the expertise and experience to deal with these challenges. If you opt for FSBO, be prepared for a significant time commitment and be ready to handle these tasks yourself.
How long does it usually take to sell a house?
The timeline for selling a house can vary greatly and depends on numerous factors, such as local market conditions, the home’s condition and price, and even the time of year. On average, it can take anywhere from a few days to a few months. Your real estate agent can give you a better estimate based on local trends and your specific situation.
What is a seller’s market, and how can it impact my home sale?
A seller’s market occurs when the demand for homes exceeds the current supply. This often results in homes selling more quickly and at higher prices. If you’re selling your house in a seller’s market, it can be an advantage as you may get multiple offers and a higher sale price.
Should I make repairs before selling my house?
Whether to make repairs before selling your house often depends on the type and extent of the repairs and the overall condition of your house. Small repairs and improvements, like painting or fixing leaky faucets, can make a good impression on buyers. If your home has more more substantial issues, discuss the repairs with your real estate agent to weigh the cost against the potential return on investment.
The investing information provided on this page is for educational purposes only. NerdWallet, Inc. does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise investors to buy or sell particular stocks, securities or other investments.
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money podcast, where we answer your real-world money questions. In this episode:
Learn investment and tax strategies to help you achieve financial security and prepare for a prosperous retirement.
How can you balance saving for emergencies and investing for the future? What strategies can you employ to maximize your tax benefits and build a secure financial future? NerdWallet’s Kim Palmer and Alana Benson discuss investment strategies and tax planning to help you understand how to navigate your financial journey effectively. They begin with a discussion of investment strategies, with tips and tricks on understanding different investment accounts like 401(k)s and IRAs, leveraging compound interest, and the importance of starting investments early. Then, Alana discusses tax planning and filing in-depth, covering the intricacies of different tax forms like W-4s and W-2s, the significance of estimated taxes for freelancers, and strategies for managing capital gains taxes.
Kim and Alana delve into retirement planning and the challenges of active versus passive investing. They provide a framework for prioritizing your finances, emphasizing the creation of an emergency fund, taking advantage of employer 401(k) matches, and understanding the role of asset allocation based on age and risk tolerance. Additionally, they tackle the decision-making process in personal finance, such as choosing between paying off debt and investing, and the pros and cons of having a financial advisor.
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Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
Hey listener, we’ve got a special episode in store for you today. Our investing and tax Nerds recently hosted a webinar going deep into how you can level up your investing and tax strategy. So we packaged that up into a podcast episode for you. The Nerds talk about what you need to know about different investing accounts, how to get help with your taxes and more. So here’s the webinar.
Kim Palmer:
Welcome everyone. I am Kim Palmer. I’m a personal finance writer at NerdWallet where we help people make smart decisions. One important note, we are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. NerdWallet Inc is not an investment advisor or broker and does not provide personal financial advisory services. Today we are excited to talk to you about the basics of investing and taxes and we think we have some helpful info to share with you. You can always find more at nerdwallet.com or on the NerdWallet app. Our goal today is to kick off a helpful discussion about investing and tax information and tools. Alana Benson writes about investing topics including stocks, funds, and ethical investing. And now I will hand it over to Alana.
Alana Benson:
Thanks Kim. Hi everyone. Thank you for joining us today. So before we start, I just want to say a couple of things that often get forgotten when we’re talking about investing. So first, investing usually comes second to some other goals. If you’re having a hard time paying for necessities or you don’t have an emergency fund, it’s really important to focus on those things before we even start worrying about investing. Second, instead of scrimping, try to increase your income. So I didn’t start investing until I was in my late 20s, and that’s because one, I didn’t work at NerdWallet yet, so I literally didn’t know anything. And two, I was making around $25,000 a year, so I didn’t have much expendable income. And when you don’t have extra income, it’s really hard to prioritize investing and it just might not even be a good idea to do that.
When I started making more money, it was suddenly a lot more possible for me to invest for retirement. So if it’s possible for you and you want to be investing more, look for jobs that will pay you more or look into side hustles, but cutting back on your streaming services probably will not save you enough money for retirement. And finally, if you don’t have the money to invest now, that’s totally fine. Some people have serious money anxieties and others just don’t have the cash. Whatever your reason is, don’t stress too much about it. Just keep learning and when you’re able to, you can start investing. So why do we invest? What is the point of all this? And the answer is that it’s because we like money and that’s okay. There’s no shame in admitting it, I like money, most people like money. It’s because money isn’t just money. It’s not like Scrooge McDuck diving into pools of money and buying Maseratis. It’s not that.
It’s about not being stressed about your money all the time and it’s about being able to buy everything that you need and some stuff that you want comfortably without having money stress take up all of your energy. Money allows us to thrive instead of just survive and investing helps you make more money than you could ever possibly make just by working at a job. So okay, what actually is investing? This whole process is very strange. Okay. Investing is the process of money that you already have making additional money for you. And this works through what’s called compound interest. Compound interest means that your gains get a little bit bigger every year and that’s also why starting when you’re younger gives you a huge advantage and more money in the long run. So for example, you just start at that little number one in the box up there. Say you buy an investment for $100, if it goes up the average stock market return of 10%, it could then be worth $110, meaning that you’ve made $10.
Then that $10 that you earned also starts earning compound interest on top of the $100 you initially invested. That doesn’t sound like much of a profit, but imagine if you were doing it with way larger amounts of money over a way longer period of time. Now that 10% is an annualized rate, which means that you’re not going to get 10% every single year. In all likelihood, some years you’re going to finish up, some years you’ll finish down. But over the course of decades when you average all that out, you tend to get about 10%. The way you actually start investing is through an investing account. And there’s a couple of different types, but the type of investment account you have is actually really, really important because a lot of them have some pretty significant tax benefits that you want to take advantage of. So you’ve got your 401(k)s and these are offered through your employer. You add money to it and sometimes your employer matches it. So it’s basically free money. If you have a 401(k), you’ll likely choose your investments from a pre-selected list or a fund that will automatically adjust itself over time.
So this means 401(k)s are typically very hands off. IRAs on the other hand are investment accounts that you open up yourself. IRAs can be opened online through brokerages and actually at a lot of large banks, they also do that. So it’s likely you can open up an investment account just through your bank. Unlike with a 401(k), IRAs you’ll have to choose your own investments in those accounts. You may have heard about a thing called a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) and it’s good if you know the difference. So with a Roth, you pay taxes on your money now just like any other money that you earn and then the money you have invested inside that account grows tax-free and you can take it out tax-free in retirement. With a traditional IRA or 401(k), the money you contribute today is pre-tax.
So that is you get to deduct it from your income taxes this year. So it’s like a nice little treat this year, but then when you cash it out in retirement, you’ll owe income taxes on it. This is really, really important. I’ve seen a lot of people make this mistake. Your investment account is not an investment, so a Roth IRA, a 401(k), not an investment. So if you have a Roth IRA, that’s great, but that doesn’t mean you’re actually invested in anything. So you fund your investment account and then you buy investments from there. But I’ve heard of people opening a Roth IRA, putting in a bunch of money and then wondering why it didn’t grow over the last 10 years. So you have to purchase investments for your money to actually grow and if you don’t do it, you’ll miss out on all of those years of growth, so very important.
And there’s a couple different types of investments that you can choose from once you open and fund your investment account. So you’ve got stocks, I’m sure everyone’s heard of that, these are shares of ownership in companies and the way you make money from them is if they go up in value and some pay you a cut of the company’s profits on a regular basis. Then you’ve got bonds. This is when you loan money to companies or the government and they pay you interest. Funds, now these are very exciting because they’re basically just baskets of stocks and bonds that you buy all at once. So a fund is still a stock or bond based investment depending on the type of fund that you get. And there’s a lot of different kinds such as index funds or exchange traded funds and mutual funds, but they’re all collections of investments that you buy at one time.
And I think funds are pretty awesome because if you own a stock and that company goes out of business, you lose all of your money. But if you invest in a fund that covers 100 stocks and that same stock goes out of business, your investment is buoyed up by the other 99 companies. So again, all of these investments, stocks, bonds and funds, you buy them from your investment account and then you own them in there. All right, so let’s talk about the stock market, it’s this weird nebulous term that’s hard to understand. But the stock market is just where people buy and sell investments, but now people just trade investments online. So the stock market is made up of several what are called market indexes. Now these are basically just predetermined lists of companies and the performance of that overall list can tell us a lot about the health of the US economy.
So for example, the S&P 500, something you probably have all heard of, that’s just the list of 500 of the largest publicly traded companies in the US and it includes companies like Apple and Amazon. So when we say the stock market is down today, that means that on average most of those companies aren’t doing well. And you can’t invest in the literal stock market, but you can invest in funds that include all the same investments. So these are called index funds because they track a market index. So again, if you have an S&P 500 index fund, it should perform pretty closely to how the S&P 500 itself is actually performing. The S&P 500 goes up 10% a year on average and 6.5% after inflation. And this is just an average, so some years the market goes up more, some years it goes down less, but when done well, investing can potentially mean doubling your money every few years for doing basically nothing, which is my favorite way of earning money, by doing nothing. It’s great.
So let’s talk strategy. This is all about the way that you invest, when you put your money in and when you take your money out. So passive investing is where you buy that S&P 500 index fund and you keep adding money into it until you retire. It’s very boring, but it’s effective. So it can give you that 10% return on average over the long haul, but a lot of people want to make more than that 10%, and they do so by actively buying and selling stocks, crypto options and other high risk investments. They try to predict when they’ll be low, then they buy them and then they turn around and try to sell them when they’re high. So these people are called active traders or day traders. Only 20% of active traders make money over a six-month period. That is not a lot of people.
There have been a lot of studies over the years that show that active investing is a way less lucrative fashion than boring old passive investing with that index fund. Plus active investing is a lot more work, you have to do all kinds of research and you keep an eye on the markets and you can hypothetically earn more by actively trading versus passively earning the same amount as that historical return of 10%. But most people end up making less when they actually try it, and that’s because people are really bad at predicting things. And in order to make money on the overall stock market over the long term, you have to be really good at predicting things all the time. So maybe you make it big on one stock, but the odds of that happening again and again are very low. So let’s put all of this information together, the accounts, the actual investments and the strategy.
Here’s how financial advisors suggest you prioritize your money when you’re starting to invest. So the first thing you want to do is you’re not actually going to invest at all. The first thing is that you’re going to have an emergency fund. So this is money that you won’t actually put in the stock market, and that’s because when your money is invested, its value can change day by day. So say you have $1,000 and you want to use it for an emergency fund, but you invest it, when you have to fix something on your car suddenly, you go to check your money and its value could be $600 instead of $1,000 and that’s not good. If you put it in a high yield savings account, you can access that money at any time without risking its value. Plus right now the interest rates are really high.
So your money could be earning 4 to 5% just by sitting there. So next, you want to get that 401(k) match if it’s available to you because it’s free money. After that, it’s a good idea to look into IRAs. Both IRAs and 401(k)s have what’s called a contribution limit, which is just the maximum amount of money you can put in each of them every year. If you’re able to max out an IRA, then it’s a good call to move back to your 401(k). And the reason you switch around like that is because of the way the tax benefit works. So it’s likely more beneficial to invest in an IRA over a 401(k) if you’ve already gotten your match, if you have to choose between the two. Then if you max out your 401(k), you can move to a standard brokerage account. And this is not a list of everything you have to be doing right now.
You might be thinking, “Whoa, maxing out an IRA is $6,500, I cannot afford that”, and that is totally fine. So I like to picture it as a waterfall. So when you fill up your emergency fund, then you can start working on getting that 401(k) match. Only after that bucket is full should you then move on to investing in an IRA and so on. And wherever you’re at in your bucket filling journey is okay. It’s just nice to know what to do next when you’re ready for it. So we already talked about what accounts to invest from and the investments you can buy, but then do you just start buying a bunch of index funds or stocks or bonds? How do you know how much of each investment to get? And that is all about risk tolerance. And to understand that we have to understand how risk works over time.
If you’re investing for retirement and you’re in your 20s now, that means you have a ton of time for your investments to grow and then drop dramatically and then rise back up. So financial advisors would say you can afford to take on a bit more risk, AKA invest in riskier investments, because you have time for your investments to bounce back. Now, if you’re investing for your retirement and you’re 65, you don’t want to risk all the money you’ve been investing for years and years because you’re going to actually need to use it to pay for stuff in retirement pretty soon, so you want to protect it. And figuring out how much of each investment you should have is a fancy term called asset allocation, but it just means how much of your portfolio is in which of these investments.
And age is just a number, but typically when you’re younger, you may be able to afford to take more risk because you have more time for the stock market highs and lows to even out. So stocks, and okay, remember index funds and mutual funds are often made up of stocks so those count too, but those tend to carry more risk than investments like bonds. And an example of a 20-year-old’s investment portfolio, which includes all of your accounts so your 401(k), your Roth IRA, all of that together, that could be 100% stocks. And that’s fairly risky, but those 20 year olds are not going to retire for a long time. Now, a 65-year-old might have way more bonds because they don’t want to risk all that money they’ve earned over time. And one thing some investors do to mitigate risk is to slowly shift their asset allocation from high risk investments to low risk investments over time.
And again, I’m not a financial advisor and this is not personalized investment advice, but how much of each investment it’s good to have will usually depend on how much risk you are willing to take. And an investment portfolio can be really simple or really complicated. So you could have that one S&P 500 index fund and you purchase it from a Roth IRA, and that’s just all you do. Just if you want to keep it really simple or you can make it more complicated. So maybe you explore several stock-based funds such as international stocks and healthcare stocks and technology stocks, and you could invest in those types through a fund. So instead of buying 30 technology stocks, you just have one technology stock fund, then a small slice in bonds, and then an even smaller slice is crypto or other high risk investments. Though financial advisors have varying opinions on the safety of crypto.
So keep in mind, this is just an example and not necessarily what you should do personally, but it is really helpful to look up asset allocation portfolios through an online brokerage and see what they recommend for your specific age and when you plan on retiring. You can also talk with a financial advisor who can help guide you through those decisions. And investing is great because it can help you earn wealth, which you could spend on a boat, but more than likely one of your biggest investing goals will be retirement. And the sad truth is that in some things like retirement, they just cost so much that you’ll probably never afford them just by putting money in a savings account. And that’s why we say we have to invest for retirement. And the truth is that most people just aren’t saving enough for retirement.
So you’ll probably have a lot of expenses and you have to pay for that in retirement and some of it’s necessary like food or housing or medical care and some of it is travel or bucket list stuff, but you may not be working anymore or at least not as much as you were. And once you factor in inflation, it’s likely that a dollar today will be worth way less when you’re in retirement. And saving for retirement has gotten even more difficult because you can’t necessarily afford to live on social security. Medicare doesn’t always pay for your health needs and pensions aren’t really as common as they used to be. And because of all this, it’s really important to start investing for retirement sooner rather than later.
And if you’re early in your career, it might seem silly to worry about retiring right now, but if you start investing sooner, you actually spend less on retirement than if you start investing later in life overall and that’s because of compound interest. So our retirement calculator shows that if you start putting away $100 per month, that could grow to nearly $400,000 in 35 years. And it’s always good to know how much you should be trying to invest. When you have a long-term goal in mind, you want to know what that number is. So a retirement calculator can be a big help to figure that out, including NerdWallet’s retirement calculator. No shame, I’m going to plug it, but some financial advisors recommend saving 15% of your pre-tax income for retirement. So okay, let’s break that down. What does that look like?
So if you make $100,000 a year, again just because easy math, that would be $15,000 annually that you’re trying to save for retirement. But if you had a 5% match on your 401(k), you’d already be saving $10,000 a year between the $5,000 you make and the $5,000 your employer puts in. And then if you contributed another $5,000 to your Roth IRA, you’d already meet your target goal of saving $15,000 a year for retirement. You should also think about how much you can make during those peak earning years. If you’re younger, what career are you looking to have? You can look up what those wages tend to look like on a site like Glassdoor or ask someone in your life who is in that career path, and maybe do that tactfully because you’re asking about money. But figuring out what you want to be when you grow up may not be something you want to think about right now.
But to be honest, I studied English in college and no one told me about my job prospects. I figured that I would have to write a super famous book or be a teacher and you don’t have to have everything figured out now, but it doesn’t hurt to see how much a potential field could earn and figure out what careers are open to you. And just keep in mind that relationship between your earnings and investing like we talked about in the beginning. And if you’re later in your career, it is harder to take advantage of compound interest, but some of those investment accounts have those catch up contributions that we talked about so you’re able to contribute more after a certain age. Thank you all so much for listening to me talk very fast for a long time, and now I will hand it back over to Kim to talk about taxes. Thanks so much.
Kim Palmer:
Great, thank you so much, Alana. That was great. Someone actually asked in a pre-submitted question, “Why do I have to pay taxes?” Well, here is why. Taxes are used to pay for a lot of different things like clean water, roads, schools, healthcare, and the military. And your tax return is due every year in mid-April to the IRS. We’ll talk a little bit later about what to do if you need an extension, but in general that is the deadline. But first, let’s back up a little bit. When you file taxes, there is so much paperwork. One really important one is the W-4. That is the document that your employer asks you to fill out when you start a new job. And it plays a really big role in telling your employer how much in taxes to take out of each paycheck. It asks you things like your filing status, dependents, how much tax to withhold, and if you get a really big tax bill or a big refund, then you might want to go back and revisit your W-4 just to make sure you’re withholding enough but not too much.
There’s also the W-2, which is a document that your employer sends you to summarize how much in total they took out of your paycheck the previous year, and you’ll need to reference all those numbers when you file your tax return. If you are self-employed or you work a side hustle, then taxes won’t be automatically withheld from your paycheck, and that means you might have to pay something called estimated taxes, which is typically four times a year. In January, you’ll get something called a 1099 form that outlines how much money any company paid you, and then you’ll use that information when you file your return. And then finally, the 1040 is the main form you use when you file taxes, and we’ll drop a link in the chat for more about that. Okay, so you have all of your forms set. How do you actually file your taxes?
You can do it yourself through the IRS. You can use an online tax prep software or you can use a tax professional like an accountant or a tax preparer. If you do it on your own, you can either use paper forms or get access to brand name tax prep software through an IRS service called Free File. But it’s important to know that only people who make below a certain income qualify for the Free File program. If you use tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block or NerdWallet Taxes powered by Column Tax, many of these providers use a Q&A style to help you do your taxes and some even offer paid upgrades that connect you directly to a tax professional. If your finances are really complicated and you want some extra help, then you can also work with a tax preparer such as a certified public accountant.
You do want to make sure to ask them lots of questions and check their credentials before you agree to share your financial information. And you also want to check to see if they have a prepared tax identification number, which is an ID that’s required for anyone who files tax returns for compensation. The US does not have a flat tax system, and that means that portions of your income can be taxed at different rates. There are currently seven tax rates for federal income taxes that run from 10% to 37%. And which tax rate applies to you depends on your income and your filing status. So you might hear people say, “I’m in the 12% bracket” or “I’m in the 22% bracket”, but being in a tax bracket doesn’t mean you pay that tax rate on everything you make. And in reality, people’s income can fall into several different tax brackets depending on how much they make.
Portions or chunks of your income are taxed at different rates and some of those different taxes are then added together. So for example, some of your income could be taxed at a rate of 10%, another chunk could be at 12%. The more you make, the higher the tax rate might be on some of your income. And depending on the state where you pay your income taxes, you might pay a flat rate or a progressive rate similar to the federal structure. A small handful of states have no state income tax. If you want to pay less, you can look for tax breaks. Tax credits and tax deductions are two tools that can help you potentially minimize your tax bill, but they do work in different ways. Tax deductions reduce your taxable income. As a simplified example, a $25,000 tax deduction on $100,000 of taxable income means that only $75,000 of that income will get taxed.
Tax credits directly reduce your tax bill by the value of their credit. So this means if you owe $2,000 in taxes and you’re eligible for a $1,000 tax credit, you’ll end up owing $1,000. Tax credits tend to be more valuable because they have the potential to pack a bigger punch, so you definitely want to try to take all the tax credits you qualify for, and you could even get money back if a credit is refundable. Common tax credits include the earned income tax credit, the child tax credit, the lifetime learning credit, and the American opportunity credit and savers credit.
All right, I alluded to this at the beginning, but what happens if you’re not going to be ready by mid-April? What do you do? If you know you won’t be able to file on time before tax day, you can file for a free extension with the IRS and that gives you until mid-October to file your return. But you want to make sure that at least 90% of what you think you’ll owe in April is covered by an estimated tax payment or your withholdings. Otherwise, the IRS can hit you with a penalty for late payment. The failure to pay penalty is really no joke. It’s 0.5% of your unpaid taxes each month your payment is late plus interest. If you file late and you did not file an extension, you could also get hit with a failure to file penalty, which is 5% of your unpaid taxes each month that your payment is late. There is some good-ish news, if you file late but you don’t owe anything, you won’t get penalized but that doesn’t mean you’re not still obligated to file.
If you don’t, the IRS could file a return on your behalf and you might miss out on a refund if you’re owed one. And if your tax bill is so high that you can’t pay it off, you do have options. You can set up a long-term or short-term payment plan with the IRS.
I know that was a whole lot of information and taxes can seem scary, but we break down lots of popular tax questions and terms on nerdwallet.com. We have some time to address some pre-submitted questions from the audience ranging from about Roth IRAs to the pros and cons of having a financial advisor. And I do want to give a reminder here as we answer these questions that we are not tax or investing advisors. We are writers who focus on these fields and what we say is not investing or tax advice. So with that said, let’s dive into these questions. A question that came to us in an email was: how do you choose between paying off credit card debt and investing in saving for emergencies?
I really love this question because I think it speaks to some of the biggest challenges of personal finance, navigating these choices. And the answer is it’s really up to you. Many financial advisors say that the first step is to create a starter emergency fund, and you can read more in our article that we’ll link to, Should I Pay Off Debt Or Save? And you’ll see most people think about saving $500 to $1,000 first and then after that to consider contributing enough to a workplace retirement plan if they have access to one, and then contributing 3% to 5% of income to an IRA or a Roth IRA. And then financial advisors say people can consider focusing on paying off high interest debt and amp up investing efforts once they have paid that off. And now Alana, I’ll turn over to you. Perhaps you can answer the questions about Roth IRAs.
Alana Benson:
Absolutely. So a couple folks were wondering, before we went over everything, what a Roth IRA is and how does it work and when is it worth it to open one? So we already covered this a little bit, but again, it’s an individual retirement account and it lets you contribute money that you’ve already paid taxes on. So think about when you get your paycheck. That money has already had taxes taken out of it. So once you hit age 59 and a half and you have held the Roth IRA for at least five years, you can withdraw your contributions and any earnings, which is a fancy word for money that you earn from investing, without paying taxes again. And whether it’s worth it is up to you, especially if you’re trying to decide between a Roth IRA and a traditional IRA because it’s about when you pay those taxes and if you have a traditional IRA, you do get that tax break right now.
So that’s a personal decision. But you can also take out money tax-free from your Roth IRA later in life. So if that’s something that you are really trying to parse out, it might be good to talk to a financial advisor because they can help you with that question. We had two other questions. The first one is: how do you calculate how much money to put in your Roth IRA if you make over the maximum amount? So we didn’t actually cover this, so Roth IRAs do have income limits, but there is something called a Backdoor Roth that lets you contribute money first to a traditional IRA, pay taxes on it and then roll that money into a Roth IRA. And then our last question is: what are the pros and cons of having a financial advisor and how do you find one?
This is such a good question. The pros and cons really depend on your situation. The catchall term ‘financial advisor’ is used to describe a wide variety of people and services, including investment managers, financial consultants, financial planners. First and foremost, you always want to verify a financial professional because financial advisor doesn’t require people to be vetted. Certain things like a certified financial planner or a CFP, those actually have a very high level of education and have a certification that you can verify online. So anyone that you are talking about money with, you want to make sure that you are vetting them. And some of these people can just talk to you about your finances and some of them can actually manage your investments for you if you want that. Financial advisors, depending on the kind that you choose, can be pretty expensive. A robo-advisor is like an AI version of a financial advisor.
You just set up an account for one and then they charge you a pretty modest fee. And based on your age and your risk tolerance, it will manage your investments for you. An online financial advisor can offer more services and you can actually talk to a human being, but those do tend to cost a little bit more. And then you could go to an in-person financial advisor, depending on their credentials, that might cost even more, but sometimes it’s really nice to talk to somebody that you know and you can grow that relationship with them over time.
Kim Palmer:
Great. Thank you, Alana. And I think, actually, I can squeeze in one more question that we received. How do taxes work with investment accounts? How much do we set aside so we aren’t surprised by a tax bill? Which is a great question. If you’re selling stocks from a brokerage investment account, then you should be aware of three words, capital gains taxes. Those are the taxes you’ll pay when you sell assets for profit. Assets that you have owned for more than a year are subject to long-term capital gains tax, and the capital gains tax rate is 0%, 15% or 20% on most assets. Capital gains taxes on assets held for a year or less are subject to short-term capital gains. If you regularly trade stocks or other investments, you might be subject to short-term capital gains.
Those profits are taxed as ordinary income based on your tax brackets, which we went over before. Your final tax bill depends on a number of different factors. If you don’t want to be surprised, estimate what you’ll owe using tools such as a tax calculator or IRS worksheets. If needed, consider setting aside enough to cover the tax bill or paying estimated taxes and as always, your specific situation will differ and we are not tax professionals. We hope that you enjoyed this webinar and learned something today. If you’d like to get even more clarity on your finances and continue learning with NerdWallet, consider signing up for an account with us at nerdwallet.com. Thank you so much for joining us.
Sean Pyles: And that’s all we have for this episode. To send the Nerds your money questions, call or text us on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected]. Here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances. This webinar episode was produced by Alikay Wood, Sheri Gordon, and me. We had editing help from Liz Weston, Sara Brink mixed our audio, and a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help. And with that said, until next time, turn the Nerds.
A $200,000 mortgage might cost you more than twice that amount over the course of the loan’s lifetime. That’s thanks in part to the way banks amortize, or parse out the balance of interest to principal in each payment. Of course, how much your specific $200,000 mortgage will cost is a more complicated equation, since personal financial factors like your credit score and debt level will affect your interest rate. And your interest rate, in turn, will affect your total mortgage cost.
Read on for a peek into the mortgage payment on $200K, including sample amortization tables, how much your monthly payment might cost, where to find a loan, and more.
Here’s What a $200,000 Mortgage Costs
When you take out a loan of any kind, the lending institution — often a bank — charges you for the service of giving you the money you need up front. When you repay a loan, you’re repaying both principal (the money you borrowed) and interest (the money the loan servicer is charging you).
Interest is expressed as a rate in the form of a percentage. Higher interest means you’re paying more for the loan — and lower interest, of course, means you’ll pay less. The lowest interest rates are reserved for buyers with the best financial profiles, which may include factors like robust and steady income, a good or excellent credit score, and a low level of existing debt (another factor lenders express in the form of a percentage: DTI, or your debt-to-income ratio).
With all that said, let’s say you take out a $200,000 mortgage to pay for a house that costs $275,000. In this example, you’d have made a down payment of $75,000, or just over 27%. Over the course of a 30-year mortgage term, with a fixed interest rate of 6%, you’d pay almost $232,000 in interest — along with the principal repayment, of course, bringing your total amount paid to almost $432,000. You’ll notice that figure is more than double the original $200,000 you borrowed, and this example doesn’t even include additional fees like property tax or homeowners insurance.
However, interest rates are very powerful here, and even a small decrease in interest can have a big effect on the overall loan cost. For example, imagine everything we’ve just described above remains the same, but your interest rate is 4% rather than 6%. In that scenario, your total interest would be about $143,000, representing a savings of around $90,000. (Insert shocked emoji.)
As you can see, finding the most favorable interest rates possible is really worthwhile for homebuyers. If this is your first time in the home market, a home loan help center can educate you about the buying process. 💡 Quick Tip: You deserve a more zen mortgage. Look for a mortgage lender who’s dedicated to closing your loan on time.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
How Much Are Monthly Payments for a $200,000 Mortgage?
Maybe you’re less concerned about how much your $200,000 mortgage will cost you over the long term but are curious about the monthly payment on a $200K mortgage. Again, interest rates have a big effect on monthly mortgage payments, as does the loan’s term (how long you have to repay it). Still, we can offer a few examples.
For a 30-year $200,000 mortgage at a fixed interest rate of 7%, your monthly payments would be about $1,330 (though this figure doesn’t include property taxes or homeowners insurance, which could push your payment hundreds of dollars upward).
For a 15-year $200,000 mortgage with the same interest rate, your monthly payments would be about $1,797 (again, without additional costs included).
You can get more specific figures customized to your circumstances using a mortgage calculator or home affordability calculator online.
Where You Can Get a $200,000 Mortgage
There are ways to get a $200,000 mortgage if you’re sure you’re ready for one. Private banks, credit unions, and lenders who specialize in mortgages are all available to meet your request. You can usually do most of the application online.
One caveat: As we’ve seen above, interest rates can make a huge difference when it comes to the cost of your mortgage over time. Although market factors have a big influence on interest rates, your personal markers also matter, so getting your financial ducks in a row as possible before applying could help you save money in the long run. (So can finding an affordable place to live in the first place.) Additionally, you may want to ask for prequalification quotes from a variety of lenders to see who can give you the best deal.
Recommended: Tips to Qualify for a Mortgage
What to Consider Before Getting a $200,000 Mortgage: Amortization
Remember how we were talking about amortization above? In most cases, lenders amortize loans in such a way that, toward the beginning of the loan, the bulk of your payments are going toward interest. (Although your fixed monthly payments never change, the proportion of how much of that amount goes toward interest versus principal can.)
To understand how this can impact your ability to build equity, we’ve included the following sample amortization schedules for two different types of mortgage loans below. As you’ll see, the remaining principal balance goes down far more slowly than the amount you pay in. For example, in the chart below, although you’d pay a total of almost $16,000 toward your mortgage, the principal only reduces by about $2,000 because nearly $14,000 of your payments go toward interest.
Amortization Schedule, 30-year, 7% Fixed
Years Since Purchase
Beginning Balance
Monthly Payment
Total Interest Paid
Total Principal Paid
Remaining Balance
1
$200,000
$1,330.60
$13,935.64
$2,031.62
$197,968.38
3
$195,789.89
$1,330.60
$13,631.29
$2,335.97
$193,453.93
5
$190,949.09
$1,330.60
$13,281.35
$2,685.91
$188,263.18
10
$175,432.38
$1,330.60
$12,159.65
$3,807.61
$171,624.77
15
$153,435.50
$1,330.60
$10,933.39
$5,033.87
$153,435.50
20
$129,388.32
$1,330.60
$8,831.12
$7,136.14
$122,252.17
30
$15,377.96
$1,330.60
$589.30
$15,377.96
$0.00
As you can see, even 20 years into the loan’s 30-year lifespan, you’ll still be paying more toward interest than principal (though the proportion will be much closer to 50/50 than at the beginning of the term).
Next, let’s look at what happens when the home mortgage loan term is reduced to 15 years.
Amortization Schedule, 15-year, 7% Fixed
Years Since Purchase
Beginning Balance
Monthly Payment
Total Interest Paid
Total Principal Paid
Remaining Balance
1
$200,000
$1,797.66
$13,752.28
$7,819.60
$192,180.40
3
$183,795.53
$1,797.66
$12,580.86
$8,991.02
$174,804.51
5
$165,163.53
$1,797.66
$11,233.95
$10,337.93
$154,825.60
7
$143,740.35
$1,797.66
$9,685.27
$11,886.61
$131,853.74
10
$105,440.55
$1,797.66
$6,916.57
$14,655.31
$90,785.24
12
$75,070.50
$1,797.66
$4,721.12
$16,850.76
$58,219.74
15
$20,775.73
$1,797.66
$796.15
$20,775.73
$0.00
As this chart shows, a mortgage loan with a shorter term can help you build equity more quickly: Notice how principal and interest payments are much closer to equal just five years in, or a third of the way through the loan. Keep in mind that this ability comes at the cost of a higher monthly payment, though, so it may not be possible for all — especially first-time homebuyers who may struggle to meet higher mortgage payments. 💡 Quick Tip: If you refinance your mortgage and shorten your loan term, you could save a substantial amount in interest over the lifetime of the loan.
How Do I Get a $200,000 Mortgage?
Taking out a $200,000 mortgage is a fairly simple process these days. In most cases, your lender can pre-qualify you online or over the phone. While applying for your official approval will take a few more steps, including providing documentation like income verification and tax returns, you can still be approved in as little as a business day—and ready to take over the keys to your dream home.
To get started, reach out to the lender you’ve chosen to learn more about their process. They may make it simple to start your application online. Just don’t forget that interest adds up, and amortization can make it more difficult to build equity quickly. It’s worth checking in to ensure your lender doesn’t charge an early repayment penalty, and that they make it simple to pay additional principal if you’re able.
Recommended: The Cost of Living By State
The Takeaway
Because of interest, a $200,000 mortgage might cost more than $200,000 on top of the principal you borrow. It all depends on your loan term as well as your specific rate — which in turn depends on your financial standing.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
How much does a $200K mortgage cost each month?
With a fixed rate of 7%, a 30-year $200,000 mortgage will cost about $1,330 per month before additional fees, and a 15-year $200,000 mortgage at the same rate will cost closer to $1,800. If your down payment is less than 20% you will likely have to pay for mortgage insurance as well, not to mention property taxes and insurance.
How much income is required to qualify for a $200,000 mortgage?
An income of around $65,000 is in the right ballpark to qualify for a $200,000 mortgage. Income is far from the only important factor lenders consider when qualifying you for a loan, however, and even those who make substantial income may not qualify if they have high levels of debt or other negative factors.
How much is the down payment for a $200,000 mortgage?
Down payment amounts can vary substantially. Some loans allow you to put down as little as 3.5%, which, for a $200,000 home would be $7,000. To avoid having to pay for mortgage insurance, you’d want to put down at least 20%, which is $40,000.
Can I afford a $200K house with a salary of $70K?
What you can and can’t afford is a complex calculation that depends on your lifestyle, where you live, and more. That said, $70,000 is within the feasible range to take out a $200,000 mortgage, particularly if you choose a longer loan term.
Photo credit: iStock/skynesher
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
SoFi Mortgages Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.
*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
We often think of homebuyers as younger, but retirees and senior citizens have plenty of reasons to make a purchase, too. Although the current housing market isn’t the best for buyers, waiting for it to change isn’t an option for some older house hunters. Here’s what to know about getting a mortgage as a senior.
Key statistics on seniors and mortgages
Roughly two-thirds of adults who own a home have a mortgage, according to 2022 data from the U.S. Federal Reserve.
The median mortgage in 2022 was $1,400 per month, based on data from the U.S. Federal Reserve
Baby boomers carry an average of $190,441 in mortgage debt — the second-lowest balance, behind the Silent Generation, according to 2023 data from Experian.
At 52 percent, baby boomers account for the largest generation of home sellers, according to the National Association of Realtors. They also account for the biggest cohort of homebuyers, at 39 percent.
More than forty percent of people report that paying for housing negatively impacts their mental health, according to a Bankrate survey.
Iowa is the No. 1 best state to retire to in 2023, according to a Bankrate study. Delaware, West Virginia, Missouri and Mississippi also rank highly. The worst states to retire include Alaska, California and New York.
Can you get a mortgage as a senior?
Yes, lenders offer mortgages for seniors. When it comes to getting a home loan, mortgage lenders look at many factors to decide whether a borrower is qualified — but age isn’t one of them. It’s one of the protected categories specified by the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, which makes it unlawful to discriminate against a credit applicant because of age (along with race, religion, national origin, sex and marital status).
Still, lenders can ask your age on mortgage applications, but only for the purpose of gathering demographic data, as specified by the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). The information is supposed to be confidential and not used as a criterion to approve or deny the applicant.
“The same underwriting guidelines apply to retirees and seniors as does to everyone else,” says Michael Becker, branch manager and loan originator at Sierra Pacific Mortgage in Lutherville, Maryland. “They must have the capacity to repay the loan — that is, have the income and assets to qualify.
“I once did a 30-year mortgage for a 97-year-old woman,” says Becker. “She was lucid, understood what she was doing and just wanted to help out a family member [by taking] some cash out of her home, and had the income to qualify and the equity in the home — she owned it free and clear. So she was approved.”
Is qualifying for a mortgage harder for seniors?
Despite laws prohibiting lending discrimination on the basis of age, it can still be challenging for seniors to qualify for home financing. In fact, a 2023 working paper out of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia found a link between the rejection rate on mortgage applications and the age of the borrower.
This could be for a number of reasons, including qualifying factors like assets and debt. If you’re managing a lot of debt already, you might not be able to take on a mortgage (or another mortgage), especially if you now have less income in retirement. No matter your age, you’ll still need to meet the lender’s criteria for approval.
How to qualify for a mortgage in retirement
When seniors apply for a mortgage, lenders look at the same financial criteria as they do for any other borrower, including credit history and score, debt-to-income (DTI) ratio, income and other assets.
Credit score
Here are the minimum credit scores needed based on loan type:
Loan type
Minimum credit score
Conventional loans
620
FHA loans
580 with 3.5% down payment, 500 with 10% down payment
VA loans
No minimum requirement, but generally 620
USDA loans
No minimum requirement, but generally 640
Bear in mind that minimum scores can allow you to qualify for a loan in general, but you won’t get the best interest rates the lender has to offer. For a conventional loan, for example, you’d need a score of 740 or higher to nab a more competitive rate.
You can check your credit score for free each week by visiting AnnualCreditReport.com.
DTI ratio
Calculate your DTI ratio using this formula:
Mortgage Calculator
DTI = Monthly debt payments (including mortgage or rent) / monthly gross income x 100
Some lenders allow a DTI ratio as high as 50 percent, but most prefer to see you spend less than 45 percent of your monthly income on debt payments, including your mortgage.
Income verification
Besides what’s required to prove your identity, you’ll need to supply documentation about your income. If you’re still working — and many are, according to a recent Bankrate survey — that includes paystubs, W-2s and tax returns. If you’re retired, it might include:
Income source
Documents
Social Security
Copies of benefit verification, proof of income or proof of award letter, statements and/or tax returns
Pension
Copies of retirement award or benefit letter statements and/or tax returns
401(k), IRA and Keogh distributions
Copies of statements and/or tax returns
Interest and dividends income
Copies of statements, 1099s and/or tax returns
Annuities
Copies of statements and/or tax returns
Rental property income
Copies of tax returns and/or current lease agreement
Disability
Copies of disability policy and/or benefits statement
“Generally, two months’ of bank statements are needed to show those payments being deposited into the retiree’s account,” says Becker. “Since there is no paycheck, the bank statements serve the same purpose. The deposits have to match what the forms show.”
Investment income — capital gains, dividends, distributions and interest — is reported on your tax return. For the income to be used to qualify you for the loan, you’ll need to provide two years’ worth of returns.
“If the retiree has retirement income that is nontaxable, like Social Security income or tax-exempt interest, that income can be ‘grossed up,’ or increased 15 to 25 percent, depending on the loan product, to help qualify for the loan,” says Becker.
Should you get a mortgage in retirement?
In general, it’s best to avoid taking on more debt in retirement, when your income might not be as predictable as it once was. Using your retirement savings to pay down your mortgage can make it difficult to enjoy a comfortable retirement lifestyle and cover costs like medical bills.
“Even if one owns a property with no further mortgage payments due, property taxes and upkeep will be a consideration,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst and Washington bureau chief for Bankrate. “As with people of all ages, having a budget, limiting expenses and accurately accounting for income expectations are key.”
Then again, working hard to pay off your mortgage debt prior to retirement might not be the best strategy either. It could leave you financially vulnerable and unable to pay for emergencies.
However, taking out a senior mortgage can be a smart play for retirees who can afford to make a substantial down payment on a home. Along with a smaller loan, consider a shorter loan — say, a 15-year mortgage instead of the benchmark 30-year. Yes, your monthly payments will be higher, but your interest rate will be lower. You can also ask your lender about senior citizen mortgage assistance programs that are available in your state.
Be sure to consider your spouse or partner when deciding to get a mortgage. What would happen if one of you were to die, and how would that affect the survivor’s ability to repay the loan? If your surviving spouse or partner would not be able to take over the loan, getting a mortgage during retirement may not be a smart financial decision.
7 mortgage options for seniors
There are plenty of home loan options available to retirees or seniors — mostly the same as for anyone, with one exception. Here are seven to consider:
Conventional loan: You can find conventional mortgages from virtually every type of lender, in terms ranging from eight to 30 years. If you’re not making a down payment or don’t have an equity level of at least 20 percent, you’ll need to pay private mortgage insurance (PMI) premiums.
FHA, VA or USDA loan: These government-insured loans might be easier to qualify for than a conventional mortgage. You can only get a VA loan if you or your spouse has served in the military, however, or a USDA loan only if you’re buying in a USDA-approved area.
Cash-out refinance: With a cash-out refi, you’ll get a brand-new mortgage and cash out some of your home’s equity in a lump sum.
Home equity loan: A home equity loan is a lump-sum loan, usually with a fixed rate, fixed monthly payments and a term between five and 30 years. You’ll typically need at least 20 percent equity to qualify.
Home equity line of credit (HELOC): – A HELOC is a variable-rate product that works similarly to a credit card — you’re given a line of credit to draw on as needed. You’ll have a certain number of years to draw the money, and then a certain amount of time to repay the loan.
Reverse mortgage: A reverse mortgage is a loan taken out against your current home, in which a lender pays you monthly installments; these must be repaid, or the home surrendered to the lender, when you die or move out. To qualify, you must be at least 62 years old, own your home outright (or close to it) and live in the home as your primary residence. You’ll also have to pay for the property taxes, homeowners insurance, HOA fees (if applicable) and other upkeep on the home.
No-document mortgage: A no-doc mortgage doesn’t require income verification. It’s an uncommon product, but it can be an option for borrowers who have irregular income.
Bottom line
Seniors with good credit, sufficient retirement income and assets and not a lot of debt can get a mortgage or home loan. The keys are knowing your long-term plans, exploring loan options and providing documentation to support your application. It’s also worth speaking to a financial advisor or retirement planner to prepare your finances for the new loan. If you’re acquiring or unloading property, you’ll want to revisit your estate plan, as well.
Frequently asked questions
Lenders consider employment wages, Social Security payments, freelance income, part-time income, tips, pension and retirement income as income for loan qualification. They also count alimony and child support payments, unemployment benefits, investment income and disability leave.
It’s possible to get a mortgage with Social Security as your only income, depending on how high your payments are. But like any borrower with a low income, you might not qualify for a large mortgage, and you may have to put down a sizable down payment to get approved. If you’re looking for mortgages for seniors on Social Security, ask lenders about their specific eligibility requirements before applying.
It doesn’t matter how long ago you purchased your house, whether it’s been just a few years or several decades. Consider re-evaluating your current mortgage and living situation to determine whether a refinance could benefit your wallet.
The process is almost as in-depth as getting a new mortgage, so we’ll show you exactly when you should consider refinancing and how to complete the process.
What is a mortgage refinance?
Mortgage refinancing is the process of replacing an existing mortgage with a new mortgage loan. The new loan may have a different interest rate, term, or loan amount than the original mortgage.
People often refinance their mortgages to take advantage of lower interest rates, to change the terms of their loan, or to tap into the equity they have built up in their home.
When should you refinance your mortgage?
Before you jump into the refinance process, it’s wise to think about your goals. There are many times when it’s a good idea to look into mortgage refinancing, but you always have to look at the big picture as well.
For example, if interest rates are lower than when you got your mortgage or your credit has improved recently, you may qualify for a lower interest rate. This allows you to save money over the long run and have a lower monthly payment.
But here’s the catch.
If you lock into that lower interest rate and refinance for another 30-year mortgage, you’re adding time to the loan term. This might not be a big deal if you’ve only been paying off your mortgage for a couple of years. On the other hand, you may end up paying more interest over time, even with the lower rate, if you’re already several years into your current term.
Get your lender to crunch some comparisons for you, or do it yourself using a refinance calculator. That way you know for sure whether you’re really saving money or not.
See also: How Much Does it Cost to Refinance a Mortgage?
Drop Your PMI Coverage
Another time to look into refinancing your mortgage is if you’re paying private mortgage insurance and have reached 20% equity in your home’s value. At that point, you may be able to refinance and drop that PMI contingency.
Since PMI typically costs up to 1% of your loan amount each year, you could save yourself some serious money, especially since it’s not going towards your principal or interest.
As always, be sure to also consider the closing costs that come along with refinancing as well as how much of your loan you’ve already repaid. The financial benefits of the refinance should always outweigh the expenses.
Cash-Out Refinance
Another reason some people want to refinance is to access cash. Maybe they want to fund a home renovation project or pay off debts. A cash-out refinance will allow them to leverage the equity in their house to obtain that cash.
How soon can you refinance your home?
When it comes to refinancing, lenders typically look more at the amount of equity in your home than the length of time you’ve owned it. This is especially true of cash out refinances, which require 20% equity in the home. If you just want to change your interest rate or length of the loan, then you’ll need somewhere between 5% and 10% home equity.
If you’ve already refinanced your home once after the original purchase, your lender might make you wait before doing it again. The industry standard is usually six months, so as long as you’re over that threshold, you shouldn’t have an issue.
Prepayment Penalties
One issue to be aware of, however, is the potential for a prepayment clause in your existing home loan. Although it’s rare these days, this penalty can charge you a large fee if you pay off your mortgage early.
When you refinance, that’s exactly what you’re doing: paying off your old mortgage (and lender) with a new mortgage that could very well be through a new lender. Check your existing loan contract to make sure a refinance won’t come with any unexpected penalties.
How much could you end up paying?
Some prepayment penalty clauses are structured so that you pay 80% of the interest you would owe over the next six months. That can easily amount to thousands of dollars, especially if you’re early in your mortgage with interest-heavy payments.
How to Refinance a Mortgage
Refinancing your home doesn’t happen overnight. In fact, there are several steps involved. Here’s a play by play so you know exactly what to expect.
1. Determine the Type of Refinance You Want
We’ve talked about setting a goal for your refinance and this is a huge part of starting the process. You may want a standard refinance that merely adjusts your interest rate. Or perhaps you want to cash out some of your equity. Alternatively, you may wish to refinance out of an adjustable-rate mortgage to a fixed-rate or switch the length of your term.
2. Check Your Credit Score
Once you know the type of mortgage loan you want, it’s time to start preparing for the process. Knowing your credit score lets you know a bit more what you can expect in terms of loan qualification and interest rates.
Some loan types have absolute minimums, while others are more flexible. Check your credit score upfront so that you can get an idea of whether you meet basic refinance requirements.
3. Estimate Your Home’s Value
Next, you need to get an idea of how much your home is currently worth. The best way to do this is to look at comps in your neighborhood.
Check websites like Zillow and Realtor.com to find out what current sales prices look like, as well as properties that have been recently sold. Take a look at the price per square foot for these homes and apply that number to the square footage of your own home.
Of course, that’s not an absolute. Your home’s true value depends on several factors, including upgrades and lot size. But you can take these things into consideration to get a general idea of what your appraisal value could be.
4. Compare Lenders
You don’t have to refinance with your current mortgage lender. In fact, it’s smart to shop around to find the best loan terms. Compare all the details of your refinance offer. Getting a lower interest rate is definitely important, but you also want to consider potential closing costs and origination fees.
How a lender structures the new loan is also significant and can influence your decision. If you’re trying to save on how much cash you spend upfront, you might prefer a lender who lets you incorporate your closing costs into the loan amount. Alternatively, low interest rates may be the most influential factor when choosing a lender.
5. Get a Loan Estimate
After comparing rates and fees from multiple mortgage lenders, you can get a loan estimate from your top choices. A loan estimate is a form that provides essential information about the terms of a mortgage refinance loan.
It is intended to help borrowers compare different loan offers and make an informed decision about which one is the best fit for them. The loan estimate includes the loan terms, the projected monthly payments, the closing costs, and other charges associated with the loan. It also includes information about the lender, the mortgage broker (if applicable), and the real estate broker (if applicable).
6. Prepare for Your Application
After you pick out a lender with the mortgage rates and terms you like, it’s time to start gathering your documentation for your refinance application. You’ll likely need things like bank statements, tax forms from the last two years, and pay stubs.
Getting all of this paperwork together in advance can save time during the application and underwriting processes.
7. Get Ready for the Appraisal
Part of the mortgage refinance process is to get a professional appraisal on your home. Your lender typically orders this and the fee is usually included in your closing costs. Make sure your home is clean and presentable. You don’t need to make major changes but picking up ahead of time can create a good impression on the appraiser, as can a freshly mowed yard.
8. Anticipate Your Needs for Closing
Closing on a refinance is similar to when you originally closed on your home. Typically, your lender will arrange a meeting with a public notary so you can sign all of your paperwork. You can make this at a time and place that is convenient for you. If the refinanced loan is in both your name and someone else’s, like your spouse’s, then you’ll both need to be present to sign.
Once the paperwork is complete, you’ll start making monthly payments to your new lender as scheduled in your closing documents. Any new terms or rates will also apply so you can start paying down your newly refinanced home loan.
How to Refinance Your Mortgage FAQs
What are the eligibility requirements for a mortgage refinance?
To be eligible for a mortgage refinance, you typically need to have good credit, sufficient equity in your home, and the ability to make the monthly payment on the new loan.
Credit score: Lenders typically prefer borrowers with good credit scores when evaluating mortgage refinance applications. A good credit score is generally considered to be above 670, but this can vary depending on the lender. If you have a lower credit score, you may still be able to refinance your mortgage. However, you may be offered less favorable terms, such as a higher interest rate.
Equity: To be eligible for a mortgage refinance, you typically need to have sufficient equity in your home. Equity is the portion of your home that you own outright, and it is determined by subtracting the amount you owe on your mortgage from the value of your home. To refinance, you will typically need to have at least 20% equity in your home.
Ability to make payments: Lenders will consider your income, debts, and other financial obligations when evaluating your ability to make the monthly mortgage payment on a refinance. You will typically have to provide proof of income, such as pay stubs or tax returns, and you will need a debt-to-income ratio that is within the lender’s guidelines.
In addition to these requirements, you may also need to meet other eligibility criteria, such as being current on your mortgage payments and having no recent bankruptcies or foreclosures.
How do I compare refinancing options?
To compare refinancing options, you can use online mortgage calculators or consult a financial professional or mortgage lender. You should consider the interest rate, terms, and costs of each option.
What are closing costs?
Closing costs are fees that are associated with the process of obtaining a mortgage. They can include fees for appraisals, credit checks, title searches, and other services.
How much do closing costs typically cost?
Closing costs can vary widely depending on the specific loan and lender, but they typically range from 2% to 5% of the loan amount.
Can I refinance my mortgage if I have bad credit?
It may be more difficult to qualify for mortgage refinancing if you have bad credit, but it’s not impossible. You may be able to qualify for a refinancing option with a higher interest rate or with a co-signer.
How long does it take to refinance a mortgage?
Refinancing your mortgage can take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months, depending on the complexity of your situation and the lender’s process. It’s a good idea to start the process as early as possible to ensure that you have enough time to complete it.